Izifo ze-Alzheimer

Ngokuningiliziwe ngezifo ze-Alzheimer's

Isifo se-Alzheimer isifo esiqhubekayo sezinzwa ezingapheli, okwenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhluleka kobuchopho ukusebenza ngendlela efanele. Isifo se-Alzheimer senza ushintsho enkumbulweni , ekukhulumisaneni, ekwahluleleni , ebuntwini, nasekusebenzeni jikelele kokuqonda .

I-Alzheimer yaqala ukubonwa yi- Alois Alzheimer ngo-1906 eJalimane futhi yilona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuwohloka komqondo , igama elivamile lokusebenza kwengqondo engaphumeleli.

Nakuba abantu abaningi becabanga ngesifo se-Alzheimer njengento echaphazela abantu asebekhulile kuphela, empeleni kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesifo se-Alzheimer: ukuqala kwasekuqaleni (okubizwa ngokuthi okuvamile ) i-Alzheimer's ethinta abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-60 nokuqala kwe-Alzheimer's , echazwe izimpawu okuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-60.

> Izifo ze-Alzheimer zingabangela ukuwohloka kwezicubu zobuchopho.

Ubani Othola Izifo Zama-Alzheimer?

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezinhlanu e-United States bahlala ne-Alzheimer's noma ukuwohloka komqondo okuhlobene, nakuba kungekho bonke abathintekayo.

• Izinkolelo-18 Ngezifo Zama-Alzheimer kanye ne-Dementia

• Kungenzeka Kanjani Ukuthola Izifo Zama-Alzheimer?

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi abantu abangaba ngu-500 000 e-United States baqala ukuqala i-Alzheimer's , noma olunye uhlobo lokudemeka kwengqondo oluthinta abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-60.

I-Alzheimer ayiyona ingxenye yokuguga okuvamile ; Kodwa-ke, njengoba usukhulile, amathuba okuthuthukisa ukwanda kwe-Alzheimer. Amaphesenti ayishumi nesishiyagalombili abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 banesifo se-Alzheimer noma enye indlela yokudemeka kwengqondo, kanti amaphesenti angaba ngu-50 abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-85 banesifo se-Alzheimer noma olunye uhlobo lwe-dementia.

Iqembu labantu abanamaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu e-Alzheimer's abesifazane baseCaucasia, mhlawumbe kusukela esikhathini sokuphila kwabo esikhulu kunazo zonke.

Kodwa-ke, abesifazane ngokuvamile basengozini yokuthuthukisa isifo se-Alzheimer's. Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamaMelika ezine-Alzheimer's disease noma ukuwohloka komqondo okuhlobene nazo zingabantu besifazane.

Kukhona ithuba elikhulayo lokuthuthukisa i-Alzheimer uma unezihlobo ezinesifo, kodwa kunezinto eziningi ongayenza ukuze unciphise le ngozi .

Izimpawu Nemiphumela Ye-Alzheimer's

Izimpawu ze-Alzheimer zifaka izinkinga ngememori, ukuxhumana, ukuqonda, nokwahlulela. Izinguquko zobuntu zingase ziqale ukuthuthukisa futhi. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, ikhono lokusebenza ngokwengqondo, emphakathini, nangokomzimba liyaqhubeka nokuncipha.

Ngenkathi ukuqhubeka kwesifo se-Alzheimer kungashintsha ngokusekelwe kumuntu, kulandela iphethini efanayo elikwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ezihlukene: isigaba sokuqala, isigaba esiphakathi, kanye nesigaba sekwephuzile.

Izifo Zokuqala Zase-Alzheimer Stage

Esikhathini sokuqala se-Alzheimer's, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukufunda ulwazi olusha, thola igama elifanele ukuchaza okuthile, khumbula ukuthi kwenzekani nje ( ukukhubazeka kwesikhashana esifushane ) noma uhlele futhi uhlele umsebenzi-umsebenzi odinga ukusebenza okuphezulu .

Izifo Eziphakathi Zase-Alzheimer's

Emagcekeni aphakathi kwe-Alzheimer's , ikhono lokucabanga liba nzima kakhulu. Izinkumbulo zesikhathi eside zivame ukuphela, futhi kungase kube nokunciphisa kwamakhono okubukwa nesimo (okungaholela ekutheni abantu baphambuke noma balahleke). Izinguquko zomzwelo nezokuziphatha, ezifana nokukhathazeka nokukhungatheka , zivamile esigabeni esiphakathi, futhi lokhu kungaba yinselele kubo bobabili abaphila nokuphefumula komqondo, kanye nabathandekayo babo, ukubhekana nazo.

Izifo Eziphelile Zase-Alzheimer's

Ekugcineni kwesifo se-Alzheimer , ukusebenza ngokomzimba kunciphisa kakhulu, ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokuhamba, ukugqoka nokudla okunzima. Ekugcineni, umuntu ophethwe yisikhathi se-Alzheimer uncike ngokugcwele kwabanakekeli ukusiza ngezidingo zabo eziyisisekelo.

Izinto Ezingazi Ngayo Ngezifo Zama-Alzheimer

Izifo Zama-Alzheimer Ngenye Yezimo Eziningi Ezibangelwa Ukudinga

Ungase uzwe igama elithi dementia elisetshenziselwa ukuhlangana nesifo se-Alzheimer's. I-Dementia ne-Alzheimer ayiyona into efanayo, nakuba amagama avame ukusetshenziswa ngendlela eguquguqukayo.

I-Dementia yigama elijwayelekile lezinkinga zokucabanga, njengokulahlekelwa inkumbulo nokukhulumisana ubunzima.

Isifo se-Alzheimer yiyona imbangela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke yokuphefumula komqondo, kodwa kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi kanye nezimbangela zokugula komqondo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuwohloka komqondo kuyisigaba esibanzi esinezimo eziningi, esinye sezifo zesifo se-Alzheimer's.

Ezinye izinhlobo zengqondo ye-dementia zihlanganisa ukuwohloka komqondo komzimba , i- Lewy yomqondo wokugula komzimba , ukugula komqondo ka-Parkinson , ukucindezeleka kwangaphambili kwe-frontotemporal , isifo sikaHuntington nesifo seCreutzfeldt-Jakob .

• Uyini umehluko phakathi kuka-Alzheimer's and Dementia?

Akuwona wonke Ukulahlekelwa Kwememori Okubangelwa Izifo Ze-Alzheimer noma i-Dementia

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuncipha kwengqondo kubangelwa ezinye izimo, ezinye zazo ziyizimo eziguquguqukayo , njengengcindezi evamile ye-hydrocephalus noma i- vitamin B12 . Ukuqaphela nokuphatha lezi zimo ngokushesha kungabakhona ukwandisa amathuba okuthola ikhwalithi.

Ukulahleka kwememori kungabangelwa nezinkinga zansuku zonke kuhlanganise nokucindezeleka, ukukhathala, iziphazamiso, ukucindezeleka, nokunciphisa okuningi okuningi.

• Izifo ze-Alzheimer kanye ne-Dementia Awukhethi

• Okwenza Izifo Zama-Alzheimer Zibizwa ngokuthi Uhlobo Lwe-Diabetes

Impilo Yokuphila Iyatholakala Ezifo Ze-Alzheimer's

Kungokwemvelo ukuzwa usizi, ukudabuka, nokukhathazeka ngemuva kokuxilongwa kwe-Alzheimer's, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi abanye abantu abazizwa bekhululekile ngenxa yesizathu sezimpawu zabo (noma othandekayo) abazizwayo. Ukufunda ngesifo se-Alzheimer kungaba nzima kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, okubalulekile ukwazi nokhumbula ukuthi kusengenzeka ukuthi ube nokuphila okugcwele nokubalulekile, ngisho nalapho uhlala nesifo so-Alzheimer's.

Kanjani? Abantu abane-Alzheimer kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokuphefumula komqondo babuzwa lo mbuzo futhi izimpendulo zabo zisinikeza isikhuthazo nokuqonda okukhulu mayelana nokuthi yini ebangela izinga labo lokuphila .

Ukusikisela kwabo kwakuhlanganisa imibono elandelayo:

• Nikeza imisebenzi enenjongo- hhayi nje ibhingo
• Sisize sibe nokuxhumana komphakathi
• Gcina (futhi usebenzise) umuzwa wokuhlekisa
• Nika isikhonkwane
• Nika ukunakekela okungokomoya uma ufisa

Ukubona i-Alzheimer's

Ukubona isifo se-Alzheimer kwenziwa ngokubheka ezinye izifo noma izimbangela, ukubukeza umlando womndeni nokuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwengqondo ukubona ukuthi ubuchopho busebenza kahle kangakanani. Abanye odokotela baphinde bahlole ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging, njenge- MRI , engabonisa izinguquko ebukhulu bobuchopho nesakhiwo esingase sikholele esiphethweni se-Alzheimer's.

Nakuba odokotela abavamile bevame ukuhlola i-Alzheimer's, ungase ufune ukuhlolwa kusuka kwengqondo kwengqondo, i-geriatrician, noma i-neurologist. I-Alzheimer ayikwazi ukutholakala ngokucacile kuze kube sekufeni lapho i-autopsy iqhutshwa futhi izinguquko ezithile zobuchopho zingabonakala; Kodwa-ke, ukuxilongwa ngamathuluzi angenhla kuyisilinganiso sembonini ngalesi sikhathi futhi sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kunembile.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Alzheimer's

I-Alzheimer's ayinayo ikhambi ngalesi sikhathi, kodwa ukuthola izindlela zokwelashwa nokuvimbela okuphumelelayo, kanye nokuthola ukwelashwa kwesifo, kubaluleke kakhulu kubacwaningi. Ukwelashwa kwamanje kwe-Alzheimer kugxile ekunciphiseni izimpawu ze-Alzheimer's, kuhlanganise nokukhathazeka kwengqondo, ukuziphatha nokucindezeleka, ngokusebenzisa ukwelapha izidakamizwa kanye nezindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa.

Ukwelashwa Kwezidakamizwa

• Izinhlobo ezimbili zezidakamizwa ziye zavunywa yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ukuphatha isifo se-Alzheimer: i-cholinesterase inhibitors, kuhlanganise ne- Aricept (i-factpezil) , i- Exelon (i-revastigmine) , ne-Razadyne (galantamine), ne-N-Methyl D-Aspartate (i-NMDA) ) abaphikisanayo, kuhlanganise Namenda (memantine) . Ngenkathi le mithi ibonakala ithuthukisa izinqubo zokucabanga kwabanye abantu, jikelele ukusebenza kahle kuyahluka kakhulu. Le mithi idinga ukuhlolwa njalo ngemiphumela emibi kanye nokusebenzisana neminye imithi.
• Imithi ye-Psychotropic ingahle ibekwe ukuze ihlose ukuziphatha kanye nezimpawu zomzwelo ze-Alzheimer's. I-Psychotropics imithi eqondisa izici ezingokwengqondo nezomzwelo zokusebenza kobuchopho. Isibonelo, uma umuntu ehlushwa izidakamizwa ezicindezelayo, imithi ye-psychotropic, njenge- antipsychotic imithi , ingahle ibekiwe futhi ivame ukusiza ekunciphiseni ukucubungula. Njengazinye izidakamizwa, i-psychotropics inamandla okuba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kanye nokusebenzisana neminye imithi, ngakho kufanele isetshenziswe ngokucophelela futhi ihambisane nezinqubo ezingezona izidakamizwa.

Izindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa

Izindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa zigxile ekwelapheni izimpawu zokuziphatha nezomzwelo ze-Alzheimer ngokushintsha indlela esiyiqonda ngayo futhi sihlanganyele nomuntu ono-Alzheimer's. Lezi zindlela zibona ukuthi ukuziphatha ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokuxhumana kulabo abane-Alzheimer's, ngakho-ke umgomo ukuqonda incazelo yokuziphatha nokuthi kungani ukhona.

Izindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa zibandakanya imizamo yokuthola imbangela ebalulekile yokuziphatha noma imizwelo . Isibonelo, ukuqonda ukuthi ukuphumula kungabangela isidingo sokuhamba noma ukusebenzisa i-yokugezela-futhi ukubhekana nalezi zidingo-kuzoholela ekuphenduleni okuphumelelayo kakhulu kunokuba umcele umuntu aphethwe yi-dementia nje ukuthi ahlale phansi.

Izindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa kufanele zivivinywe ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imishanguzo ye-psychotropic ngoba zingenayo imiphumela emibi noma ukusebenzisana kwemithi.

Umgomo walezi zindlela ukuthuthukisa ukungenelela okuphumelelayo ngokulungisa indlela yomnakekeli noma imvelo ukunciphisa ukuziphatha okuyinselele noma imizwa ecindezelayo .

Olunye ucwaningo luye lwabona ukuthi izindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa nazo zingasiza ukugcina, noma ngisho nokuthuthukisa, ukusebenza komqondo wokusebenza isikhathi esilinganiselwe. Isibonelo, umsebenzi womzimba nokuzivocavoca kwengqondo kuye kwaboniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngezifundo eziningi ukuze kuzuze ukuhlonishwa kubantu abaphila ne-Alzheimer's.

• Izinyathelo Zokuthuthukisa Ukuqashelwa Ngokwemfucuza Ngaphandle Kwemithi

Ungakuvimbela I-Alzheimer's?

Kukhona umehluko phakathi kokuvimbela isifo se-Alzheimer nokunciphisa ingozi yokuyihlakulela. Njengamanje, ayikho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela ngokugcwele isifo se-Alzheimer. Kodwa-ke, ungakwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho, futhi lo mbono uqiniswa ngamakhulu emfundo yocwaningo.

Ukudla okunomsoco , ukuphila okusebenzayo nokuzivocavoca umzimba , ukuxhumana nabantu , nokuzivocavoca kwengqondo njalo yizinqubo eziye zaboniswa ocwaningweni ukuze ziphumelele ekunciphiseni ingozi yesifo se-Alzheimer.

Izwi elivela

Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma umuntu omaziyo kungenzeka abe ne-Alzheimer's, yazi ukuthi silapha kuwe, kokubili ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi lwamanje, oluthembekile nolucwaningwayo futhi ukukukhuthaza endleleni. Ukubhekana ne-Alzheimer akulula, kodwa akuyona into okudingeka uyenze yedwa. Ngokwenza kahle futhi ulungele, unganciphisa ezinye zezinselele zalesi sifo kokubili wena nomndeni wakho.

_Imithombo:

_{I-Alzheimer's Association. Kuyini i-Alzheimer's?} > http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_what_is_alzheimers.asp.

_{I-Alzheimer's Association. Izinsisekelo Zesifo Se-Alzheimer's. http://www.alz.org/national/documents/brochure_basicsofalz_low.pdf}

_{I-PubMed Health. I-Library Kazwelonke YaseMelika Yezempilo. Iyini Izifo Zama-Alzheimer? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001767/}