Abantu abaningi abazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi babhekene nokuthunjwa, ikakhulukazi uma bengenalo ngaphambili. Kungaba nzima nakakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ukuthunjwa kwakho kwaba ukugxila okugxile noma ukuhlukunyezwa okujwayelekile, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ukhathazeke ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi lezi zombili lezi zisho.
Ukuqothulwa kokugxila kuyizifo ezivela ngenxa yomsebenzi ongajwayelekile kagesi esifundeni esithile ebuchosheni.
Ngokuvamile ubuchopho busebenza ukunakekela imisebenzi efana nokukhiqiza imicabango nokunyakaza lapho amangqamuzana ebuchopho "ekhuluma" komunye nomunye ngokuthumela izimpawu zikagesi. Lapho izimpawu zikagesi zishisa ngomlilo, ubuchopho bungenza imisebenzi engadingeki, njengokungathi ukugubha.
Izimpawu kanye nokubonakaliswa kokubanjwa kunezici zobuntu, okuvame ukunikeza ukuqonda mayelana nesibindi sokubamba futhi kusize ekunqumeni ukuthi zigxile noma zijwayelekile. Ukwelashwa kwezikhathi eziphindaphindiwe kuvame ukuqondiswa ukuthi yizinkinga zokugxila okugxile noma ukuqubuka komzimba.
Kuyini ukuzamazama okugxile?
Ukuzizwa kungenhloso (hhayi ngenhloso) ushintsho ekuqaphelweni noma ekuhambeni okubangelwa umsebenzi ongajwayelekile, owenziwe ngogesi obuchopho. Ukuqothulwa kokugxila (okuyaziwa nangokuthi ukuhlukunyezwa okuyingxenye) kuthiwa kugxile ngoba umsebenzi kagesi uqala esifundeni esincane ebuchosheni futhi kungenzeka noma ungafaki ukubandakanya indawo enkulu yobuchopho.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuqubuzana okugxile ekuqaliseni okuqala kuyingxenye encane yobuchopho futhi kuhilela ngokushesha izinhlangothi zombili zobuchopho-kodwa basabhekwa njengengcindezi enkulu uma bevela esifundeni esisodwa sobuchopho.
Izimpawu zokugxila okugxile kungabandakanya ukunyakaza okungazimele noma izingxenye eziyingxenye encane yomzimba, ukuxosha umzimba wonke, ukuxubana , ukwehlisa ukuqapha, noma ukungaqapheli okuphelele.
Ukuqothulwa kwe-Focal vs. Ukuhlukunyezwa Okujwayelekile
Olunye uhlobo lokuthunjwa lubizwa ngokuthi ukuthunjwa okujwayelekile, okuyinto ukuthunjwa okuqala ngemisebenzi engavamile kagesi engqondweni. Ngenxa yokuthi ukugxila okugxile kungasakazeka ngokushesha, kubangele izimpawu ezinzima , ngezinye izikhathi ukugxila okugxile futhi ukuthunjwa okujwayelekile kungabonakala kufana kakhulu.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuqothulwa okugxile futhi okufakiwe kuhlanganisa:
- Ukubanjwa okugxile kungase kuqale ngezibonakaliso ezinjenge-spasms noma ukuqina kwamasipha ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesobuso, ingalo noma umlenze ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ziqale ukufaka izinguquko ekuqapheliseni noma ukunyakaza okuzimele okubanzi okubanzi. Ukuhlukunyezwa okujwayelekile kubonisa izimpawu ezijwayelekile, njengokulahlekelwa kwengqondo noma ukuguqulwa komzimba kusukela ekuqaleni.
- Ukubanjwa okugxile kungabangela izimpawu zokuhlala ezinobuthakathaka ezifana nokukhubazeka kuka-Todd ngemuva kokuqothulwa kwesikhashana, kuyilapho ukuhlukunyezwa okujwayelekile kungenjalo.
- Umuntu onokuqothulwa kwamandla kagesi angaba nomsebenzi owenziwe kagesi endaweni eyodwa endaweni yokuhlolwa kwe-electroencephalogram (EEG), kuyilapho umuntu onokuqothulwa ngokujwayelekile kulindeleke ukuthi abe nomthelela wokungahambi kahle komthetho.
- Ukubanjwa okugxile kungase kuhlotshaniswe nokungajwayelekile ekuhlolweni kokucubungula ubuchopho okuhambelana nezimpawu zokuqala zokubamba noma iphethini ye-EEG. Ukuhlukunyezwa okujwayelekile akuhlotshaniswa nokuhlanganiswa okunjalo phakathi kokucabanga kobuchopho kanye nezimpawu zokuthunjwa noma amaphethini we-EEG.
Ngokuvamile, uma unesifo esibucayi esiqala engxenyeni eyodwa yobuchopho, kungenzeka ukuthi ube nokugwinya okugxile kwesinye isifunda sobuchopho. Kungenzeka futhi ukuba nakho kokubili ukugxila okugxile ekubanjeni kanye nokuqothulwa okujwayelekile.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu zokugxila okugxile kungashintsha futhi zingase ziqale ngokuchofoza okuncane, ukugwaza noma ukuphazamiseka kwengxenye eyodwa yomzimba. Ngemizuzwana embalwa noma emizuzwini, izimpawu zingase zande noma zingase zithinte ngokwazo njengoba umsebenzi owenziwe kagesi ochokweni usakazeka noma uxazulula.
Ukuthunjwa kungase kube kanzima kakhulu kangangokuthi ukubonakala kokuqala okubonakalayo kokubamba okugxile kungabonakala sengathi kukhulu kakhulu, futhi kungase kungabonakali kugxile nakancane.
Izimpawu zokuqala zokugxila okugxile kungabandakanya:
- Ubuso, ikhanda, ingalo, umlenze noma umzimba, ama-spasms noma ukugubha
- Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungavamile noma okungaqondakali
- Ukumisa noma ukuxosha
- Ukwehlisa ulwazi
- Ukulahlekelwa kokwazi
Izimbangela
Ukuqothulwa kokugxila kubangelwa indawo yobuchopho obhekene nokusebenza okungaqondakali kagesi. Lezi zinto ezingavamile zokusebenza kagesi kungenzeka zibe khona kusukela ekuzalweni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukugxeka okugxile kungase kuqale ngenxa yokulimala kobuchopho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi somntwana noma umuntu omdala.
Izimbangela ezivamile zokugxila ekugxilweni zihlanganisa:
- Congenital (okwamanje kusukela ekuzalweni)
- Ukuhlukunyezwa kwekhanda
- Isisu senhliziyo
- Isibungu
- Ukutheleleka kobuchopho
- Isitsha segazi esingavamile ebuchosheni
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuqothulwa kokugxila kutholakala ngokuhlanganiswa kwezici, ezihlanganisa:
- Umlando wezokwelapha: Uma usuqale ukuhlushwa ngemuva kokubhekana nokuhlukunyezwa okukhulu kwekhanda noma ngemva kokuthola ukuthi unesifo sobuchopho, kunethuba elinamandla lokuthi zibhekene nokugxila ekugxileni.
- Incazelo yokuthunjwa: Udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi akakuboni ukuthunjwa kwakho, futhi uma ukhumbula okuhlangenwe nakho okunjengezinzwa ezingavamile noma ukunyakaza kwesinye isitho somzimba wakho, lokhu kusikisela ukugxila okugxile. Ngokufanayo, uma ofakazi bebona ukunyakaza kwesinye isitho somzimba wakho ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokuthunjwa kwakho, lokhu kungase kusekele ukuxilongwa kwezigameko zokugxila. Uma ubhekene nokukhubazeka okusalayo isikhathi esifushane ngemuva kokubanjwa, lokhu kungase kusho ukuthi kwakuyisigxila esikhulu.
- Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Ukuhlola kwakho ngokomzimba kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuba anqume ukuthi ngabe unesifo sezempilo esingakunikela ekugxileni, njengokushaya kwesifo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Brain imaging: Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yobuchopho kungabonisa indawo yokulimala kobuchopho noma isifo esivumelana nokugxila okugxile. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, ukuqubuzana okugxile ekuhlosweni akuhlanganiswa nokuhlobana ekuhlolweni kwe-imaging yobuchopho.
- I-EEG: Ukubanjwa kwe-Focal kungase kuhlotshaniswe nendawo eqondile yomsebenzi kagesi ongavamile ku-EEG, ikakhulukazi ngaphambili, ngesikhathi, noma emva kokuthathwa.
Ukwelapha
Kunezinketho eziningana zokwelapha zokubheja okugxile. Lokhu kufaka:
- Imithi: Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemishanguzo yokulwa ne-anti-seizure ephumelelayo ekulawuleni ukugubha.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Ukususwa kwesilonda uma kunesilonda esikhiphekayo esibangela ukugubha, njengesisu.
- Ukwelashwa kwesisu : Kunezinqubo eziningi zokuhlinza ezingavimbela ukuxoshwa okuphindaphindiwe kwabanye abantu abanesisulu.
Isibikezelo
Uma unesifo esibucayi, angase abuyele noma angathuthuka eyedwa. Kunzima ukubikezela ubukhulu nokuvama kokuqothulwa kwekusasa. Uma unesifo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu, kubalulekile ukuthola usizo lwezokwelapha. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokwenza uphenyo olunzulu ukuze ubone ukuthi udinga ukuthatha imithi noma ukuhlinzwa ngokuvimbela ukuthatha imithi.
Ngokuvamile, iningi labantu abanezigameko ezigxile ekuthuthukiseni ngokwabo noma ukubhekana nokulawulwa kahle kokuqeda ukwelashwa noma ukwelashwa.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Ngokwezigaba ze-2017 zokuqothulwa yi-International League Against Epilepsy, kunezigaba eziningana zokuqothuka okukhulu. Lezi zigaba zisekelwe ezintweni eziningana, kufaka phakathi okulandelayo.
- Ukuqwashisa: Kungaba okujwayelekile noma kwehle.
- Ukuhamba komzimba: Ukuthunjwa kungenzeka noma kungahlotshaniswa nokunyakaza okungazibandakanyi. Izimpawu zemoto ezihambisana nokuqothulwa okugxile zihlukaniswa njenge-atonic, automatisms, clonic, spasms epileptic, noma hyperkinetic, myoclonic, noma tonic. Izimpawu ezingekho emotweni ezihambisana nokuqothulwa okugxile zihlukaniswa njengokuzimela, ukuzibopha ukuziphatha, ukuqonda, ukukhathazeka ngokomzwelo, noma ukukhathazeka.
Izwi elivela
Ukuhlukumeza kuyaqondakala kakhulu wena kanye nabathandekayo bakho. Uma uthola ukuthunjwa, kubalulekile ukuthi uthole ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha. Esikhathini esisheshayo, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizosebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthumba kwakho akuhlali isikhathi eside, mhlawumbe ukuqala imithi yokuyeka ukuthunjwa.
Uma usuzinzile, odokotela bakho bazosebenza ukuxilonga imbangela noma uhlobo lokuthunjwa kwakho futhi bangakuqala ohlelweni lokuphulukisa isikhathi eside ukuvimbela ukuqhuma okuqhubekayo, uma kunesidingo. Ngenkathi ukuthunjwa kugxilile, kubalulekile kuwe ukwazi ukuthi ukugxila okugxilwe ngokujwayelekile kulawulwa ngemithi noma ukuhlinzwa.
> Imithombo:
> I-New Classification of Seiqures yi-International League Against Epilepsy 2017, i-Fisher RS, i-Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2017 Jun; 17 (6): 48. i-doi: 10.1007 / s11910-017-0758-6.