Izitho zokugaya zihlanganisa ipheshana lamathumbu, okuyilapho zonke izenzo zenzeka khona kanye nezinye izitho zokufinyelela. Yishubhu elilodwa elide kakhulu eliqala emlonyeni bese liphela nge-anus. Izitho zokufinyelela zihlanganisa izinto ezihlukahlukene emgqatsheni wezinsizakalo ezenza yonke inqubo ibe lula. Nakhu ukubukeka okufushane ezingxenyeni zokugaya:
Amalungu Omuthi Wamazinyo
I-oral cavity. Lona ngumlomo wakho, kanti ngenkathi kungesona isilwane, kubalulekile ngoba ukugaya kuqala kuqala emlonyeni wakho uma uluma futhi uhlafuna ukudla kwakho, ngaleyo ndlela uwuxuba ngamathe. I-saliva (noma i-spit) idonsa ukudla ukuze kube lula ukugwinya. Iqukethe kancane kancane i-amylase ye-salivary, i-enzyme yokugaya ephula ama-carbohydrate.
I-Pharynx. I-pharynx ingxenye yomphimbo wakho lapho ingxenye yangemuva yomlomo wakho ihlangana ne-esophagus kanye ne-trachea (i-windpipe yakho). Njengomlomo, akuyona into esemthethweni, kodwa kubalulekile. Uma usuqedile ukuhlafuna ukudla, ulimi lwakho luxosha ukudla emuva emuva ku-pharynx. I-flap of tissue ebizwa ngokuthi i-epiglottis igwema i-windpipe uma ugwinya ukuze ukudla kungabeki phansi ithubhu engalungile.
I-Esophagus. Uma usugwinya lokho okungukudla, uhamba phansi isisu kuya esiswini.
Kuyinto nje ithubhu hhayi isitho esiyinkimbinkimbi.
Isisu. Isisu sakho yisitho esikhwameni semisipha. Amaseli esiswini esiswini sithengisa ama- gastric juices aphula amaprotheni, namafutha amancane, kanye nezinye izinto ezimbalwa. Inkontileka yemisipha bese ucindezela isisu esiswini ukuwaxuba nejusi.
Lokhu kushintsha iziphazamiso zokudla ozigwilise endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-chyme.
Amathumbu amancane. Amathumbu amancane lapho ukugaya kuqeda khona futhi kunomsoco wezakhi. I-enzyme yokugaya iphula izingcezu zokugcina zokudla zibe izakhi zomzimba ngamunye ukuze zihanjiswe ngaphesheya kwezintambo ezincane zamathumbu nasemgodleni wegazi. Kunezinxenye ezintathu emathunjini amancane okuthiwa i-duodenum, i jejunum, ne-ileum.
Amathumbu amakhulu. Ngesikhathi i-chyme ifika emathunjini amakhulu, izakhi ziye zafakwa, ngakho-ke umsebenzi omkhulu lapha ukukhipha amanye amanzi futhi ulungele ukubhujiswa njengezinto eziphathekayo. Iphela nge-rectum ne-anus.
Ama-Accessory Ama-Digestion
Izithobezi zensimbi. Wonke lawo mathethi kufanele avele endaweni ethile, futhi yilokho okuyizinhlayiya ezithandekayo ezifanelekile. Unama-glands amathathu, ama-parotidi, ama-sublingual kanye nama-submandibular, ahlangene nomlomo wakho.
Isibindi. Lesi isitho esimatasa kakhulu esinemisebenzi eminingi, kepha uma kutholakala ukugaya, kuveza i- bile , efihlelwa emathunjini amancane ukusiza ukwephula amafutha namafutha.
I-Gallbladder. Ingxube encane enjenge-bag egcina i-bile kuze kudingekile.
Kuyinto enhle ukuba ube ne-gallbladder, kodwa ungahlala ngaphandle uma kudingeka.
I-Pancreas. Lesi sitho senza ama-enzyme okugaya umzimba aphula ama-carbohydrate, amafutha, namaprotheni emathunjini amancane. Iphinde ifihle ama-bicarbonates emathunjini amancane, engatholakali i-pH acidi ye-chyme.
Ubuchopho nekhala? Ungaphikisana nobuchopho yingxenye yokufinyelela ngoba ukucabanga nje kokudla kungaqala ukugeleza kwamathe. Ngale ndlela, impumulo yakho ibalulekile futhi, ngoba ukudla okumnandi okuthandayo kuzophinde kuphuze umlomo wakho. Ukuba nokuqaqa kwe-sali kusiza ukugaya ngoba kwenza kube lula ukuhlafuna nokugwinya ukudla.
Imithombo:
Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. "Ukudla okunomsoco kanye ne-Human Metabolism." Edition Sixth. Belmont, CA. I-Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2013. 8, 2016.
USomolin LA, uGrosvenor, MB. "Ukudla okunempilo: Isayensi nezicelo." Uhlelo lwesithathu. I-Wiley Publishing Company, 2013.
UMnyango WezeMpilo WezeMpilo waseMelika, iNational Digestive Cleasehouse Clearinghouse (NDDIC). "Uhlelo lwakho lokugaya futhi lusebenza kanjani."