Isifo sikashukela sivame ukungaqapheli kuze sifinyelele esiteji esithuthukile, kodwa ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukuxilongwa kokuqala kubalulekile ukunikeza ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu. Ukuze basize ekuhloleni kwangaphambili, abacwaningi besifo sikashukela baphenya amakhemikhali angakwazi ukubikezela ingozi yomuntu yokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba inqubo yesifo iqhubeke. Enye yezinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu indima yama-antibodies.
Ama-antibodies e-Diabetes
Ama-antibodies ngamaprotheni akhethekile atholakala egazini nakwezinye izindawo emzimbeni. Ama-antibodies athola futhi ahlasele izinto zangaphandle emzimbeni, njengama-virus namabhaktheriya. Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-antibodies asebenze kabi futhi ahlasele amasu omzimba. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ama-antibodies angasebenzi abizwa ngokuthi ama-autoantibodies. Ngokuvamile, kuziguli ezine-type 1 yesifo sikashukela, ukuhlasela kwe- autoantibodies nokubhubhisa amaseli e-isis-beta isethi beta e-pancreas. Lolu hlobo lokuhlaselwa emasimini omzimba lungabuye lwenzeke kwiziguli ezine-type 2 yesifo sikashukela, kodwa kaningi kangako.
Ososayensi baye babonisa antibodies eziningana obonakala sengathi zihlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela, kuhlanganise glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies 65 (GADA) kanye islet cell antibodies (ICA). Lezi zinselo zomzimba zilwa namaphrotheni angadingeki nakuwo amasethini e-isis beta.
Kwezinye izimo, abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-1 banamazinga aphezulu ama-antibodies ukuze balwe nokuhlaselwa ngaphandle, kanye nama-autoantibodies ahlasela izinhlelo zomzimba.
Ukuhlaselwa kwe-autoantibody kukholelwa ukuthi kubhubhisa i-cell esele kakhulu ukuthi ama-antibodies avikela.
Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye wezingane ezixilongwa ukuthi unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 sinamazinga aphezulu e-ICA namagciwane e-GADA. Kuze kube ngu-25% wabantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 esandulela abantu abadala, baye baphakamisa amazinga alawa ma-autoantibodies.
Ama-antibodies ekuqapheni kokuqala
Ucwaningo lwamuva luveze ukuthi ukutholakala kwama-autoantibodies we-GADA kungaba yisimemezelo esiqinile sokuqeda isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-1. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zinhlobo ze-autoantibodies zikhona ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zesifo sikashukela noma i-prediabetes zifakwe. Ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuhlolwe lezi zici eziphathelene ne-autoantibodies - ikakhulukazi kubantakwethu balabo abatholakale benesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 - kungasiza ukubikezela ukuthi umuntu ukhona yini ingozi yokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esingakhula. Ukutholakala okunjalo kwangasese kungenza izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuqeda ukuqala kwesifo.
Ama-antibodies ekulawulweni kwesifo sikashukela
Abantu abaningi bahlakulela uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 ngoba banamandla kakhulu futhi banokuphila ngokweqile. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abanesifo sikashukela se-type 2 bangaba namagciwane kanye nama-autoantibodies emazingeni aphezulu noma aphakeme kunabo abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Iziguli ezitholakale zine-type 2 yesifo sikashukela zingase zifake ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze zithole ukuthi zinezibalo ezikhona emzimbeni wazo. Uhlobo lwe-2 lwesifo sikashukela esinezinga eliphezulu lama-autoantibodies lingase likwazi ukufuna i-insulin esikhathini esizayo. Lolu lwazi lungasiza ukubikezela inkambo yesifo sabo nokuthi ngabe ekugcineni bangadinga i-insulin injection yokuphatha isifo sikashukela.
Isifo Sikashukela Sokukhubazeka Esikudala: 'Phakathi phakathi' nesifo sikashukela
Abanye abantu bathuthukisa isifo sikashukela esivela kubantu abadala esivela kubonakala sengathi sihlobo lwe-2 sikashukela futhi siphendula imithi yomlomo wesifo sikashukela. Nokho, phakathi neminyaka embalwa, le mithi ilahlekelwa ukusebenza kwayo futhi iziguli kumele ziqale ukusebenzisa i-insulin. Leli fomu lesifo sikashukela ngezinye izikhathi libizwa ngokuthi i-autoimmune yesifo sikashukela sokudala (LADA), ngezinye izikhathi futhi esibizwa ngokuthi "phakathi kwesifo sikashukela" noma uthayiphe i-1.5 sikashukela ngoba iqala njengohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwegazi ngaphambi kokuba sibe nesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-insulin-type 1 .
Abantu abane-LADA banamazinga aphezulu we-ICA ne-GADA, kanye namazinga aphezulu we-autoantibodies ezingasebenzi.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-autoantibodies inqwabelene namagciwane, ichitha amandla omzimba wokukhiqiza i-insulin. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, thayipha u-2 wesifo sikashukela bese uba yisifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ngoba abantu abane-LADA banamazinga aphezulu okulwa namagciwane okusebenza kahle, amasosha omzimba awo akwazi ukuvimbela ama-autoantibodies ngokuphumelelayo nangesikhathi esinde kunabantu ababeqale baxilongwa nge-type 1 yesifo sikashukela esencane. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ama-autoantibodies abantu abane-LADA abhubhisa ikhono lomzimba lokukhiqiza i-insulin. Ngakho-ke, ukuxhomeka kwe-insulin kukhula ngokushesha emlonyeni we-LADA kunokwesimo esijwayelekile sesiguli sesifo sikashukela.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abanye abantu bangase babe nezinhlobo zombili zalezi zinambuzane ezingasebenzi futhi zingalokothi zithuthukise noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezingozini zesifo sikashukela - uhlobo lokudla nesisindo - azihlangene nokusebenza kabi kwesimiso somzimba, futhi lezi zici zingalawulwa ngendlela yokuphila enempilo.