Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, kungani gluten kunzima kangaka ukugwema?
Uma ucwaninga i-gluten, uzothola leli gama linemininingwane emibili evame ukusetshenziswa - elichaza amaprotheni okugcina evamile okusanhlamvu eziningi, futhi okuqondene nalabo abahamba ngokulandela ukudla okungafani ne-gluten.
I-Gluten, ngesimo sayo esijwayelekile, imane ibhekisela kuma-proteins utshani utshani obakhela imbewu yabo (esiyazi ngokuthi okusanhlamvu) ukusekela nokondla ukukhula kwesizukulwane esilandelayo sezitshalo.
Cishe wonke amagilebhisi ane gluten - i-corn gluten, isibonelo, isebenza kahle njengomanyolo kanye nomsizi wokhula, kuyilapho irayisi enobuthi ivela izitsha eziningi zaseThai. Noma kunjalo, lezo zithelo - kanye ne-gluten ezikuzo - ziphephile ngokuphelele kubantu abanesifo se-celiac kanye ne-non-celiac gluten ukuzwela (futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezibizwa ngokuthi ukungahambisani kwe-gluten noma i-gluten allergies).
Yi-gluten eyenzeka eqenjini elithile lezinhlamvu - i-Pooideae subfamily yomndeni wakwa-Poaceae wezingca - obangela ukusabela okuqondile kulabo abanesifo se-celiac noma abanobuhlungu obuningi be-gluten. I-Pooideae subfamily ihlanganisa ukolweni, ibhali, rye, nama-oats.
Uma othile ethi balandela ukudla okungenamsoco we-gluten, abagwema yonke i-gluten. Esikhundleni salokho, bayagwema lolo phrotheni oluthile olutholakala e-Pooideae subfamily of grasses.
I-gluten inikeza ukuqina kwe-Dough, Isakhiwo
I-gluten kakolweni, ibhali, ne-rye empeleni iqukethe amaprotheni amabili: i-gliadin ne-glutenin.
Uma lezi zihlanganiswa ngesikhathi sokubhaka, zakha izinto ezinjengezifo ezinjengezinhlanzi, ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezifana ne-glue ezihlinzeka ngesinkwa nezinye izinto ezibhakabhaka ngokuqina nokunambitheka.
I-Gluten iyasiza futhi isinkwa inhlama ikhuphuke ngokubamba imfucumfucu (literally gluing) ephuma emgqumeni ngokwayo, evumela inhlama ukuba ifike endaweni yokukhanya neyomoya.
Ngokudabukisayo, amaprotheni e-gluten kwamanye amagilebhisi awahlinzeki ngalolu lwazi, yingakho kunzima ukuthola isinkwa esingenalutho se-gluten.
Yilezi zimfanelo ezitokisini ezibhakabhile ezenza ukukhishwa koroli wanamuhla (nangokwezinga elincane nebhali ne rye). Eqinisweni, ukolweni wamanje ukhiqizwa ukuba ube ne-gluten kakhulu kunezinhlobo ezindala zekolweni ezifana no-Einkorn ukolweni kanye nekoroli lepelisi, okwenza ukolweni wamanje ube nobuthi obukhulu kulabo abasabela ku-gluten kuwo.
Futhi akumangazi ukuthi i-gluten inzima kakhulu ukugwema: Isikolweni sinombolo yesithathu emazweni ase-US (ngemuva kommbila kuphela namasiya), nama-acre angu-54.6 wezigidi ezikhiqizwa ngo-2015 nama-2.05 billion amabhasi asekhulile (uma kuqhathaniswa, kuphela amahektare ayizigidi ezingu-2.6 bevame ukutshala irayisi ngo-2015).
Uma uhlanganisa izibalo zokukolweni, ibhali, ne-rye, amanye ama-acre epulazi asetshenziselwa ukukhulisa izitshalo zokusanhlamvu ze-gluten kunanoma yimuphi omunye isitshalo esisodwa - okungaphezu kwama-acre angu-58 wezigidi ezikhiqizwa ngamabhiliyoni angama-biliyoni ama-gluten ngonyaka ka-2015.
'I-Gluten-Free' Akusho iBolweni, Ibhali noma i-Rye Gluten
Ezimweni eziningi (ngokungekho ngaphandle kwezolimo) noma ubani okhuluma ngokuthi "gluten" noma "gluten-free" kusho gluten equkethwe utshani ukolweni, ibhali kanye rye (kanti ngezinye izikhathi oats).
Lezi zinhlobo ezithile ze-protuteni ye-gluten zibangela ukusabela okubonwe ku-celiacs nalabo abanokuzwela kwe-gluten.
Ngeshwa, ngoba lezi zitshalo - ikakhulukazi ukolweni - zivame kakhulu ekutheni ukondliwe, ukudla okungenalutho kwe-gluten kuhilela okuningi kunokuba nje ukufaka isinkwa samahhala se-gluten nezinye izimpahla eziphekwe ngezinhlobonhlobo eziqukethe i-gluten. Izithako eziqukethe i-Gluten zivela ekudleni okuningi okucutshungulwa, futhi noma ubani olandela ukudla okungekho gluten kudingeka afunde ukuthi yimaphi amagama asho 'gluten' kumalebula okudla .