Ukuguqulwa kokuHlelwa kwe-Urinalysis
Esinye sezivivinyo ezivame ukuqhutshwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma ngenkathi kutholakala esibhedlela kuwu-urinalysis. Uhlolo lubuye luvame kakhulu emitholampilo nasehhovisi likadokotela, njengoba lisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu eMelika: ukutheleleka kwamagciwane. Uma kutholakala ukutheleleka komgogodla kuyisinye sezizathu ezivame ukuthi lesi sivivinyo senziwa kaningi, kwenziwa futhi ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso - okuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokuhlola ukuphepha kokunikeza i-anesthesia yesiguli nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinso ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza kahle ngemva kwenqubo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Urinalysis
Ukuhlolwa kwe-urinalysis kuthatha isampula yomchamo bese kuhlaziya okuqukethwe kanye nokwenza amakhemikhali. Nakuba ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzekwa ukuthola noma yiziphi izinkinga zezinso ezingase zibe khona, ukuhlolwa kwe-urinal kungenzeka kwenziwe ehhovisi likadokotela uma kutholakala ukutheleleka kwezinso, ukutheleleka kwamagciwane , noma ukunye ukukhishwa. I-urinalysis akufanele ididaniswe nokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa zomchamo, okuhlola umchamo wokusetshenziswa kwamanje kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni.
Igama elithi urinalysis lisho okujwayelekile ukuhlola umchamo, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa ezingenziwa. I-urine ingahlolwa ukuze inqume ukuthi ngabe umuntu usebentise izidakamizwa noma izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni maduzane.
I-urinalysis ayitholi ukuxilongwa, okusho ukuthi imiphumela ayihlolisi isifo, kodwa kunalokho ingaqondisa phambili ukuhlola ukuthola ukuthi impela inkinga. Isibonelo, i-urinalysis ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo sikashukela , kodwa uma imiphumela ibonisa kokubili amazinga e-glucose neketone aphakanyisiwe, ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela kungaba isinyathelo esilandelayo esilandelayo.
Lokhu kuvivinywa kuvame ukuba isinyathelo sokuqala ekutholeni izinkinga zezinso, futhi ngokuvamile kuzoholela ekuhlolweni kwegazi nokucabanga (njenge-CT scan) uma kubhekwa izinkinga zezinso.
Ukuthola isampula se-Urine
Isampula se-urine ingaqoqwa yisiguli ngokwabo, ngokujwayelekile ngokuvuthwa kwisitsha esinyumba, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi "ukudoba okuhlanzekile." Ngokuvamile, isiguli sibuzwa ukuthi siqale ukuvota, bese kuthi uma ukusakazwa kuqalile futhi imizuzwana embalwa yokugeleza isilahliwe, isampula iqoqwe.
Unganikezwa isula sokuhlanza ukusebenzisa ngaphambi kokuqoqa isampula. Lokhu kwenziwa ukunciphisa ubungozi bokungcola esikhumbeni sakho.
Uma isiguli sinamakhemikhali eFoley , umhlengikazi uqoqa isampula emathunjini ngaphambi kokuba umchamo ufinyelele esikhwameni sokuqoqa.
Isigaba sokuqala sokuhlola ukuhlolwa kwe-Urinalysis: Ukuhlolwa okubukwayo
Ukuhlola umbala nokucaca kwesampula somchamo kuhlolwa kuqala. Isampula yomchamo ihlolwe ngokubukeka ngombala, "ophuzi," "utshani," noma "cishe ongebalabala" njengamagugu avamile. Imibala engavamile ingenzeka: i-orange ingaba nomthelela ohlangothini wemithi yokwelapha, obomvu nebomvu kungabonisa ukuba khona kwegazi, futhi ukukhanya okwesibhakabhaka kumnyama kungasho ukuphelelwa amanzi.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Urinalysis Isigaba sesibili: Ukuhlolwa kweMikhali
i-pH: Lokhu kuhlola kubheka izinga le-asidi kumchamo. Amagugu aphezulu noma aphansi angabonisa inkinga nezinso.
Ukuvuthwa okucacile: Le ngxenye yokuhlolwa ibeka ukuthi umchamo ugxile kangakanani. Uma isiguli siphelelwe amanzi, isibonelo, amandla adonsela phansi azoba phezulu. Uma lo muntu ehle kakhulu, umphumela ophansi kulindeleke. I-diabetes insipidus, isimo lapho umzimba ukhipha khona umthamo omkhulu wamanzi, kuzoholela ekutheni amandla adonsela phansi aphansi kakhulu.
Amaprotheni: Ukuthola amaprotheni emcimbini akuyona ukutholakala okuvamile. Amazinga aphakeme kakhulu angabonisa inkinga ngezinso zezinso.
I-glucose: Ukuthola i-glucose emcimbini akuyona into ejwayelekile yokuthola. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kutholakala ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, ikakhulu uma isifo sikashukela singalawulwa kahle.
I-Ketoni: Ukuthola amaketoni emcintini akuyona ukutholakala okuvamile. Ngokuvamile, isifo sikashukela singumphumela wamathononi emcibini. Ukuthola izetoni kuzoholela ekuhlolweni kwesifo sikashukela, noma kungase kubonise isidingo sokulawulwa kwe-glucose okungcono kwisiguli sesifo sikashukela.
Ama-leukocytes: ama- leukocyte amhlophe amangqamuzana egazi.
Ama-leukocytes emcintweni ngokuvamile akhombisa ukutheleleka okudlule noma okwamanje emaphethini omchamo.
Igazi: Ukuba khona kwegazi emcimbini kuyisimo esingavamile. Akunakwenzeka ukucacisa imbangela yokuphuma ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Izimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa ukutheleleka, ukuhlukumezeka, izinso zamagciwane, umdlavuza, ukuhlinzeka endaweni ye-urinary tract, isifo sezinso, okuhlobene nokuhlukunyezwa okufaka umchamo wamanzi, nezinye izimbangela eziningi.
hCG: Lokhu kuhlolwa kokukhulelwa. Eziguli zesilisa, umphumela uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "awusebenzi," kanti abesifazane bazoba nomphumela omuhle noma omuhle. Ukuhlolwa kwe-urinalysis kungaba noma kungabandakanyi ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa, kuye ngokuthi yini ukuhlola ukucubungula komugqa okujwayelekile lapho kuhlolwa khona futhi lokho udokotela akulethe.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Urinalysis Isigaba sesiThathu: Ukuhlolwa kwe-Microscopic
Inani elincane le-sampuli yomchamo, ngokuvamile amaconsi ambalwa, abekwe kwisilayidi futhi ahlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kwenziwa ukunquma ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana emcinini obonisa ukuba khona kwegazi, ukutheleleka noma ukungcola.
Amaseli Egazi Amhlophe (ama-WBCs): Ambalwa kakhulu noma awekho ama-WBC kufanele abe khona emcinini. Izinombolo ezibalulekile ngokuvamile zikhombisa ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka.
Ama-Red Blood Cell (Ama-RBC): Njengamaseli egazi amhlophe, kufanele kube ambalwa kakhulu noma awekho amangqamuzana egazi obomvu atholakala emcinini.
Ama-epithelial: Amaseli e-Epithelial akufanele abe khona esicelweni somchamo. Isibangela esivame kakhulu samaseli e-epithelial kusampula yiqoqo elingalungile lomchamo, okusho ukuthi isampula esinyumba sonakalisiwe. Uma ukungcola kukhishwa futhi amaseli e-epithelial aphinde atholakale ekuhlolweni kwesibili kwesampuli somchamo owengeziwe, kuzomele kuhlolwe ukuhlola okunye ukuchaza ukuthi kukhona lawa maseli.
Amabhaktheriya: Ukuba khona kwama-bacterium kungabonisa ukutheleleka noma ukungcola kwesampula.
I-Casts: I-cast, engase ibhekiswe njenge-red, white, noma i-hyaline cast, ngokuvamile ibukeka njenge-clump encane yeqanda elimhlophe elimisiwe emcinini. Ukuba khona kwe-casts akuyona into evamile futhi kungase kuphakamise izinkinga zezinso.
Imithombo:
Ukuzihlola. I-Medline Plus. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003579.htm