I-Science Behind Pain.
Ngesikhathi ama-nociceptors ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi "ama-receiver receptors", akuyona leyo nkathi enembile. Kodwa-ke, badlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo futhi usabela ngayo ebuhlungu. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwama-nociceptors nobuhlungu kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi ubuchopho busebenza kanjani ekucubunguleni izinzwa.
Kunezinkulungwane zezindlela ongazwa ngazo ubuhlungu. Ukusuka ekugxileni izinyosi zakho ukuzinqamula ngenkathi uhlanza imifino, amazinga ahlukahlukene obuhlungu ayingxenye yalokho okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubuhlungu bubangelwa kanjani, bonke babelana ngezindlela ezifanayo ngendlela inzwa ngayo futhi idluliselwa ngayo.
Ama-Nociceptors: Ukudluliswa kobuhlungu
Uma uguqa ibhande lakho etafuleni noma uzishise ngokwakho, ubuhlungu buvame ukushesha. La macala ayaziwa ngokuthi "acute", noma ubuhlungu obusha. Ubuhlungu obukhulu buqala kusukela ku-nociception, indlela yesistimu yokuzwa umonakalo emzimbeni. Ama-nociceptors aphelelwa yisivinini sezinzwa, noma ama-receiver sensory, atholakala kuwo wonke umzimba. Banomthwalo wokuhlola umonakalo emzimbeni ngenkathi uzwa ubuhlungu.
Uma ubamba izinyosi zakho, ama-nociceptors asetshenziselwa ngaso leso sikhathi.Bathumela isignali ebuchosheni, behamba ngezinzwa zomngcele kumgogodla. Ngesikhathi sokudluliswa, izimpawu ze-nociceptors zicutshungulwa njalo, kanti ubuchopho buba nethonya elikhulu kakhulu endleleni ozwa ngayo ubuhlungu.
Ama-nociceptors akhonza njengama-alamu emzimbeni, ekuxwayisa ukuthi kukhona okwenzekile udinga ukusabela futhi usebenze kuphela uma ususwe ngumcimbi.
Ama-Nociceptors ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu:
- Amakhemikhali: Amakhemikhali asebenze ama-nociceptors, njengalapho ukusika kunesifo. Ukulwa nokutheleleka, indawo izothuthukiswa; umzimba wakho uletha igazi elingaphezulu kanye namakhemikhali endaweni ukuze usize ukulungisa umonakalo. Amakhemikhali acindezela ama-nociceptors futhi akhiphe ubuhlungu. Yingakho ngemuva kokulimala noma ukulimala, noma ukuthinta ngomoya omnene noma ukunyakaza okuncane kungalimaza kakhulu.
- Ukushisa : Ukushisa yizimbangela ezivamile zama-nociceptors. Uma uthinta isitofu esishisayo, ama-nociceptors asayina ubuhlungu avuliwe ngokushesha, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele okwenzile.
- Imishini: Ukucindezela komshini kubhekisela kunoma yini evimbela noma elula ukunyakaza, njengokungathi udonsa insika noma ubeke ithoni. Imigudu isetwe ngaphezu kwamandla abo, ivuselele ama-nociceptors futhi ithumele izibonakaliso zobuhlungu ebuchosheni.
Ubuhlungu be-nociceptor buyinto evamile futhi kuziphatha ngendlela ejwayelekile. Ungakwazi ukubona imbangela yobuhlungu, njengenyawo elilimazayo ngemuva kokunyathela okuthile, futhi isigaba singena kuso. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke ubuhlungu obuwela esigabeni se-nociceptor. Ukulimala ngaphandle kwesizathu esiqondile, njengomphumela wesifo sangaphakathi, okwenza ngokuvamile akukhuthazi ama-nociceptors.
Ama-nociceptors asebenza ukukuxwayisa ngokulimala okungaba khona; kwezinye izimo, akulungile. Ngenkathi inzwane enezinyosi ingalimaza kabi okwamanje, kungenzeka ukuthi ayibanga umonakalo ohlala njalo. Kodwa esimweni sokushisa, i-nociceptors isebenza ukukuxwayisa ngomonakalo emisipha.
Imithi eminingi yobuhlungu, njenge- opioids , isebenza ngokuvimbela amakhemikhali anciphisa isikhala sakho sobuhlungu. Yileyo ndlela impendulo yokubuhlungu elawulwa ngayo nokuthi kungani isebenza kuphela kwezinye izimo; ubuhlungu bungabonakaliswa ezinye izitholampilo, hhayi nje ama-nociceptors, ukuze ukwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu ngaphandle kokuvula ama-nociceptors.
Imithombo:
I-Dubin, A., i-Patapoutian, A. "I-Nociceptors: I-Sensors of the Pain Way". Journal of Investigation Clinic , 3760-3772, 2010.
Fein, A. "Nociceptors kanye Perception of Pain". Isikhungo sezempilo sase-University of Connecticut, ngo-2012.