Yiziphi zonke i-EMT okudingeka ziyazi mayelana nemisipha
Uhlelo lwesimiso luyisimiso somzimba esithinta ukuxhumana emzimbeni. Kunezinhlobo ezine zamangqamuzana omzimba wesimiso ohlelweni lwezinzwa: izinzwa ezizwayo, izinzwa zezimoto, izinzwa zokuzimela kanye ne-inter-neurons (i- neuron nje iyigama eliyinkimbinkimbi yeselonda lesisindo ). Ungahlukanisa zonke izinzwa emzimbeni zibe izingxenye ezimbili: isistimu enkulu yezinzwa kanye nesistimu yesifo sezinzwa .
Isistimu Yezinzwa Eziphakathi (CNS)
Isimiso sezinzwa esisemkhatsini sinamalungu amabili: ubuchopho nentambo yomgogodla. Inayo yonke inhlobo emine yamangqamuzana omzimba futhi yindawo kuphela ongayithola i-inter-neurons. Isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko sigxiliwe ezweni elingaphandle kahle kakhulu. Akumthinti neze igazi. Ithola izakhi zalo kusuka cerebrospinal fluid, liquid ocacile ogeza ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla.
Zombili izitho zigcwele izingxenyana ezintathu zezinambuzane ezibizwa ngokuthi i- meninges . I-meninges kanye ne-cerebrospinal fluid ikhiphe ubuchopho ukuyilimala ngokugodla ku-noggin. Kungenzeka ukuthi uthole ukutheleleka kusuka kumagciwane noma amabhaktheriya emadodeni okuthiwa i- meningitis . Kungenzeka futhi ukuba uphephe phakathi kwama-meninges ne-skull (okuthiwa i- epidural hematoma ) noma phakathi kwezingxenye zamadoda (okuthiwa i- subdural hematoma ). Noma yikuphi ukuphuma noma ukutheleleka ngaphakathi kwe-skull kungabeka ingcindezi ebuchosheni futhi kubangele ukuthi kungasebenzi kahle.
Isimiso sezinzwa ezisemkhatsini sinjengezigubhu zekhompyutha yakho (mhlawumbe ikhompyutha oyisebenzisayo ukufunda lokhu). Kungaphakathi lapho nezigidi zokuxhuma zihambisa izimpikiswano ezincane ezungeze isifunda kuya kwesifunda (isisindo semigodi), ukubala nokucabanga. Ubuchopho bakho benza zonke izibalo nokugcina ulwazi.
Intambo yakho yomgogodla ifana nekhebula enezintambo eziningi ezisebenza kuzo zonke izingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho.
Kodwa ubuchopho bekhomputha ngaphakathi kwikhompyutha yakho, njengebuchopho ngaphakathi kwekhanda lakho, akusizi ngalutho konke ngokwakho. Kumele ukwazi ukutshela ikhompyutha yakho ukuthi yini oyidingayo futhi ubone noma uzwe ukuthi ikhompyutha yakho izama ukukutshela. Udinga uhlobo oluthile lwamadivayisi wokufaka nokukhipha. Ikhompyutha yakho isebenzisa igundane, isikrini sokuthinta noma ikhibhodi ukuzwa ukuthi yini oyifunayo. Isebenzisa isikrini nezikhulumi ukusabela.
Umzimba wakho usebenza ngokufanayo. Unamalungu okuzwa ukuthumela ulwazi ebuchosheni: amehlo, izindlebe, ikhala, ulimi nesikhumba. Ukuze usabele, unemisipha eyenza uhambe, ukhulume, ugxile, wink, ubambe ulimi lwakho-noma yini. Amadivayisi wakho wokufaka / okukhiphayo ayingxenye yesistimu yakho yezinzwa zomzimba.
I-Peripheral System yeNervous (PNS)
Isistimu yezinzwa zomzimba yinto yonke exhunywe kwisistimu yenzwa yomphakathi. It has motor nerves, izinzwa sensory kanye nemizwa yokuzimela. Izithambo ze-Autonomic zenza ngokuzenzekelayo, yindlela yokuzikhumbula. Ziyizinzwa ezilawula imizimba yethu. Yinguqulo yomzimba we-thermostat, iwashi kanye ne-alamu yensimu. Basebenza ngemuva ukuze bahlale endleleni futhi bephilile, kodwa bangathathi amandla obuchopho noma badinga ukulawulwa.
Izindebe ze-autonomic zihlukaniswa ngokungazelelwe zibe yizinzwa zomzwelo noma zomsindo.
- Izindebe ezizwelayo zijwayele ukusheshisa. Bandisa ukwanda kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula nokucindezelwa kwegazi. Lezi zinzwa zibophezele ekuphenduleni kweMpi noma yezindiza.
- Izinzwa ze- parasympathetic zikhuthaza igazi ukugeleza ukuya emanzini. Bancipha inhliziyo futhi banciphise ukucindezeleka kwegazi.
Cabanga ngemisipha ezwelayo njengesivinini somzimba kanye nemisipha ye-parasympathetic njenge-pedal. Umzimba wakho uvuselela njalo ohlangothini lwe-parasympathetic kanye nohlangothi oluzwelayo ngesikhathi esisodwa - njengoba nje ugogo asetshenziselwa ukushayela, ngonyawo ku-pedal ngayinye.
Izisetshenziswa zomgwaqo ziqala kusukela ohlelweni lwezinzwa ezisemkhatsini bese ziphuma zibheke ezindaweni ezikude zomzimba. Babizwa ngokuthi ama-motor neva ngoba njalo aphela emisipha. Uma ucabanga ngakho, okuwukuphela kobuchopho bakho obuyithumela ezweni langaphandle kubandakanya ukwenza izinto zihambe. Ukuhamba, ukukhuluma, ukulwa, ukugijima noma ukucula konke ukuthatha imisipha.
Izinzwa ezithandekayo ziya kwenye enye indlela. Bathwala izimpawu kusuka ngaphandle ukuya ohlelweni lwezinzwa zomphakathi. Bahlale beqala isitho sokuzwa: amehlo, izindlebe, ikhala, ulimi noma isikhumba. Ngamunye walawo malungu unenhlobo engaphezu kweyodwa yemizwelo yezinzwa - isibonelo, isikhumba singabona ukucindezeleka, izinga lokushisa nobuhlungu.
Izwi Mayelana Nentambo Yomgogodla
Intambo yomgogodla ukuxhuma phakathi kwesistimu yezinzwa zomphakathi kanye ne-peripheral. Kuyiyona ingxenye ye-CNS, kodwa yindlela iningi lezinzwa nezinzwa ezitholakele ebuchosheni. Ngaphakathi komgogodla kukhona amanye alawo angaphakathi-neurons okukhulunywe ngenhla. Ebuchosheni, ama-inter-neurons afana nezinguquko ezincane kwi-chip chip, okusiza ukwenza izibalo futhi wenze ukucabanga okunzima.
Emthonjeni womgogodla, ama-inter-neurons anomsebenzi ohlukile. Lapha benza njengendlela ehleliwe isifundazwe esifushane, esivumela ukuba siphendule kwezinye izinto ngokushesha kunathi uma ngabe isignali kufanele ihambe yonke indlela eya ebuchosheni nasemhlane. I-inter-neurons emthonjeni womgogodla unesibopho sokuziphendulela - isizathu sokuthi ubuyele emuva uma uthinta ipani elishisayo ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele okwenzekile.
Ukuthumela izimpawu
Amagundane athatha imilayezo ngezimpawu ezibizwa ngokuthi izimpembelelo. Njengomshini isignali kanambambili, kungenzeka noma ivuliwe. Isisindo esisodwa sezinzwa asikwazi ukuthumela isignali ebuthakathaka noma isignali enamandla. Ingashintsha imvamisa - izimpendulo eziyishumi ngomzuzwana, isibonelo, noma amashumi amathathu - kodwa umfutho ngamunye ufana ncamashi.
Imfucumfucu ihamba ngesibindi ngokufanayo ngendlela efanayo nezinsimu ze-muscle ezivumelanisa ngayo, ngokusebenzisa i-chemistry. Amaseli amagundane asebenzisa amaminerali ahlanganisiwe (usawoti onjenge-calcium, i-potassium ne-sodium) ukuze aqhubekele umfutho. Ngeke ngijule kakhulu emzimbeni, kepha umzimba udinga ibhalansi efanele yazo zonke ezintathu zamaminerali ukuze inqubo isebenze kahle. Kuncane kakhulu noma kuncane kunoma yikuphi kwalokhu futhi imisipha noma imizwa ngeke isebenze kahle.
Amangqamuzana omgogodla angaba amahle kakhulu, kodwa asathatha amaningana ukuze afinyelele esicongweni somunwe wakho entanjeni yomgogodla. Amaseli awathinti. Esikhundleni salokho, umfutho usuke uthunyelwe ngamakhemikhali (usakazwa) kusuka kwesinye isisindo selinye kuya kwesinye usebenzisa izinto ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-neurotransmitters .
Ukwengeza i-neurotransmitter egazini kungabangela izinzwa ukuthi zithumele izimpawu. Isibonelo, amaningi amangqamuzana anomzwelo okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla (i- Fight or Flight cells) asabela ku-neurotransmitter ebizwa ngokuthi i-adrenaline, ekhishwa egazini esuka ezigulini eziyingozi lapho sisesaba, sigxilile noma sishaqile.
Uma uqonda ngokucacile indlela isimiso sezinzwa esisebenza ngayo, kuyisiqalo esincane ukuqonda ukuthi kungani izinto ezithile noma imithi isithinta ngendlela abayenza ngayo. Kulula futhi ukuqonda ukuthi ukushaywa noma izimpikiswano kuthinta kanjani ubuchopho.
Umzimba iqoqo eliguquguqukayo lamakhemikhali njalo asebenzisana. Uhlelo lwezinzwa luyisisekelo kunazo zonke kulabo abathintana nabo. Lesi yisisekelo sokuqonda imvelo ngokugcwele.