Indlela ama-opioid asetshenziselwa ngayo ukuphulukiswa okungapheli
Sekuyisikhathi eside ukusetshenziswa kwama- opioids ukuphatha ubuhlungu obunzima nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwabo ekulawuleni ubuhlungu obungapheli kuyinto engavumelani. Abanye abantu bangakwazi ukubekezelela i-opioids iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi kanti abanye bangase bancike ngokomzimba noma baze babe nokubekezelelana ngokusetshenziswa njalo. Njengemithi eminingi, i-opioids isebenza ngokuhlukile kuwo wonke umuntu.
Yini Opioids?
I-opioids iyinhlobo ye- analgesic , noma imithi esetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuzwela ubuhlungu. Ngenxa yokuthi zihlukaniswa njengezidakamizwa, zitholakala ngomuthi kuphela. I-opioids isebenza ngokuhlanganisa ezinye izidakamizwa ohlelweni lwezinzwa futhi zishintsha indlela ubuchopho obona ngayo nokuhumusha ubuhlungu. Ama-opioids anganikezwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo.
- Ngokweqile - Amancane amancane we-opioids ajojowe, ngokuvamile aphethwe ngepompo lobuhlungu, ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezinhlungu zesikhashana. I-opioids i-IV isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzwa ngokuyinhloko, njengokwenziwa kwe-hip noma ukuhlinzwa komgogodla.
- Ngokwemlomo - I-opioids ingathathwa ngomlomo ngefilisi noma njengetshezi, yilapho imithi eminingi yobuhlungu obungapheli ihanjiswa. Ama-opioid omlomo angase ahlelwe ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwesikhashana esifushane noma olude, ngenxa yamahora ambalwa noma amaningana ngokulandelana.
- I- opioid ingase isetshenziswe esikhumbeni efomini, ehambisa kancane kancane imithi yokwelapha esikhumbeni. Esetshenziselwa ukusizwa kabuhlungu kesikhathi eside, ama-patches angase asebenze izinsuku ezimbalwa ngesikhathi.
- Nge-Suppository - Ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ubuhlungu bomdlavuza kunezinye izinhlobo zobuhlungu obungapheliyo, ama-suppository e-opioid akhipha isilinganiso esincane se-analgesic ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuze kube amahora ayishumi nambili.
Uma ngabe u-opioids anqunyelwe ukuhlunguphazeka okungapheli, kungenzeka ukuthi uzosebenzisa ifomu lomlomo noma le-patch noma inhlanganisela yale mibini.
Uma i-opioids isetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obungapheliyo
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-opioid kungacatshangwa lapho ama-analgesics angenabo opioid ehlulekile ukuhlinzeka ngokukhululeka kobuhlungu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-acetaminophen nama- NSAID . Uma lezi zi-analgesics zingasebenzi ngokumelene nobuhlungu obungapheli, udokotela wakho angase abheke okuthile okunamandla. Ama-opioids ahluka emandleni, kanti amanye angahlanganiswa neminye imithi ebuhlungu.
Uma usuvele ususelwa emithini yemithi emfushane futhi ubuhlungu bakho obunzima obuyinto engavamile, udokotela wakho cishe uzoguqula umuthi osebenza isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile, izidakamizwa ezisebenza isikhathi eside zikhethwa, njengoba zinikeza ukulawula ubuhlungu ngisho nangokwethenjelwa kunabo abazala babo abancane; lokhu kungase kuhlinzekwe kuwe, kodwa kube nje ngezikhathi zobuhlungu obukhulu - hhayi ukuphathwa okuvamile kwezibuhlungu.
Ama-opioids Ayenzelwe Ukwelapha Ubuhlungu Obuhlungu
- I-Codeine - I-Codeine iyimithi ebuhlungu ethathwa ngomlomo. Kuyasebenza kancane, okusho ukuthi iphela amahora ambalwa ngomthamo. I-codeine ivame ukuhlanganiswa ne-acetaminophen nakuba ingase iphindwe nge-aspirin.
- I-Oxycodone - I-Oxycodone iyatholakala kokubili ifomu lemithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu obufushane futhi obambe isikhathi eside. Kungathathwa ngokwakho, noma kungahlanganiswa namanye ama-analgesics afana ne-aspirin noma i-acetaminophen.
- I-Fentanyl - i-Fentanyl itholakala njengemithi yokwenza ubuhlungu esifushane efonini ye-lollipop, futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukuphathwa kobuhlungu obubuhlungu . Ifomu le-patch long-acting elitholakalayo liyatholakala, elingasebenza ngamahora angama-72.
- I-Hydrocodone - I-Hydrocodone, efana ne-codeine ne-oxycodone, ingahlanganiswa namanye ama-analgesics afana ne-aspirin noma i-acetaminophen. Kuyinto imithi yokwenza ubuhlungu esifushane futhi ifana kakhulu ne-codeine.
- I-Hydromorphone - I-Hydromorphone iyinhlangano yama-opioid ehamba kancane eyaziwa ukuthi isebenza ngokushesha. Kungasetshenziselwa ifomu lomlomo, nakuba ama-injection namafomu e-suppository nawo ayatholakala. Ngezinye izikhathi i-Hydromorphone isetshenziselwa endaweni ye-morphine.
- I-Morphine - i-Morphine ingenye ye-opioid ephumelelayo kakhulu-futhi ingase ibe enye yezinamandla kakhulu. Nakuba kutholakala ifomu lokukhiphela ngokushesha, livame ukujovwa umqeqeshi wezezempilo esibhedlela noma emtholampilo.
- I-Methadone - Nakuba ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesidakamizwa sokuphuza ezinye i-opioids noma i-heroin, i-methadone nayo iyasiza ekuphatheni ubuhlungu obungapheli. Ngokuvamile isebenza cishe amahora amane kuya kwanguyisithupha ngesikhathi.
- I-Oxymorphone - I-Oxymorphone itholakala kumafomu abambe amafishane, noma nge-injection noma i-suppository. Ifomu elisebenza isikhathi eside liyatholakala futhi liyasebenza kuze kube amahora ayishumi nambili. Ngezinye izikhathi i-oxymorphone isetshenziselwa endaweni ye-morphine.
- I-Pentazocine - I-Pentazocine ifana ne-codeine futhi i-opioid esebenza kancane. Akuvamile ukuthi lisetshenziswe ngesimo sayo esinamandla ngenxa yokuthambekela kwayo okubangela ukudideka nokukhathazeka, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala.
Uhlobo Luni Lwe-opioid Ingabe Udokotela Wami Uzobhala?
Uhlobo lwe-opioid olunqunyelwe luzoxhomekeka kohlobo kanye nekhwalithi yobuhlungu bakho. Ngaphandle kokuthi uke wazama ezinye izifo ezingekho opioid ngaphandle kokukhululeka, udokotela wakho angeke akunikeze i-opioids nhlobo. Uma ama-analgesics angenayo i-opioid awazange aphumelele kuwe, udokotela wakho angakuqala e-opioid efana ne-codeine. Noma, angakuvivinya i-opioid ehlanganiswe ne-aspirin noma i-acetaminophen.
Uma ubuhlungu bakho bunzima kakhulu, unganikwa okuthile okunamandla, okufana ne-oxycodone. Udokotela wakho angase azame zombili amafomu abambe isikhathi esifushane futhi abambe isikhathi eside ukuze abone ukuthi yini ephumelela kakhulu ebuhlungu bakho. Angase ahlanganise ama-opioid anamandla namanye ama-analgesics, kuye ngezidingo zakho.
Njengeminye imithi eminingi yobuhlungu, kungase kudingeke uzame inhlanganisela engaphezu kweyodwa yenhlanganisela yama-opioid noma i-opioid ngaphambi kokuthola impumuzo.
Imithombo:
I-American Chronic Pain Association. Imithi ye-APCA Nokuhlupheka Okungapheli: Isongezo 2007. Kufinyelelwe ngo-6/14/09.
I-Garner-Nix, uJacqueline. Izimiso Zokusetshenziswa Kwe-opioid ku-Non-Cancer Pain . I-Canadian Medical Association Journal. NgoJulayi 8, 2003; 169 (1)
I-Merck Manuals Medical Library Library. Ubuhlungu: Ukwelashwa. Ifinyelele ngo-6/14/09. http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec06/ch078/ch078d.html
Isikhungo seNational on Abuse Abuse. I-NIDA InfoFacts: Imithi ye-Prescription and Over-the-Counter. Ifinyelele ngo-6/17/09. http://www.nida.nih.gov/infofacts/PainMed.html