I-Scleroderma Ayisona Isifo Esingashadile
I-Scleroderma iyimpawu yeqembu lezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokukhula okungavamile kwezicubu ezixhunyiwe , izicubu ezisekela isikhumba nezitho zangaphakathi. Ama-rheumatologists amaningi abhekisela kulesi sifo njenge-sclerosis yesistimu kanye nokubandakanya isikhumba njenge-scleroderma. I-Scleroderma ngokwezwi nezwi isho ukuthi "isikhumba esinzima," esitholakala emagameni esiGreki esi-sklerosis (okusho ukuqina) kanye ne- derma (okusho isikhumba).
I-Scleroderma ibhekwa njengesibili isifo se-rheumatic (izimo ezivezwe ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu emisipha, amajoyini, noma izicubu ezinamafutha) kanye nesifo soxhumo.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-scleroderma zinenqubo encane engavamile eyenza isikhumba sibe nzima futhi siqine. Ezinye izinhlobo zinkimbinkimbi, zithinta imithwalo yegazi nezitho zangaphakathi ezifana nenhliziyo, amaphaphu, nezinso.
Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-scleroderma: i-localized scleroderma, echaphazela kuphela izingxenye ezithile zomzimba futhi ihlanganisa i-scleroderma ne-morphea, ne-systemic sclerosis, echaphazela umzimba wonke.
I-Scleroderma yendawo
Izinhlobo zendawo ze-scleroderma zithinta isikhumba nezicubu ezihlobene, futhi ngezinye izikhathi imisipha engezansi. Izitho zangaphakathi azithintekile.
I-scleroderma yangasese ayikwazi ukuqhubekela phambili ohlelweni lwesistimu yesifo. Izinhlobo zendawo zingathuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa izinguquko zesikhumba ezenzeka uma lesi sifo sisebenzayo zingaba unomphela.
Kungaba yingozi futhi ingakhubaza.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-localized scleroderma: i-morphea ne-linear.
Morphea
Izikhwama ezibomvu zesikhumba ezishaya ezindaweni eziqinile ezinama-oval zihlukile komhlobo we-morphea we-localized scleroderma. Izikhungo zama-patches ziyizinyosi zezinyosi, nemingcele ye-violet. Ama-patches angatholakala esifubeni, esiswini, emuva, ubuso, izingalo nemilenze.
Ama-patches ngokuvamile akhukhumele kancane futhi abe nezinwele ezincane zokukhula. I-Morphea ingafakwa endaweni yangakini (inomkhawulo owodwa noma ama-patches amaningana, kusuka ku-inchmitha kuya ku-intshi angu-12 ububanzi) noma jikelele (izikhumba zesikhumba zinzima futhi zinomnyama futhi zisakazeka ezindaweni ezinkulu zomzimba). UMorphea uvame ukuphela eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, kodwa abantu bangaba nomzimba omnyama wesikhumba futhi, nakuba kungavamile, ubuthakathaka obubuthakathaka obuhlala.
Linear
Umzila owodwa ohlukile noma i-band of thickness, isikhumba esingavamile ngokuvamile uhlukanisa uhlobo olufanayo lwe-scleroderma yendawo. Umzila ugijima phansi ingalo noma umlenze kodwa ungagijima phansi ebunzini.
I-Systemic Sclerosis
I-Systemic sclerosis ayithinti kuphela isikhumba kodwa ihlanganisa nemithwalo yegazi nezitho ezinkulu.
CREST Syndrome
Abantu abane-systemic sclerosis bavame ukuba nazo zonke izimpawu ezilandelayo, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-CREST syndrome, isichazamazwi se:
- I-calcinosis: Ukubunjwa kwe-calcium i-deposit in the tissue connective.
- Isimo sikaRaynaud: Izindwangu ezincane zegazi zezandla noma izinyawo ezinkontileka ekuphenduleni ubanda noma ukukhathazeka.
- Ukungasebenzi komzimba: Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-oophaus kwenzeka lapho imisipha ebushelelezi egazini ilahlekelwa ukunyakaza okujwayelekile.
- I-Sclerodactyly: Isikhumba esinyene nesicinile eminwe yakho kubangelwa ukufaka ama-collagen ngokweqile ngaphakathi kwezingqimba zesikhumba.
- I-Telangiectasias: Izindawo ezincane ezibomvu ezandleni nasebusweni kubangelwa ukuvuvukala kwemithambo emincane yegazi.
I-Scleroderma encane
I-Systemic sclerosis ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili, inqunyelwe futhi ihlukaniswe.
I-scleroderma encane ngokuvamile iqala kancane kancane futhi ivinjelwe ezindaweni ezithile zesikhumba, ezifana neminwe, izandla, ubuso, izingalo eziphansi, nemilenze.
Isimo sikaRaynaud sivame ukubhekana neminyaka ngaphambi kokuqina kwesikhumba kubonakala. Abanye babhekana nezinkinga zesikhumba ngaphezu komzimba omningi obonisa ukuthuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, beshiya ubuso kanye nezandla kuphela ngesikhumba esiqinile, esinyanyisiwe. I-calcinosis ne-telangiectasias zivame ukulandela.
I-scleroderma encane ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-CREST syndrome ngenxa yezimpawu ze-CREST izimpawu kulezi ziguli.
Ukusakaza i-Scleroderma
Ukusabalalisa i-scleroderma ngokuvamile kuvele ngokuzumayo. Ukuqina kwesikhumba kukhula ngokushesha futhi kuhlanganisa umzimba omkhulu, ngokuvamile kuphethini elilinganiselwe. Izitho zangaphakathi ezinkulu zingalimala. Izimpawu ezivamile nge-scifoderma ezifakiwe zifaka:
- Ukukhathala
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso noma ukulahlekelwa isisindo
- Ukuvuvukala okuhlangene
- Ubuhlungu obuhlangene
Isikhumba singakhukhuma, sibonakale siphume, futhi sizizwe siqinile futhi sihlaziye. Umonakalo we-diffuse scleroderma kwenzeka esikhathini esiyiminyaka embalwa.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engaba ngu-3 kuya kwemihlanu, iziguli zivame ukuzinza, isigaba lapho ukuqhubeka kubonakala kuncane futhi izimpawu zingaphansi-kodwa kancane kancane, izinguquko zesikhumba ziqala futhi. Isigaba esaziwayo njenge-softening senziwa, lapho i-collagen encane eyenziwa khona futhi umzimba ugoqa u-collagen ngokweqile.
Izindawo zokugcina eziqinisiwe ziyancishiswa ngokucophelela. Isikhumba esithile sesiguli sibuyela kulokho okubonakala sengathi sijwayelekile ngenkathi isikhumba sabanye siba mncane futhi sinyama. Iziguli ezine-scleroderma ezahlukana nazo zibhekene nokuhlaselwa okubucayi kakhulu uma zihlushwa izinkinga ezinzima ezintsheni, emaphashini, enhliziyweni nasesigabeni sokugaya.
Ngaphansi kweyodwa kwezingxenye ezintathu kwezilwane ezinesifo esingafani se-scleroderma zakha izinkinga ezinzima ezithombeni ezibalwe ngenhla.
I-Systemic Sclerosis Sine Scleroderma
Abanye baqaphela uhlelo lwe-systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma njengesigaba sesithathu sesisifo se-systic sclerosis. Leli fomu lithinta izitsha zegazi nezitho zangaphakathi, kodwa hhayi isikhumba.
Izwi elivela
Kubalulekile ukuqonda uhlobo lwe-systemic sclerosis olutholakala ngalo ukuze ukhethe ukwelashwa okungcono okukusebenzelayo. Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa kwe-systemic sclerosis noma i-scleroderma, kunezinketho ezitholakalayo ukukusiza ukuphatha isimo sakho, ukunciphisa izimpawu, nokuqhubeka uphila kahle.
> Imithombo:
> I-Scleroderma I-Handout On Health. I-NIAMS. http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Scleroderma/default.asp
> Firestein GS, uKelley WN. I-Kelleys Textbook ye-Rheumatology . Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier / Saunders; 2013.