Uhlaka kanye nesakhiwo sokwesekwa kwezicubu zomzimba namalungu ethu
Izicubu ezixhumeneyo zixhuma, zisekela, zibopha, futhi zihlukanisa izitho kanye nezicubu, zakha uhlaka lokusekela izicubu zomzimba nezitho zomzimba, ngezinhloso zokwakha kanye nezakhi. Ezingxenyeni ezixhumeneyo, amangqamuzana ambalwa futhi ahlakazekile - awasondelene naye, njengamathekisthi e-epithelial. Izicubu eziningi ezixhumeneyo zixutshwe (ngaphandle kwe-cartilage). Izikhala ze-extracellular (isikhala esingaphandle kwamaseli) ezicubu ezixhumeneyo zibizwa ngokuthi i-extracellular matrix.
Ngakho-ke, izicubu ezixhumeneyo zakhiwa ngamaseli kanye ne-extracellular matrix. I-matrix ye-extracellular iqukethe ama-glycosaminoglycans nama-proteoglycans. Kuyinto ehlukile ekubunjweni kwe-matrix ye-extracellular ekhomba izakhiwo zezicubu ezixhunyiwe.
Izicubu ezixhunyiwe zakhiwa yi:
- Izingxenye ezihambelanayo (i-collagen ne-elastin)
- I-Glycosaminoglycans noma i-GAGs (izinketho ezide zokuphinda ama-disaccharide units; indima eyinhloko ukusekela i-collagen)
- Ama-proteoglycans (ama-GAG afakwe kuphrotheni eliyisisekelo)
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezicubu ezixhunyiwe
Izicubu ezixhumeneyo zihlukaniswa njengezicubu ezingaxhunyiwe ezingavamile noma izicubu ezinomsoco ezingavamile.
- Izicubu ezinokungajwayelekile ezingenangqondo ziqukethe amangqamuzana amaningi nesakhiwo se-fiber okuxekethile ematrix ane-viscous fluid.
- Izicubu ezinamahloni ezingenangqondo zinezicubu ezinomsoco we-collagen nezintambo ezinwebekayo ematrix e-viscous. Izicubu ezinamandla ezixhumeneyo zitholakala kuma-capsules ahlangene, ama-muscle fascia, kanye ne-dermis ungqimba wesikhumba.
Izicubu ezihlangene ezibandakanya zihlanganisa:
- Izicubu ezinomsoco ezivuthiwe ezivamile (ezitholakala ema- tendon nemigqa)
- I-cartilage (uhlobo lwama-tishu axhumene nawo ahlanganisa amangqamuzana e-chondrocyte, ama-collagen fibers, nezintambo eziqinisiwe; i-matrix eqinile noma eguquguqukayo; ihlanganisa i-hyaline cartilage, i-fibrocartilage, ne-cartilage e-elastic)
- Izicubu ze-Adipose (uhlobo oluthile lwezinto ezixhumene nezicubu ezinamathemikhali, ugcina amafutha amaningi kanye namandla; liqukethe amangqamuzana angama-reticular kanye nezintambo zangasese)
- Izicubu ze-hemopoietic noma i-lymphatic (izicubu ezithinta amanzi ezibandakanya ukukhiqizwa kwegazi, ziqukethe ama-leukocyte namafayili amaphrotheni ayenziwayo ayenziwe ngesikhathi sokugcoba; ingxenye engaphezulu ye-plasma)
- Igazi (liqukethe i-erythrocytes, i-leukocytes, i-thrombocytes; i-fibres yi-amaprotheni ahlambulukile; i-extracellular substance i-plasma)
- I-Bone (uhlobo oluthile lwesisindo esixhumene nalo luqukethe ama-osteoblasts noma ama-osteocytes; liqukethe ama-collagen fibers futhi anzima noma aqalwa)
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, izintambo, i-proteoglycan, ne-GAGs zilawulwa futhi zilawulwa ngokulinganisela phakathi kokuhlanganiswa nokuhlaziywa. Ibhalansi igcinwa yi- cytokines , izici zokukhula, kanye nokuhlambalaza kwe-MMPs (i-matrix metalloproteinases). Uma kukhona ukungalingani, izifo ezithinta izicubu zingathuthuka. Isibonelo, kukhona ukuchitheka kwenetha ezimweni ezifana ne- osteoarthritis , i- rthumicid arthritis , kanye ne- osteoporosis . Ukwenyuka okuncane kwenqubo yomshuwalense kungabangela i- scleroderma noma i-interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.
Kunezifo ezingaphezu kuka-200 nezimo ezithinta izicubu ezixhunyiwe.
Ezinye izifo zesifo sofuba ziwumphumela wokutheleleka, ukulimala, noma ngenxa yezifo ezingavamile. Isizathu sezinye izifo zesishukela ezixhumeneyo asilokhu singaziwa.
> Imithombo:
> Izicubu ezixhunyiwe. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezicubu ezixhunyiwe. Umhlahlandlela we-Histology. I-University of Leeds.
> Izishukela ezixhunyiwe: Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Matrix kanye Nokubheka Kwaso Kwezokwelapha Ngokwemvelo. Ukwelashwa Kwemvelo. I-Culav EM et al. March 1999.
> Izingxube ezixhumene nezicubu. I-MedlinePlus.