Ukuhamba, ukuhlela umndeni, noma ukukhulelwa? Sebenzisa i-bug spray namakhondomu
Uma uhlala ezindaweni eziningi ze-continental e-United States, amathuba okutheleleka ngegciwane leZika aphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, eFlorida ngo-2016, kwakukhona amacala angu-262 okutholakala ngukutheleleka kweZika-okuthile okumele ukukhumbule uma uhamba eningizimu ukuphumula kwentwasahlobo noma ukuya eholidini nokucabanga kokuqala umndeni.
Lesi sibalo sisho ukuthi abantu abangu-262 babanjwe uZika ngenkathi eFlorida futhi hhayi ekuhambeni ukuya kwamanye amazwe aseCaribbean, eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika-esesimweni sokuqhamuka futhi lapho igciwane livame kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho eFlorida ngo-2016, abangu-224 abesifazane abakhulelwe babhekwa ukuthi banesifo se-Zika.
Kuye kwabikwa kabanzi ukuthi ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuhlobene nokukhubazeka okukhulayo. Ngokuqondile, i-Zika ingabangela ukungalingani kobuchopho ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Ucwaningo olusha olwanyatheliswa yi-CDC lucabanga ukuthi abesifazane abaneZika virus banamathuba angama-20 okubeletha ingane eneziphene zokuzalwa. Siqala ukulinganisa imiphumela yeZika.
Izimpawu Zika
Abantu abangamaphesenti angaba ngu-80 abanesifo sengculazi abangenayo izimpawu. Kulabo abakha izibonakaliso, i-Zika i-febrile (fever) yokugula okuncane. Kodwa-ke, abesifazane abathintekayo abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza bangaba nabantwana abanezinhlangothi ezincane, noma amakhanda amancane, nezinye izinkinga zokukhubazeka kanye nezinkinga zamehlo. Noma kunjalo, ukugcwele okuphelele kokukhubazeka okunjalo akukwaziwa. Ngakho-ke, abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bagweme ukutheleleka ngegciwane leZika kuzo zonke izindleko.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangenwa igciwane lesandulela ngculazi ngesikhathi kunoma yiliphi i-trimester. Idatha yokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kwabesifazane inqunyelwe. Okuphawulayo, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bangakwazi ukubhekana negciwane lesandulela ngculazi noma izimo ezibuhlungu ezingaphezu kwalabo abangekho abakhulelwe.
Ngamanye amazwi, iZika ingabonisa kahle kakhulu abesifazane abakhulelwe njengabanye, kodwa kubangelwa ukukhubazeka okunzima ezinganeni ezingakazalwa.
Ukusabalala kwezingqinamba zokuzalwa ezihlobene neZika
Ukushicilela eMbikweni Wamaviki Wama - Morbidity and Mortality Weekly ( ngo-March 2017), abacwaningi bakwazi ukulinganisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi owesifazane otheleleke ngeZika kangakanani ukubeletha ingane eneziphene zokuzalwa.
Abacwaningi baqala ukusebenzisa idatha ye-pre-Zika ukuze ivuselele ngokuzenzakalela isisekelo sokukhubazeka okuzalwa okufana nalokho okubonwa ezinsana ezalwa ngamanesi aphethwe yi-Zika virus. Ngokuqondile, abacwaningi bahlaziya ukusabalala kokukhubazeka kokuzalwa eMassachusetts, eNorth Carolina nase-Atlanta, eGeorgia, phakathi kuka-2013 no-2014. Inothi, lezi zindawo zakhethwa ngoba ziqoqa ulwazi olunembile nolwazi oluningiliziwe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokukhubazeka okubeletha, okudlule Zika ukuqubuka.
Khona-ke, abacwaningi bahlola inani labantwana ababelethwe omama abathintekayo phakathi kukaJanuwari 15 noSepthemba 22, 2016, besebenzisa i-US Ukukhulelwa Zika Registry.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-pre-Zika kanye ne-post-Zika idatha, abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi amathuba ukuthi umama onegciwane abelethe ingane eneziphene zokuzalwa cishe izikhathi ezingu-20 ngaphezulu.
Kuyavunywa, ukuqhathanisa idatha yezwe nedatha ye-CDC akuyona ukufaniswa okuphelele.
Noma kunjalo, ukuqhathanisa kusasinika nomqondo omuhle wobungako besengozini. Lolu cwaningo lubuye lugcizelele ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa ukubhaliswa kokubeletha ukuze kube nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa kule minyaka entsha kaZika.
Ngokusho kwabacwaningi:
Lezi zindaba zibonisa ukuthi kunomthelela obalulekile wezinkinga zokuzalwa kwabantu ezibhekene nokuzalwa ukuqonda ukutheleleka komthelela we-Zika virus ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngo-2016, i-CDC inikeze imali ngeminyango yezempilo yasendaweni, yesifundazwe kanye neyomhlaba ukuze kuqhutshwe ukubhekwa okusheshayo kwesibalo sezinkinga ezingase zihlobene nokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, okuzohlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile yokuqapha umthelela wokutheleleka ngegciwane leZika e-United States.
Ukwelashwa Emanzini
I-virus ye-Zika isakazwa yizinyosi ze- Aedes eziluma emini nasebusuku. Njengamanje, ayikho imithi yeZika. Futhi uma ukhulelwe noma ucabanga ukuthi ukhulelwe, kufanele uqaphele ukugwema ukutheleleka.
Uma ukhulelwe futhi uhlala endaweni lapho iZika idluliselwa khona endaweni yangakini noma ugcine ukuhamba ezindaweni ezinjalo ngenkathi ukhulelwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukuthola umiyane. Nazi ezinye izeluleko okufanele uzikhumbule:
- Ama-bug repellents anciphisa ingozi ukuthi uzothola kancane. I-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ibamba ithuluzi lokusesha elinquma ukuthi yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kwezigciwane okulungile kuwe. Futhi i-CDC itusa ukuthi ukuze uzivikele ku-Zika, kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-repellents a-EPA abhalisiwe. (I-EPA-iziphazamisi ezibhalisiwe zihlolwe ukuphumelela.) Uma usebenzisa i-bug repellent, landela izinkomba ngokulandelana bese uphinde usebenzise uma kudingeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma usebenzisa isikrini selanga, sebenzisa isikrini selanga ngaphambi kwesiguli esiphelile.
- Ungavimbela nokuthola umlingo ngokususa wonke amanzi amile endaweni yakho yokuhlala. I-Aedes aegypti , uhlobo lomiyane olusabalalisa kakhulu igciwane leZika, luthanda ukuzala ezitsheni ezenziwe ngabantu noma eziqukethe amanzi, njengezinambuzane, amathanga okudoba, izitsha zezilwane, amabhakede, ama-flowerpots kanye namathayi. Lezi zinyosi zibeka amaqanda azo eceleni kwalezi ziqukathi futhi amaqanda anamathela kubo njengeglue. Ukuze ususe amaqanda, kudingeka adutshulwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la maqanda angaphila izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili uma esomile. Uma amanzi ekugcineni ehlanganisa amaqanda, amaqanda aphuza futhi abe abantu abadala cishe ngesonto. Uma kufanele ulondoloze amanzi amabhodlela noma ezinye iziqukathi zokusetshenziswa noma ukusetshenziswa kamuva, qiniseka ukuthi lezi ziqukathi zivalwe kahle.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, uma ungahlali endaweni lapho isifo se-Zika sisakazeka-ngamanye amagama, iningi lama-United States-kufanele ugweme ukuhamba ezindaweni lapho iZika isakazeka uma ukhulelwe noma ucabanga ngokukhulelwa. Lezi zindawo zihlanganisa iMexico, i-Bahamas, iDominican Republic, iBrazil, i-Fiji, i-American Samoa, nokunye okuningi. I-CDC inikeza ibalazwe eligcwele kuwo wonke amazwe lapho iZika idluliselwa khona endaweni yangakini.
Sicela uhlale ukhumbule ukuthi igciwane leZika litholakale lidluliselwa ezindaweni ezimbalwa eziyingxenye ye-United States, futhi. Ngokuqondile, abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bagweme ukuhamba e-US Virgin Islands, ePuerto Rico, eMiami naseBrownsville, eTexas.
Ukutheleleka Kuzocansi
I-virus ye-Zika nayo ingadluliselwa ngezocansi zangasese, zangasese, nezomlomo. Kungasakazeka futhi besebenzisa amathoyizi wezocansi. Amakhondomu anganciphisa ithuba lokutheleleka. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi i-Zika virus ingadluliselwa kusuka komuntu oyedwa kuya kwesinye ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu, ngesikhathi sokugula, ngisho nangemva kokuba izimpawu zidlule.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iZika nayo ingadluliselwa kumuntu otheleleke kodwa engenayo izimpawu. I-CDC incoma ukuba kulabo abasengozini yokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, amakhondomu asetshenziswe kahle-kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekupheleni-njalo lapho kutholakala khona ngokobulili besifazane, isilwane noma umlomo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, abesifazane abakhulelwe bangakwazi ukuya ocansini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabo bonke.
Ukukhulelwa kokuhlela
Kulabo besifazane abaye bahamba endaweni lapho iZika isakazeka khona noma baye balala ngaphandle kwekhondomu nomuntu osuleleke ngegciwane leZika, kubalulekile ukulinda okungenani amasonto ayisishiyagalombili ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Izimpawu zegciwane leZika zingahlala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya kwesonto.
Kulabo besifazane abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kubalulekile ukulinda okungenani amasonto ayisishiyagalolunye emva kokuqala izimpawu ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Amadoda kufanele alinde okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha emva kokutheleleka noma ekugcineni ukutholakala ngaphambi kokufaka owesifazane owesifazane ngokwesaba ukudlulisa igciwane.
Izwi elivela
Uma wena nomlingani wakho uhlala endaweni lapho igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lidluliselwa khona futhi lihlelwe ngokukhulelwa, sicela uxoxe ngokukhetha kwakho nodokotela wakho. Ekugcineni, izinqumo mayelana nokukhulelwa endaweni lapho iZika isakazwa khona ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ziyimfihlo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo ziyahlukahluka emibhangqwaneni ibe yimbhangqwana, yingakho ukululekwa kuyisihluthulelo. Udokotela othembekile noma umnakekeli wezempilo angakusiza ekuqondiseni inqubo yokwenza izinqumo. Uma uhlala endaweni lapho iZika isakazwa khona, ungase ufune ukubambezeleka ukukhulelwa.
> Imithombo
> Cragen, JD, et al. Ukuqhathaniswa okuyisisekelo kweziNkinga zokuzalwa ezihlobene ne-Congenital Zika Virus Infection - eMassachusetts, eNorth Carolina nase-Atlanta, eGeorgia, ngo-2013-2014. Ukulimala nokufa Ukubika ngeviki. 2017; 66 (8): 219-222.
> Iqembu le-Editor le-DynaMed. I-Zika virus ekukhulelweni naseZika syndrome yokuzalwa. Kugcine ukubuyekezwa ngo-2017 Januwari 30. Itholakala ku-DynaMed: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed.
> Imihlahlandlela yesikhashana yabesifazane abakhulelwe Ngesikhathi sokuqothuka kwe-Virus Zika - United States, 2016. Maviki onke. NgoJanuwari 22, 2016; 65 (2): 30-33. www.cdc.gov.
> Zika, ummiyane, kanye namanzi aManzi. Ibhulogi yezindaba zomphakathi zomphakathi. Ngo-Mashi 22, 2016. https://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/2016/03/zikaandwater/
> I-virus ye-Zika. Izifo Nezimo. www.Floridahealth.gov