Ukuqubuka kuka-2016 kuveza ingozi yokutheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
I-virus ye-Zika yisifo esingenakulinganiswa esasakazwa ngukulunywa kweminyamane. Ngenkathi ukutheleleka okuningi kuzobangela ukuthi bambalwa, uma kukhona, izimpawu, lesi sifo singaba nhlekelele uma sidluliselwa kusuka kumama kuya kwengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukukhubazeka okungaqondakali okuzalwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-microcephaly lapho ingane izalwa khona nenhloko encane nobuchopho obungavamile.
Ngokungaqondakali ngaphambi kuka-2015, igciwane leZika laphazamisa emhlabeni jikelele lapho ukuqubuka okukhulu kuphawula indlela yokutheleleka kusuka eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika kuze kufike eningizimu ye-United States ngo-2016.
I-Zika igciwane elisha kakhulu, okokuqala lihlukaniswe ne-monkey e-Uganda emuva ngo-1947. Nakuba ososayensi ekuqaleni bekholelwa ukuthi leli gciwane lalivinjelwe abantu abafana no-simian, ubufakazi bokuqala bokuqhamuka kwesilwane kuya kubantu babike ngo-1952. njengoba kubonakalisiwe ukuthi igciwane lalisungulwe kubantu ngaphambi kwalokho, lidlulile kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu ngokusebenzisa insizwa ye- Aedes aegypti , uhlobo olusakaze ezindaweni ezihlala ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Ngonyaka wezi-2015, ukutheleleka kokuqala kwe-hemisphere kubikwa eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil. Phakathi nesikhathi seminyaka emibili, izinga le-microcephaly esifundeni lalingene ezinkathini ezesabekayo. Ku-Columbia kuphela, amacala angaphansi kuka-476 aqinisekiswe ezindaweni ezingu-33 zokubhekwa (ukuhumusha kuya kwesinye icala ngokuzalwa kwaba 1 000).
Imiphumela efana nayo yabonakala eBrazil eyabika ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-3,000 zokubelethwa kwe-microcephalic ngokuqondile okuhlobene noZika.
Yilezizinkinga ezibuhlungu ezenza uhulumeni asebenzise izindlela zokulawula kangcono futhi afundise umphakathi ngezimpawu, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela lesi sifo esingaqondakali kakhulu.
Izimbangela Nezinhlekelele
I-virus ye-Zika iyilungu lomndeni wegciwane uFlaviviridae futhi lihlobene eduze nezinye izifo ezithwala umiyane ezifana ne- dengue fever ne- yellow fever . Idluliselwa kusuka komuntu kumuntu ngenye yezindlela ezintathu:
- Ngumlingo ukuluma emlonyeni we- Aedes aegypti
- Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho sidluliselwa kumama othelelekile uye emntwaneni wakhe ongakazalwa
- Ngesikhathi socansi olungasondelwe, ubulili, noma obudala
Kuthatha kuphela ukulunywa okukodwa ukuze utheleleke.
Ngokuphathelene nokudluliswa ngokocansi , igciwane liyakwazi ukuphikelela emzimbeni lapho lingakwazi khona ukwenza kanjalo ematheni noma ekusithekeni kwesifazane. Ngenxa yalokho, iZika isadluliselwa kakhulu kumuntu kuya komuntu kunomunye uhlangothi.
Izimpawu
Kubantu abadala kanye nezingane, iZika izovame ukudala ukugula okuncane, okuzimele noma okungenayo izimpawu nhlobo. Uma izimpawu zikhula, zingabonakala sengathi ziwumkhuhlane nomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bekhanda, ubuhlungu bomzimba nobuhlungu, futhi mhlawumbe ukuqhuma. Izimpawu zivame ukusula zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyisikhombisa kanye nanoma yibuphi ubufakazi begciwane.
Le ndaba ihluke ngokuphelele uma ukudluliswa kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, i-fetus ekhulayo ingathinteka, iholele ekukhulelweni kwesisu, ukubeletha, noma, ezimweni ezingavamile, ukukhubazeka kokuzala okubeletha. Okubaluleke nakakhulu kwalokhu kuyi- microcephaly .
I-microcephaly yisifo esibucayi esibonakala ukukhubazeka okuphelele, okufaka:
- Ukuzizwa
- Ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa
- Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
- Izinkinga ngokunyakaza nokulinganisela
- Izinkinga zokudla
- Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa
- Izinkinga zembono
Ubukhulu bezimpawu buhlobene kakhulu nobukhulu obuncitshiwe benhloko nengqondo yengane. Abaningi abazalwa nge-microcephaly ngeke babe nezimpawu zokuzalwa kodwa bahlaselwe isifo sofuba, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, nezinye izinkinga kamuva ekuphileni. Kwezinye izimo, ingane ingase ithuthuke ngokujwayelekile.
Ingozi ye-microcephaly inkulu kakhulu phakathi ne-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukutheleleka kweZika okwenzeka ngesikhathi sesibili noma yesithathu kuyimingcele encane.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukutheleleka kwe-Zika kungatholakala ukuthi kunezivivinyo ezingakwazi ukubona ngokuqondile imvelo noma ngokungaqondile ziqinisekisa ubufakazi bokutheleleka Inqubo yokuhlola ingahluka kodwa kuvame ukubandakanya ukuhlolwa okuhlukene okusetshenziselwa okulandelayo:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Nucleic acid (NAT) isetshenziselwa ukubona ubufakazi bezakhi zofuzo zeZika. Ukuhlola kwe-NAT kuzokwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kokubili isampula segazi kanye nomchamo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Immunoglobulin M (IgM) kusetshenziselwa ukuthola amaprotheni, awaziwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies , akhiqizwa ngumzimba ekuphenduleni ukutheleleka kweZika. Isivivinyo sisekelwe egazini futhi ngokuvamile siyakwazi ukuthola ama-antibodies ezinsukwini ezine kokuvela kwezimpawu.
Izincomo zokuhlola
Nakuba ukutholakala kokutheleleka kweZika kuyinto elula, akuwona wonke umuntu. Ukuhlolwa okwamanje kunconywa kulabo abalandelayo abasengozini kuphela:
- Noma yikuphi umuntu onokwemvelo okholelwa ukuthi uthola igciwane noma ngezocansi ezingalondekile noma ukuhamba kwamuva kuya esifundeni lapho iZika ikhona khona
- Noma yimuphi owesifazane okhulelwe wayekholelwa ukuthi uthola igciwane ngenxa yokuhamba kwamuva ukuya esifundeni esiphelele noma ubulili obungavimbelwe nomuntu osanda kubuya esifundeni esiphelele
Uhlolo alukhuthazwa kubantu abangabonakali abakhulelwe noma njengendlela yokuhlola kuqala.
Ukwelapha
Ayikho ukwelashwa kokutheleleka kweZika. Izimpawu ezinamandla zingaphathwa nge-Tylenol (i-acetaminophen).
Ukuvimbela
Akukho mgomo wokuvimbela noma ukwelapha igciwane leZika. Ngakho-ke, imizamo yayizogxila ekuvimbeleni izifo ezithathelwana umiyane nokunciphisa ingozi yokudluliswa ngokocansi.
Uma uhlala noma uhambela izindawo lapho igciwane lesandulela ngculaza likhona khona, imizamo yokuvikela ingabandakanya:
- Ukusebenzisa i-insecte repellent
- Ukugqoke izingubo zokuzivikela
- Ukulala ngaphansi kwenetha lokungcosana
- Ukuqeda amanzi amile lapho omiyane bekwazi khona ukuzala
- Ukuvala amawindi namavents nokusebenzisa isimo se-air conditioning
- Ukuhlola izeluleko zezempilo zokuhamba lapho uhlela uhambo
Ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuchayeka ngokocansi, amakhondomu kufanele asetshenziswe uma umlingani wakho esanda kubuya esifundeni esiphelele. Isikhathi singase sibe amasonto ayisishiyagalombili uma kungenayo izimpawu noma nje ezinyangeni eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu uma zikhona. I-repellent yezinambuzane kufanele isetshenziswe okungenani amasonto amathathu ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwabantu-umuthi-umuntu.
Izwi elivela
Njengokwesabisa sengathi igciwane leZika lingabonakala, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuthola ukulunywa umiyane akusho ukuthi uzothola igciwane noma ukuthi ingane yakho engakazalwa izolimazwa. Eqinisweni, iningi labantu abakhulelwe abathintekile abaholeli ukukhubazeka noma ukulimala kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo.
Ngokumane ukwazi izinto ezibeka engozini, wena nomlingani wakho ungathatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokugwema ukutheleleka futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ingane yakho izalwa ngokuphepha.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. "Izivivinyo zokuxilonga ze-Virus Zika." I-Atlanta, Georgia; ibuyekezwe ngo-February 28, 2018.
> Gubler, D .; Vasilakis, N .; kanye no-Musso, D. "Umlando nokuvulwa kwe-Virus Zika." I-Disfect Dis Dis. 2017; 216 (I-Suppl 10): S86-S867. I-DOI: 10.1093 / infdis / jix451.
> Oster, A .; Brooks, J .; Stryker, J. et al. "Iziqondiso Zesikhashana Zokuvimbela Ukudluliswa Ngokobulili Zika Virus - United States, 2016." I- MMWR. 2016; 65 (5): 120-1. I-DOI: 10.15585 / mmwr.mm6505e1.