Nakuba izimpawu zivame ukuba mncane, izinkinga zingase zibe nzima
Ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, okubizwa nangokuthi i-Zika fever noma isifo se-Zika, ngokuvamile kubangela izimpawu ezincane, ezihamba isikhathi eside noma azikho izimpawu nhlobo. Uma izibonakaliso zokutheleleka zivela, zivame ukungenazo futhi ziphutha kalula ngenxa yokubandayo noma umkhuhlane. Ngokuphambene, ukutheleleka kokubeletha (ukudluliselwa kumama kuya komntwana ngesikhathi ukhulelwe) kungaba okungathí sina kakhulu futhi kuholele ekutheni kube nokukhubazeka okubelethayo okubizwa ngokuthi i-microcephaly.
Izimpawu Ezivamile
Ngokusho kocwaningo olwanyatheliswa eNew England Journal of Medicine, cishe amaphesenti angama-80 ezokutheleleka kwe-Zika ngeke asebenze ngokuphelele (ngaphandle kwempawu). Uma izimpawu zivela, zivame ukufaka:
- Umkhuhlane omncane
- Ubuhlungu obuhlangene (i-arthralgia)
- I-muscle ache (i-myalgia)
- I-pink (i- conjunctivitis )
- Izinwele
- I-lymph nodes (i- lymphadenopathy )
- Ukuqhuma okumanzi okubonakalayo okuvezwe ngamabhomu amancane, abomvu
Izimpawu zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kweyisikhombisa emva kokulunywa ngunyosi ogulayo bese zicacile zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyisikhombisa. Ngenkathi igciwane leZika likwazi ukuhlukaniswa nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane ngenxa yokungabikho kwempawu zokuphefumula (njengokukhwehlela noma ukugcoba), ukutheleleka kungaqinisekiswa kuphela ngokuhlanganiswa kokuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nomchamo.
Izinkinga ze-Infection
Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukutheleleka kwe-Zika kungaholela esimweni esibi esibizwa ngokuthi i- Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) lapho isimiso somzimba somuntu sihlasela amangqamuzana akhe omzimba.
Nakuba isimo sibhekwa singavamile, singabangela ukuqina kwesandla nangemilenze futhi, lapho kwenzeka kakhulu, ukukhubazeka kwemisipha elawula ukuphefumula.
Ezingxenyeni ezingamaphesenti angama-50, i-GBS izokhula kubantu abaye baba nesifo eside sezimpawu ze-Zika, imfiva enkulu, ehlala ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-15.
Izimpawu ze-GBS ngokwayo zingaphikelela amasonto ngisho nezinyanga. Nakuba iningi labantu lizophola ngokugcwele, abanye bangase babe nomonakalo onomphela wokuguga. Abantu abambalwa kakhulu abafa ngo-GBS.
Microcephaly ezinganeni
Ngenkathi igciwane leZika lingavumeli ukugula okungathí sina kubantu abadala noma izingane, imiphumela yokutheleleka ingaba yimbi kakhulu uma isakazwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqala kokubeletha, ukutheleleka kungabangela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa okubizwa ngokuthi i- microcephaly lapho ingane izalwa khona nenhloko encane nobuchopho.
I-microcephaly ingabangela ukuphuma kwezimpawu zomzimba, zezinzwa, nezentuthuko, kufaka phakathi:
- Ukufa kwesifo
- Ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa, kubandakanya nezinkinga zokukhuluma nezinye izinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa ezifana nokuhlala, ukuma, noma ukuhamba
- Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
- I-cerebral palsy
- Izinkinga zokudla, kuhlanganise nobunzima bokugwinya (i- dysphagia )
- Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa
- Izinkinga zokubona , kuhlanganise ne- glaucoma
- Ukukhula kanzima
I-microcephaly ingaba mnene noma inzima. Ubukhulu bezimpawu ngokuvamile buhlobene nobukhulu obuncitshiwe benhloko yomntwana. Kwezinye izimo, ingane izokhula ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kwezibonakaliso zokukhubazeka. Kwezinye, ukukhubazeka kungaba nzima futhi kuholele ekukhubazekeni konke okuphilayo kanye nokuphila okuncishisiwe.
Izingane ezizalwa nge-microcephaly zizohlolwa ngokucophelela ngisho noma zingekho izibonakaliso zangaphandle zokukhubazeka. Ezinye zezinkinga zesiphambeko, njenge-cerebral palsy noma isithuthwane, zingase zikhule kuphela ekuphileni kwamuva.
Ayikho ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kwe-microcephaly futhi akekho ongakwenza ukuze abuyisele ikhanda lomntwana ebukhulu bayo obujwayelekile. Ukusebenza ngokwemisebenzi, inkulumo, kanye nokwelashwa kungasetshenziswa ukusiza ukunqoba ukukhubazeka okukhulu, kanti imithi ingasiza ekulawuleni izifo nezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha.
Nini Ukubona Udokotela
Noma yimuphi umuntu oye wahamba noma ehlala esifundeni lapho igciwane lesandulela ngculazi likhona kufanele lihlolwe uma izimpawu zokutheleleka zivela.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma ukhulelwe.
I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ikhuthaza owesifazane okhulelwe ukuba ahlolwe amasonto amabili kuya kwangu-12 lapho ebuya esifundeni esiphelele. Labo abanezimpawu kufanele bahlolwe ngokushesha. Uma kungenzeka ukuthi uhlala esifundeni esiyingozi, kuzodingeka uhlolwe ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho kokuqala kokubeletha futhi phakathi nendawo yesibili yesithathu.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuthola ukulunywa umiyane kusho ukuthi ingane yakho izozalwa ngephutha lokuzalwa. Ngisho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil, indawo eyabanjwa kanzima yiZika ukuqubuka kowezi-2016, ingozi ye-microcephaly phakathi kwabesifazane abathintekile yagijima noma yikuphi amaphesenti owodwa kuya kuma-13%.
Ngenkathi igciwane lesandulela ngculazi kufanele liqiniseke ngokufanelekile, akufanele lidale ukwesaba. Ngezinyathelo zokuqapha ezifanele, wena nomndeni wakho kunganciphisa kakhulu izilinganiso zakho zokutheleleka ukuthi ngabe usekhaya nangaphandle.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). "Izinkinga Zokuzalwa: Amaqiniso Nge-microcephaly." E-Atlanta, eGeorgia; ibuyekeziwe ngomhla kaDisemba 7, 2017.
> CDC. "I-Virus Zika." Kubuyekezwe ngo-Februwari 22, 2018
> Duffy, M .; Chen, T .; Hancock, W. et al. "I-Zika virus igubhuke esiqhingini sase-Yap, amazwe aseFrance aseMelika." N. Engl J Med. 2009; 360: 2536-43, DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMoa0805715.
> Isikhungo saseYurophu seZifo Zokuvimbela Nokulawula. " Isifo se-Zika virus e-Americas: ukuhlangana okungenzeka ne-microcephaly no-Guillain-Barré syndrome (ukubuyekezwa kokuqala). " I-Stockholm, eSweden: i-ECDC; 2016.
> McCarthy, M. "Ingozi ye-microcephaly ne-Zika ukutheleleka ngu-1-13% ku-trimester yokuqala, imibukiso yesifundo. " BMJ. 2016; 353: i-3048. I-DOI: 10.1136 / bmj.i3048.