I-Hepatitis A, B, C, D, no-E
Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu ze-hepatitis egazini, A, B, C, D, ne-E, ngayinye ebangelwa i-hepatitis yegciwane ehlukile. Funda ukuthi ungathola ngayiphi yalezi zingciwane, ukuthi ungadlulisela kanjani kwabanye abantu, izifo ezibangela, kanye nokwelashwa.
I-hepatitis A
I-Hepatitis A ibangelwa ukudla nokudla namanzi okuphuza okufakwe igciwane elibizwa nge-HAV. Kungabuye kubangelwe ukuxhumana komlomo ngomlomo ngesikhathi socansi.
Nakuba kungabangela ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala esibindi, akuholeli ekungapheli, noma esikhathini eside, impilo. Cishe wonke umuntu othola i-hepatitis A uthola ngokugcwele. Kukhona umgomo wokushisa i-hepatitis A onganikwa izingane noma abantu abadala abasengozini. Ukusebenzisa ukuhlanzeka okuhle nokuhlanza izandla kunganciphisa ingozi yokuthola igciwane lesandulela ngculaza.
I-hepatitis B
I-Hepatitis B ibangelwa igciwane le-HBV. Isakazwa ngokuxhumana nomuntu wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, umuthi, noma omunye umthamo womzimba. Futhi, isifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STD) . Ungathola i-hepatitis B nge:
- Ukuba nobulili obuvikelekile (ukungasebenzisi ikhondomu) nomuntu onegciwane.
- Ukuhlanganyela izinaliti zezidakamizwa (izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni njenge-heroin ne-cocaine noma izidakamizwa zomthetho ezifana namavithamini nama-steroids).
- Ukuthola i-tattoo noma ukubhoboza umzimba ngezinaliti ezingcolile (ezingavamile) namathuluzi asetshenziswe komunye umuntu.
- Ukuthola ukuhlushwa ngenaliti ephethe igazi kulo (abasebenzi bezempilo bangathola isibindi B ngale ndlela).
- Ukwabelana nge-toothbrush, i-razor, noma ezinye izinto zangasese nomuntu onegciwane.
- Owesifazane osulelekile anganikeza isifo sofuzo esibhedlela sesibindi (Baby) ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma ngobisi lwebele.
- Ngokulunywa komunye umuntu.
Ngesifo sokushisa kwesibindi B, isibindi siphindaphinda. I-Hepatitis B ingaba isifo esibi kakhulu esingabangela ukulimala kwesibindi, okungabangela umdlavuza.
Abanye abantu abakwazi ukuqeda igciwane, okwenza ukutheleleka okungapheli, noma ukuphila isikhathi eside. Amabhange egazi ahlola wonke igazi elinikeziwe nge-hepatitis B, ekwehliseni kakhulu ingozi yokuthola igciwane ekumpompheni kwegazi noma ngemikhiqizo yegazi.
Kukhona umgomo we-hepatitis B futhi kunconywa wonke umuntu, kusuka ezinsaneni kuya kubantu abadala, ukuvimbela ukuthola lesi sifo.
I-Hepatitis C
I-Hepatitis C ibangelwa i-HCV yegciwane. Isakazwa ngendlela efanayo ne-hepatitis B, ngokuxhumana nomuntu wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, umuthi, noma umzimba omsulwa (bheka ngenhla). Njenga-hepatitis B, i- hepatitis C ibangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi futhi ingabangela ukulimala kwesibindi okungabangela umdlavuza. Abantu abaningi abane-hepatitis C bakhula ukutheleleka okungapheli. Lokhu kungaholela ekunqandeni kwesibindi, okuthiwa i-cirrhosis. Amabhange egazi ahlola wonke igazi elinikeziwe nge-hepatitis C, ekwehliseni kakhulu ingozi yokuthola igciwane ekumpompheni kwegazi noma ngemikhiqizo yegazi. Akukho mshanguzo we-hepatitis C. Udinga ukusebenzisa izixwayiso zomhlaba wonke ukuze ugweme ukutholakala kwegazi kanye nomzimba wamanzi, njengokungathi nge-HIV.
I-hepatitis D
I-hepatitis D ibangelwa i-HDV yegciwane. Ungathola i-hepatitis D kuphela uma usuleleke nge-hepatitis B. Isakazwa ngokuxhumana negazi elinegciwane, izinaliti ezingcolile ezine-HDV kubo, futhi ubulili obungavimbelwe (ukungasebenzisi ikhondomu) nomuntu one-HDV.
I-Hepatitis D ibangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi. Ukuvimbela i-hepatitis B ngokugonywa nokugwema ukuvezwa kwegazi nokuzimele komzimba kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukuthola i-hepatitis D.
I-hepatitis E
I-Hepatitis E ibangelwa igciwane le-HEV. Uthola i-hepatitis E ngamanzi okuphuza onegciwane. Lolu hlobo lwe-hepatitis aluvame ukuvela e-US Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi, kodwa akukho monakalo wesikhathi eside. Kungasakazeka futhi ngokuxhumana ngomlomo. Ayikho imithi yegciwane. Hlanganisa ukuhlanzeka okuhle futhi ugweme ukuphuza amanzi okupompi lapho uhamba emhlabeni wonke.
Umthombo:
> I-Hepatitis A ngokusebenzisa i-E (Viral Hepatitis) | I-NIDDK. Izikhungo zezempilo zikazwelonke. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/viral-hepatitis.