Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis B esebenzayo noma engapheli
I-hepatitis B surface antigen (i-HBsAg) ihlolwe igazi ukuze inqume ukuthi ngabe umuntu unesifo se-hepatitis B. Uma itholakala, kanye nama-antibodies othize, kusho ukuthi umuntu une- infection yesifo se- hepatitis B. Uma igazi lakho lihle kakhulu ku-HBsAg, kusho ukuthi usulelekile kulesigciwane futhi ungayidlulisela kwabanye abantu ngegazi lakho noma emzimbeni wakho.
I-hepatitis B
I-Hepatitis B yisifo esibi kakhulu esibindi esibangelwa igciwane le-hepatitis B (HBV). Kwabanye abantu, ukutheleleka kwesifo sofuba B kungapheli, okusho ukuthi kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ukuba ne-hepatitis B engapheli kwandisa ingozi yakho yokuhluleka kwesibindi, umdlavuza wesibindi noma isifo se-cirrhosis-isimo esibangela ukubola kwesibindi unomphela.
Abantu abaningi abanegciwane lesifo sofuba B njengoba abantu abadala belula ngokugcwele, ngisho noma izimpawu zabo nezimpawu zabo zinzima. Izinsana nezingane zingase zenzeke ukutheleleka okungapheli kwe-hepatitis B. Umuthi wokugoma ungavimbela ukushisa kwesibindi B, kodwa awukho ukwelashwa uma unayo. Uma usulelekile, ukuthatha izinyathelo ezithile zokuqapha kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalalisa i-HBV kwabanye.
Izimpawu
Izibonakaliso ze-hepatitis B, kusukela ekunciphiseni kuya ezinzima, kuvame ukuvela cishe ngemva kwezinyanga ezine emva kokuba usulelekile. Zingafaka:
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Umchamo omnyama
- Fever
- Ubuhlungu obuhlangene
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
- I-nausea nokuhlanza
- Ubuthakathaka nokukhathala
- I-Yellowing yesikhumba sakho nabomhlophe bamaso akho (i-jaundice)
Izimbangela
I-virus ye-Hepatitis B idluliselwa kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu ngegazi, umuthi noma ezinye izifo zomzimba.
Izindlela ezivamile i-HBV ezidluliselwayo zihlanganisa:
- Ukuxhumana ngokocansi. Ungase utheleleke uma unesondo esingavimbelwe nomlingani othelelekile ogama lakhe, i-saliva, i-semen, noma ukufihla kwamagciwane ukungena emzimbeni wakho.
- Ukwabelana kwezinaliti. I-HBV iyadluliselwa kalula ngokusebenzisa izinaliti nemivimbo engcolisiwe ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Ukwabelana ngezidakamizwa ezivuthayo (IV) kwezidakamizwa kukubeka engozini enkulu ye-hepatitis B.
- Izinduku zezinaliti zengozi. I-Hepatitis B ukukhathazeka kwabasebenzi bezempilo kanye nanoma ubani omunye oxhumana negazi lomuntu.
- Umama kuya komntwana. Abesifazane abakhulelwe abane-HBV bangadlulisela igciwane ezinganeni zabo ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Kodwa-ke, umntwana osanda kuzalwa angagonywa ukuze agweme ukutheleleka cishe kuwo wonke amacala. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-hepatitis B uma ukhulelwe noma ufuna ukukhulelwa.
Uma unesimo esihle se-HBsAg, igazi lakho namanzi omzimba wakho aqukethe igciwane futhi ungayithumela kwabanye.
Okuningi mayelana ne-HBsAg
I-HBsAg, ekhishwa ezinyangeni ezine kuya kweziyisithupha ngezifo ezilinganiselwe (izifo ezizixazulula ngokwazo), zingatholakala egazini phakathi kokubili izifo ezimbi (izifo ezitholakala ngokuzumayo) nezifo ezingelapheki (izifo ezihlala isikhathi eside izinyanga eziyisithupha). Ngaphandle kwezibonakaliso nezimpawu ukuthi isiguli sinakho, ama-antibodies engeziwe angalingwa ukuze ahlukanise phakathi kwezifo ezinzima nezigciwane.
Esikhathini segciwane le-hepatitis B yi-DNA, equkethe izakhi zofuzo ezisetshenziswayo ukuze ziziphendulele.
Ukuzungeze i-DNA yiprotheni ebizwa nge-HBcAG (i-hepatitis B core antigen), engatholakali ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. Okuzungeze lokhu yi-HBsAg, okuyinto empeleni ingxenye ye "invilophu" evikelayo. Le imvilophu iyakhela igciwane futhi ivikeleke ekuhlaselweni yisimiso somzimba womzimba. Kodwa-ke, isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba siphumelele ekufinyeleleni le mvulophu ukuze kubulawe igciwane. Uma kuyenzeka, izinsalela zomprotheyini we-surface anti zishiywe egazini njengemifucumfucu, okuyizivivinyo zelabhu ezingayithola.
Izivivinyo zokuhlola ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis B
Igazi lakho lingase lihlolwe i-HBV ngezizathu eziningi ezahlukene. Izivivinyo ezintathu zifaka phakathi i-HBsAg, i-antibody ku-HBsAg, ne-antibody ku-hepatitis B core antigen.
Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukwazi ukuthi ungazuza yini ngokugoma, noma uma une-hepatitis B esebenzayo noma engapheli futhi udinga ukululekwa, ukunakekelwa noma ukwelashwa.
Ungase uhlolwe njalo uma ukhulelwe, unikela ngegazi noma izicubu, udinga ukwelashwa okungenayo i-immunosuppressive, noma ube nesifo sokuqeda isiteleka sokuphela. Uzohlolwa futhi uma ukhona ngamaqembu asengozini enkulu ye-HBV.
> Umthombo:
> I-Hepatitis B Imibuzo Yabaqeqeshi bezeMpilo. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hbv/hbvfaq.htm.