I-antihistamines yesibili yesizukulwane ngokuvamile ikhethwa.
I-Histamine yikhemikhali ekhishwe ngamangqamuzana ahlanzekile emzimbeni (njengama- mast cells nama- basophils ), ngokuvamile ephendula i-allergen efana ne-cat dander noma impova.
Uma i-histamine ikhishwa ngamangqamuzana ahlanzekile emphunjini nasamehlo, umphumela uyadumala, impumu egijimayo, amehlo anamehlo / ikhala / umphimbo, ukuxubana kwamasongo, nokudonsa umzimba ngemuva. Lezi izimpawu ze-hay fever, eyaziwa nangokuthi i- rhinitis ye-allergen .
Ama-antihistamine ayimithi evimbela i-receptor ye-histamine, ngaleyo ndlela igweme izimpawu ezibangelwa i-histamine. Ama-antihistamine ayimithi evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuphatha i-rhinitis ye-allergen.
Iziphi Izibonelo Zama-Antihistamine?
Ama-antihistamine amadala, okuthiwa ama-antihistamine wesizukulwane sokuqala, afaka:
- I-Benadryl (i-diphenhydramine)
- I-Chlor-Trimeton (i-chlorpheniramine)
- I-Atarax / i-Vistaril (i-hydroxyzine)
Lezi antihistamine zinemiphumela emibi emibi ebizwa ngokuthi "anticholinergic" imiphumela emibi, engabandakanya umlomo omile, ukulala, ukuqothulwa nokugcinwa kwamanzi. Ngenxa yemiphumela emibi yale mithi, ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengendawo yokudlulela kakhulu ukuze isebenzise ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.
Ngakho-ke, lesi sihloko sizoxoxa kuphela ngama-antihistamine amasha, njengoba kuchaziwe ngezansi.
Ama-antihistamine amasha, okuthiwa ama-antihistamines wesizukulwane sesibili afaka:
- I-Clarinex (desloratadine)
- UClaritin, u-Alavert, ama-generic ahlukahlukene (i-loratadine)
- I-Xyzal (levocetirizine)
Lezi antihistamine ezintsha zivame ukuba nemiphumela emibi ye-anticholinergic ngakho-ke kuthiwa yi-"low-sedating" noma "engekho ukuhlala".
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i- montelukast (i-Singulair), akuyona i-antihistamine, kodwa kunalokho imithi ye-antileukotriene.
Ama-leukotrienes amakhemikhali akhishwe ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-alergic and immune cells futhi angabangela izibonakaliso zokungezwani komzimba, ngokuyinhloko ukucinana kwesisu.
Iziphi Izimpawu Ze-Hay Fever Ingabe Ama-Antihistamine Awaphatha?
Ama-antihistamine avimbela isenzo se-histamine, futhi izimpawu eziphathelene ne-histamine zihlanganisa:
- sneezing
- ikhala eligijima
- amehlo anamehlo
- Iphunga elimnandi
- izindlebe ezimbi
- umphimbo obabazayo
Ezinye izibonakaliso, kuhlanganise nokudonsa okumanzi, ukukhwehlela nokuxubana komzimba nakho kungabangelwa i-histamine, ngakho-ke kungaphathwa ngama-antihistamine.
Noma kunjalo, i-antihistamines ngokuvamile ayisebenziseki kangako ekwelapheni izimpawu zokugcoba emva komzimba kanye neziswini zokumanyanisa, ngoba amanye amakhemikhali ngaphandle kwe-histamine angabandakanyeka.
Iphi i-Antihistamine esebenza kahle kakhulu?
Impendulo yalo mbuzo isekelwe ngokuphelele ekuhlangenwe nakho kwami nemibono njenge-allergenist eqinisekiswe yibhodi. Izifundo zisiza kakhulu ekunqumeni ukuthi imiphi imithi esebenza kahle, kodwa futhi kumele igcinwe engqondweni ukuthi iyiphi inkampani ekhokha isifundo.
Ngombono wami ukuthi iZyrtec ne-Allegra zihambisana kakhulu, futhi ama-antihistamine amahle kakhulu. Ngicabanga ukuthi le mithi isebenza kangcono kunokuba nguClaritin noma uClarinex. Ngesikhathi samanje, nginomuzwa wokuthi iZyrtec yiyona antihistamine engcono kakhulu etholakalayo e-US yokwelapha i-rhinitis ye-allergen.
Iphi i-Antihistamine Ebangelwa Isamba Esibi Sokubheka?
Isihloko sedation sibalulekile. Ukuzijabulisa kusho umqondo wokuthi othile uzizwa ekhathele. Lokhu kuhluke kunokukhubazeka, okubhekisela kumqondo wokuthi ikhono lomuntu ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukene yengqondo nengokwenyama kuthinteka.
I-antihistamine engewona kuphela ehlala ekhona manje iyatholakala i-Allegra. I-Zyrtec ibangela ukuguqulwa kwamaphesenti amahlanu kuya kweyishumi kune-placebo. UClaritin noClarinex bangela ukudedelwa okuncane. Ayikho yalezi zi-antihistamine zesizukulwane sesibili, uma zisetshenziselwa ukulinganiswa kokunciphisa i-rhinitis ye-allergen, ziye zaboniswa ukuthi zibangele ukukhubazeka.
Lokhu kuqhathaniswa nama-antihistamine amadala, afana no-Benadryl, awaziwa kakhulu ukuthi angabangela ukukhubazeka kwemisebenzi yengqondo nemzimba.
> Imithombo:
> I-Allegra ibeka imininingwane. Aventis Pharmaceuticals.
> I-Zyrtec ibeka ulwazi. Pfizer Pharmaceuticals.
> Wallace DV et al. Ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwe-rhinitis: i-parameter yokusebenza ebuyekeziwe. J Allergy Clin Immunol . 2008 Aug; 122 (2 Suppl): S1-84.