I-Histamine yilezi zimakhemikhali ezitholakala futhi zikhishwe ngamaseli amancane angabangela izimpawu ezithile kuye ngokuthi yingxenye yomzimba lapho ukukhululwa kwe-histamine kwenzeka khona:
- Iphunga: impumu egijima
- Amehlo: amahle, amanzi
- Inhlanzi: ibuhlungu, ibuhlungu
- Ukubola: ukugubha , ukuqina kwesifuba , ukuphefumula , nokukhwehlela
I-Histamine isebenza kanjani
Umlando ungumlamuleli womzimba womzimba noma, ngokumane nje, isithunywa samakhemikhali esisiza ukuqondisa impendulo yomzimba wakho kummangali wangaphandle.
I-Histamine itjela izindlela zokuzivikela zemvelo zomzimba wakho ukuthi ungasabela kanjani kulokho okubona ukuthi ungaphandle. E-asthma nokungezwani komzimba, umzimba wakho uphelela ngokweqile okuthile okungeyona into eyingozi kodwa kubangele ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho asabele. I-Histamine isebenza njengezimoto zokuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zesistimu yomzimba.
E-asthma, i-histamine ikhuthaza ukonakala kwesibindi nokukhiqizwa kwe-mucus.
Kuvelaphi Umlando?
I-Histamine ikhishwa kuma-mast cell kanye nase- basophils uma uthola izifo. Lapho i-histamine ikhishwa, impendulo ye-allergen iqala. Izidakamizwa ze-Antihistamine zisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa izimpawu zokugula ezibangelwa ukukhululwa kwe-histamine. Ezinye izidakamizwa ezithandwayo zokulwa ne-histamine zihlanganisa:
- I-Zyrtec
- I-Allegra
- Claritin
- Benadryl
I-Leukotriene Ukuguqula Izidakamizwa
Esinye isigaba sezidakamizwa ezibhekisela eminye yemiphumela ye-histamine yizinguquko ze-leukotriene.
Lezi zidakamizwa zinciphisa ukwenziwa kwe-bronchoconstriction nokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucus kanye nokunciphisa ngokweqile i-edema noma ukuvuvukala kanye nokwenziwa kwama-eosinophil njengengxenye ye- pathophysiology ye-asthma.
Lezi zidakamizwa zibekezeleleke kakhulu iziguli futhi izifundo eziningi zibika ukunamathela kangcono kulolukwelapha uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye zokwelapha izifo.
Iningi lamalebula abo okudakamizwa batusa ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamapayipi ngezikhathi ezithile, okumele kube yingxenye yecebo lakho lokunakekela i-asthma. Ukwengeza, kuye kwaba khona ukuxhumana okuphawulekayo ne-bloodfarner ye-warfarin kanye nezinguquko zokuziphatha ezivezwe entsheni. Ngenkathi ukucindezeleka kubonakala kuvame ukwelashwa kwentsha, kwakungekho ukwanda kwezokuzibulala eziziwayo.
Ucwaningo oluningi lubonise umphumela we-bronchodilatory kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezibonakaliso ze-asthma. Ezinye izinyathelo ezibalulekile zomphumela zibheke ukusetshenziswa kwe- inhalers yokunciphisa, nokunciphisa ukuqhuma kwesifuba kanye neziqephu ezidinga i-oral steroids njenge- prednisone . Kodwa-ke, lezi zidakamizwa azibonakali ziphumelela njenge-steroids engatholakali nge-asthma yakho. Ucwaningo oluningana luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wamaphaphu kuphakeme kakhulu nge-steroids engatholakali, ukucindezeleka okuncane kunokwenzeka, futhi iziguli zithola izinsuku eziningi ezingenazo izimpawu. Ngenxa yalokho, imihlahlandlela kazwelonke iphakamisa ngokucacile ukuthi i-steroids engatholakali njengokwelashwa kokuqala komugqa uma udinga okungaphezulu kokusinda kwe-inhaler.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukunamathela ngesineke kuma-steroid okuxilisiwe kuhloswe kakhulu, futhi ucwaningo oluningi lubonise ukunamathela kokubekezela okunamandla kune-montelukast eyodwa-nsuku zonke uma kuqhathaniswa ne-steroids engenayo ngaphakathi kokubili izingane nabantu abadala.
Abazali bavame ukukhathazeka ngemiphumela emibi ye-steroids engatholakali futhi ngokuvamile baqondiswa odokotela.
Ukunamathela okuphakeme kwe-montelukast kungase kuchaze imiphumela yayo ezuzisayo ekulawuleni isifo se-asthma kulabo abakwaGC abakhulelwe kwezinye izifundo "zezwe langempela". Naphezu kokubaluleka kwalolu daba ekwenzeni imitholampilo, ikakhulukazi igxilwe ekuhlolweni kwemithi, izifundo eziholela ekuvunyweni kwezidakamizwa yi-FDA, ngokuba nezixhumanisi zokufunda zihlinzeka ngezikhumbuzo ezijwayelekile ezigulini futhi ngokungafaki lezo ziguli ezitholwa ngokubambelela (njengoba kubhalwe ngabaqapheli be-elektroniki eyakhiwe kumadivayisi we-inhaler) ayimpofu.
Kubuye kubonakale ukuthi odokotela bokunakekelwa okuyinhloko bavame ukubeka i-steroids engatholakali. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-steroids engathinta kanjani i-effectious ingabe isetshenziswa, izidingo zabo ezenzweni zomhlaba zangempela zikhawulelwe ngokulingana nokulondeka.
Ngenkathi kungewona okhethweni olukhethwe ngokusekelwe kumhlahlandlela we-asthma wamanje, i-leukotriene modifiers yindlela ezwakalayo njengomphathi we-line wokuqala wokulawula iziguli ezingeke zithathe noma azikwazi ukubekezelela i-steroids engatholakali. Ukuqinisekiswa kwalendlela kuxhaswa isilingo okuthiwa "pragmatic" esenzelwe iziguli ezingu-306 eziphethwe imikhuba yokunakekelwa okuyinhloko, lapho i-montelukast iboniswe ukuthi ingafaniswa ne-steroids engatholakali njengokwelashwa kokulawula umugqa wokuqala.
> Imithombo
> Busse et al. I-low-dose fluticasone propionate iqhathaniswa ne-montelukast yokwelashwa kokuqala kwe-asthma ephikisanayo: Isivivinyo somtholampilo esingahleliwe. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 107: 461-8
> Inhliziyo kaZwelonke, iLung, ne-Blood Institute. Umbiko wePhaneli Wabachwepheshe 3 (EPR3): Izinkombandlela Zokuthola Ukuhlolwa Nokuphathwa Kwe-Asthma
> I-Scaparotta A et al. I-Montelukast ngokumelene ne-corticosteroids ekwanyakanyisiwe ekuphathweni kwe-asthma ephikisanayo ephikisayo yabantwana. I-Multidiscip Respir Med. 2012; 7 (1): 13.