I-American Optometric Association (AOA) ikhuthaza abazali ukuthi bahlanganise uhambo oluya ku-optometrist ohlwini lwabantwana abahlola kahle. Izivivinyo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kwezingu-12 zinganquma ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo kombono. Ukutholakala kokuqala kwezimiso zeso kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho inombono onempilo yentuthuko ephumelelayo, manje nasesikhathini esizayo.
Odokotela bezingane benza ukuhlolwa kwezilwane ezivivinyweni ukuze bahlole izifo noma izinkinga zesakhiwo ngamehlo: amajwabu angenalwazi, i-cataracts, i- glaucoma , noma ezinye izinto ezingavamile. Nakuba amehlo omntwana ahlolwe ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlela ukuhlolwa kweso kumntanakho.
Ngisiphi isikhathi okufanele ingane yami ikwazi ukuyihlola?
Ngenkathi i-AOA incoma ukuthi izingane zihlolwe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala , udokotela wezingane uzokusiza ukuthi unqume isikhathi esifanele sokuvakasha kokuqala kwengane yakho. Kuyincoma enhle ukuthi ube nesilingo esengeziwe sokuhlolwa eminyakeni emithathu ubudala bese uphinde uhambe cishe emihlanu noma eyisithupha , okuvame ukuzungeza isikole esikoleni esisemthethweni.
Kungani Izingane Zami Zidinga Ukuhlolwa Kwamehlo?
Ngisho nabazali abahlakaniphile kunzima kakhulu ukwahlulela ukuthi kubonakala kanjani ukuthi umbono wabo wengane uhle. Ukuba nokuhlolwa kwamehlo kuhilelekile kakhulu kunokufunda izincwadi zeshadi leso, futhi izingane azikhulumi kakhulu nhlobo uma zilambile futhi zikhathele.
I- optometrist eqeqeshiwe noma i-ophthalmologist ingakwazi ukuhlola umbono wengane yakho ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kokuba ingane yakho isho igama. Izinsana nezingane ezincane zidinga ukuhlolwa kwamehlo ngoba labo abanezinkinga ezinkulu ezingase bangakutholakali bangaqondiswa ngaphambi kokuba baphenduke into engakwazi ukulungiswa. Uhlelo lwe-neural lwezingane luyinkimbinkimbi, futhi lusakhula kuze kube yiminyaka engu-7-8 ubudala.
Izinkinga ezingasetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka engu-7 noma engu-8 zingagcina impilo yombono, izinkinga zomphakathi noma zomsebenzi.
Kwenzekani Ngesikhathi I-Eye Exam Yezingane?
Ukuhlolwa kweso lokusana kufana nalokhu okwenziwa kubantu abadala. Nokho, kulula kancane. Kunezinhloso ezintathu udokotela azama ukuzenza ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwehlosana lomntwana:
- Lawula inani elibalulekile lokubhekwa phambili, ukubhekwa, noma i-astigmatism
- Lawula imisipha yamehlo nezinkinga ze-binocular njenge- strabismus
- Ukulawula izifo zeso kuhlanganise nokutholakala kwe-cataracts engavamile, ukuphazamiseka kwe-retinal, nama-tumor
Udokotela uzohlola umlando wezokwelapha wengane, umbono, imisipha yamehlo nezakhiwo zamehlo. Udokotela uzoqaphela indlela ingane egxile ngayo, nokuthi ngabe noma bobabili amehlo abasebenza ndawonye njengeqembu. Kuvamile ukuthi izinsana zingatholi isikhathi eside sinobinocularity (kokubili amehlo asebenza ndawonye) kuze kube yinyanga eneminyaka engu-4-6. Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase ubone iso elilodwa liphuma noma kokubili amehlo awela. Kufanele kube mfushane futhi hhayi njalo. Udokotela wakho uzohlola lokhu ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kokubili amehlo awela ngaphansi kwezigaba ezivamile.
Nakuba umntwana engakwazi ukunikeza noma yikuphi ukuphawula "okuzithobayo" kule minyaka, udokotela angenza izivivinyo eziningana ezizohlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nokubona kwengane.
- Udokotela uhlola umbono wengane. Ingabe usana lusabela lapho ukukhanya kukhanya emehlweni? Ingabe ingane izobukeka ubuso noma ilandele ithoyizi elihambayo? Okunye, ukuhlolwa kombono okungavamile kungasetshenziswa uma kudingekile.
- Udokotela uhlanza okwesikhashana abafundi ngokuhlanza amaconsi. Udokotela wezilanga uzosebenzisa insimbi yokuhlola amehlo omntwana ngephutha lokubhuka, njengokungaboni kahle, ukubhekwa phambili noma i-astigmatism ngaphandle kwengane noma ingane isho izwi. Iningi lezingane zibheke kancane ekuzalweni. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuphele eminyakeni engu-3-5 ubudala. Noma kunjalo, umntwana angagqoka izibuko uma kudingeka. Izibuko ezikhethekile zenzelwe ukuvumelanisa ubuso obuncane kakhulu.
- Udokotela usebenzisa ithuluzi elikhanyayo ngeglasi yokukhulisa (i-ophthalmoscope) ukubuka ngaphakathi kwamehlo omntwana. Ngokusebenzisa i-ophthalmoscope, udokotela uzokwazi ukuhlola impilo yonke yezingane futhi abone noma yiziphi izimpawu zakudala zenkathazo.
Izwi elivela
Angase abonakale amancane futhi ephelele ngazo zonke izindlela kodwa ingane yakho entsha kufanele ihlolwe amehlo yayo yonke into yokuhlola phakathi nonyaka wakhe wokuqala wokuphila. Udokotela wezingane wengane kufanele ahlole ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amehlo akhe aqondile futhi anakho ukugxila kahle. Ukubamba izinkinga zamehlo nezombono kusenesikhathi kuzokusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke okusemandleni okubona konke okusemandleni akhe.
Umthombo: Lawrence M. Kaufman, MD, PhD. Amehlo Ezingane Zakho. Isikhungo se-Eye of Illinois, i-Ophthalmology ne-Visual Sciences. 07 Nov 2005, 09 Juni 2007.