Uzwa okuningi mayelana nokudla okuvame kakhulu kokudla , noma kunjalo, ngaphezu kokuphezulu okuyisishiyagalombili, ukudla okunye kungabangela ukusabela okweqile. Eqinisweni, ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ukudla okungaphezu kuka-160 kuye kwabangelwa ukungezwani kokudla komzimba, kubonisa ukuthi abantu abaningi basabela ekudleni okungaphandle kwendawo yokudla evamile.
I-Cross-Reactivity
I-Oral allergies syndrome (OAS) noma i-pollen-food food allergies syndrome, yisimo lapho ukusabela emlonyeni nasemphinjeni kuvela ekuxhumeni ngqo nokudla kumuntu onomzwelo onesifo sokuphefumula okuphefumulelwe ukuze anikezwe izifo ezifana nomuthi, ukhula noma utshani i-pollens.
Lokhu ukuzwela kokubili kwe-pollen okuphazamisekile nokudla kuhlobene nokufana kwamaphrotheni anama-allergen ngaphakathi kokubili kwezakhi, okubizwa ngokuthi i- cross-reactivity . Ngamanye amazwi, abantu abane-OAS banomdlavuza wezinto zokufakelwa ezifakwe ngaphakathi ezihlobene neprotheyini ekudleni okubangela izimpawu zabo zomlomo.
Ukuphindaphindiwe kwe-cross-reactivity kubhalwe phakathi kwe-birch impova, impova ye-mugwort, i-pollens utshani, i-ragweed noThimothewu utshani ngezithelo ezihlukahlukene, izitshalo nezinhlamvu, amantongomane kanye nembewu, nemifino, imifino nezinongo. Amaphethini nokusabalalisa kwe-cross-reactivity kuyahlukahluka kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngenxa yokungafani kwezwe kanye nesimo sezulu.
Ake sibheke ezinye zokudla ezivame kakhulu ezihlobene ne-OAS:
Apple Ukuzivocavoca
I-Apple yokungezwani komzimba ihambisana ne-OAS, nabantu abangaba ngu-50 kuya ku-80% abanomdlavuza we-birch impova kanye ne-mugwort impova esabela ku-apula eluhlaza.
Izimpawu ze-apula ukungezwani komzimba ngokuyinhloko zihlala ngaphakathi emlonyeni futhi zenzeke kungakapheli imizuzu emihlanu bedla ukudla okucasulayo kubantu abaningi abazwelayo.
Cishe bonke abantu bazobona izimpawu zingakapheli imizuzu engu-30 yokudla. Izimpawu zivame ukuxazulula uma umuntu eyeka ukudla i-apula. Ukuphendula okukhulu kunokwenzeka, ikakhulu uma ukukhukhumeza komlomo kuhileleka ngoba lokhu kungabangela ubunzima bokuphefumula.
I-Citrus Yokuzivocavoca
Ukunciphisa izithelo ze-citrus kungabandakanya eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: i-orange, i-grapefruit, i-lemon, ne-lime. Ukusabela kungase kuvele emlonyeni okhukhumayo kuya ku -anaphylaxis egcwele . Kukhona ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezithelo ze-citrus, okubonisa ukuthi ukungezwani komzimba kwesithelo esisodwa se-citrus kwandisa amathuba okungezwani komzimba kwezinye izithelo ze-citrus. I-Grass pollens, uTroothy utshani, i-birch impova kanye ne-mugwort impova ingase isabele ngezithelo ze-citrus ngenxa ye-protein efanayo yokwenza.
Banana Ukuzivocavoca
Ukusabela okwenziwe i-allergen kuya kubhanana kuyahlukahluka futhi kungabandakanya ukushaywa komlomo nomphimbo, imifantu (i-urticaria), ukuvuvukala (i-angioedema ), nokuvutha. Izimpawu zihlobene kakhulu nomlomo we-allergies syndrome ezinezimpawu zendawo emlonyeni. Ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu ziqala kungakapheli imizuzu yokudla isithelo.
Ukubuyiselwa kwe-cross-reactivity phakathi kwe-ragweed ne-banana kubonakala.
Uma unezinkinga zebhanana ungase uphendule ne-latex ye-raberm yemvelo. I-laatex ikhiqizwa kusukela emthini womuthi we-rabber, oqukethe amaprotheni afanayo kulabo abhanana nokunye ukudla okufana ne-kiwi ne-avocado.
I-spice yokungezwani komzimba
I-Coriander isemndenini wezinongo ezihlanganisa i-caraway, i-fennel, nesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi-konke okuye kwahlotshaniswa nokuphendulwa kwemizwa. I-cinnamon, i-safron, nesardadi nayo iye yaqaphela ngokubangela ukusabela.
Emhlabeni wonke, izinongo ziye zaba ezinye zezifo zokudla ezivame kakhulu. Kubonakala sengathi imithini ye-birch ye-cross-reactivity, impova ye-mugwort, i-pollens utshani kanye noThimothewu utshani yizigebengu ezivame kakhulu.
Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi
Ukwehla kwesisu se-celery kuvamile futhi ngakho-ke kubhekwa njenge-allergen ephezulu. Ukutholakala kwe-cross-reactivity kuya kwe-birch impova kanye ne-mugwort impova, kutholakale nokuhluma utshani kanye noThimothewu utshani.
Ngokusho kwe-Anaphylaxis Campaign, ama-30% kuya ku-40% wabantu abahlukumezekile bayashukunyiswa isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi.
I-Coconut Yokuzivocavoca
Ukwelashwa kakhukhunathi kunqabile kakhulu. Ngokusho kwe-FDA, ukakhukhunathi uhlukaniswa njengomuthi womuthi ngezinhloso zokufaka izithako nokuvikelwa kwabathengi. I-coconut akuyona umuthi womuthi, kepha-ke, futhi abantu abaningi abanomuthi wokungcola komuthi bangadla ukakhukhunathi ngaphandle kokukhishwa. Ngenkathi abantu abambalwa bezoba ne-coconut yokungezwani komzimba, bekhona. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukubuyekezwa okujulile kokukhishwa kakhukhunathi .
Ukudla kwezidakamizwa
Kudla ukudla okungavamile kodwa abanye abantu banomdlavuza, inyama yenkomo, iwundlu, ingulube, nembuzi. Ukudla okunomvu obomvu kwenkomo yenkomo kanye nengulube kuhlotshaniswa nokukhawulwa kwekhaksi kusukela kumkhawulo we-Lone Star. Lesi sakhi singatholakala eNingizimu-mpumalanga, kusukela eTexas kuya eNew England.
Ukuphendulela emzimbeni obomvu kuvamise ukulibaziseka, kwenzeke amahora amaningi ngemuva kokudla inyama ebomvu, nakuba lokhu kungekhona ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa ukucwenga, ukuhlanza, kanye nokuhuda, okuvame kakhulu ukuwasha. Ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic kungenzeka kubantu abasebenzisa emva kokudla inyama ebomvu.
Uma uhlakulela ukungezwani komzimba kolunye uhlobo lwenyama, ungase uhlakulele ukungezwani komunye komunye uhlobo lwenyama, njengezinkukhu. Inombolo encane kakhulu yezingane eziphikisana nobisi ingaba nomzimba wokudla okwenyama.
Ukulibaziseka phakathi kokudla inyama ebomvu nezimpawu kwenza ukuxilongwa kwezinselele ezibomvu zokunciphisa umzimba. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanomzimba wokubomvu weqiniso obomvu bazohlolwa ngokulandela ukuhlolwa kwe-skin immunoglobulin E.
I-Latex Yokuzivocavoca
Lapho abantu abaphikisana ne-latex bedla ukudla okuqukethe i-antigen efanayo (amaprotheni anomthwalo wokuphendula okweqile), izimpawu ziyakhula. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i- latex-fruit syndrome . Akubona bonke abantu abaphikisana ne-latex bazoba nalesi simo. Kuze kube ngu-50 kuya ku-70% wabantu abanomdlavuza wemvelo we-raber latex banomthelela kwabanye ukudla, ikakhulukazi izithelo. Kuvame ukubona ukucubungula okuphambene ne-avocado, ibhanana, i-cassava, i-chestnut, i-kiwi, i-mango, i-papaya, izithelo zothando, utamatisi, i-turnip, i-zucchini, i-pepper bell, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, amazambane kanye ne-apple ye-custard. Noma kunjalo, ukuzwela kokunye ukudla okuhlukahlukene kuye kwarekhodwa.
Uma umuntu obhekene ne-latex-umuntu obhekene nesifo esiphundu uye wasabela ekudleni, kufanele agweme lokho kudla. Uma kukhona ukungabaza, inselele yomlomo yokuhlolwa kokudla kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela.
> Imithombo:
> I-American College Yokuguqulwa Kwegazi, I-Asthma, ne-Immunology: http://acaai.org/allergies/types/food-allergies/types-food-allergy/meat-allergy
> I-American College Yokuzifola Kwegazi, I-Asthma, ne-Immunology: http://acaai.org/allergies/types/food-allergies/types-food-allergy/oral-allergy-syndrome
> Umkhankaso we-Anaphylaxis: http://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/what-is-anaphylaxis/knowledgebase/oral-allergy-syndromes-factsheet?page=8
> Joneja JV. Umhlahlandlela wezeMpilo wezokwelapha ekuHlangeni Ukudla Nokungathembeki.