Okufanele Ukwazi
Abaningi bethu baqala ukuthola imishanguzo njengezingane ezincane. Sithola igciwane ukuze sigweme izifo. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bakhathazeka ngokuphepha kokugoma kanye nemiphumela emibi engaba khona. Umuthi wokugoma ulawulwa umjovo, inhalation, noma ngezinye izikhathi ukungenisa. Ukuvezwa komgogodla kubangela ukuthi i-antibody ikhiqizwe ngumzimba wakho ( impendulo ye-immune ) okukuvikela ekuguleni uma uthola i-pathogen noma i-toxin ethize.
Izinhlobo Zokugoma
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi yokugoma: ibulawe (ingasebenzi), ihlaselwe i-atttenuated (uhlobo oluthakathaka lwegciwane bukhoma noma amabhaktheriya), noma i-subunit. I-subunit, ngokuvamile iprotheni noma ushukela, ingasuswa egciwane noma amabhaktheriya noma yenziwe ebhokisatri. Imishanguzo ebulawe ihlanganisa i-anthrax, ikholera, i-hepatitis A, umjovo we-influenza, isifo, i-poliomyelitis, ne-rabies. Imithi yokugoma ephikisiwe ihlanganisa isifo sofuba, i-influenza nasal spray, isifo sezinambuzane, isifo se-typhoid yomlomo, isikhwama sezinkukhu, ama-shingles ne-yellow fever. Imithi yokugoma ishicilelwe isishukela, imifino kanye nerubella. Ama-protein subunit vaccines ahlanganisa i-diphtheria, i-hepatitis B, ne-pertussis. Imithi yokugoma i-Sugar subunit ihlanganisa i-meningococcus, i-pneumococcus, i-haemophilus influenza B (umgomo wokugaya ushukela ngeprotheyini conjugate) nomjovo we-typhoid. Umuthi wokugoma we-anthrax okwamanje awutholakali kubantu abaningi, futhi umgomo wokugoma we-ingulube awukwenziwe kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1970.
Abantu abanezifo ezingamaRheumatic Have Concerns
Ngenxa yokuthi umuthi wokugoma uthola impendulo yomzimba, abanye abantu abanesifo se-rheumatic ezithatha izidakamizwa ze- immunosuppressant noma biologic bakhathazekile ngokuxhumana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu abanesifo se-rheumatic, njenge- rheumatoid arthritis kanye ne- lupus , baye bazibuza ukuthi imishanguzo iphephile futhi isebenza ngendlela ethile.
Abanye bakhathazeka ngokuthi imigomo ingenza isimo sabo sibe sibi nakakhulu. Abanye abantu baye baphakamisa nokuthi ukugoma kungenzeka ukuthi kubangele isifo sabo se-rheumatic. Ingabe kufanele bakhathazeke? Ziyini amaqiniso?
Kuphephile kubantu abane-Arthritis ye-Rheumatoid?
Ngokusho kweSibhedlela Sokuhlinzwa Okukhethekile, iziguli zesifo se-rheumatoid izidakamizwa ezithatha izidakamizwa zokuzivikela kufanele zigweme imigomo ephilayo. Ukugoma okuphilayo kungabangela ukutheleleka kumuntu othatha imithi ye-immunosuppressant futhi angabuye ahlale emzimbeni futhi aphinde avele ezigulini eziphathwe nge-immunosuppressants. Imithi yokugoma, amaprotheni, kanye noshukela wokugoma kubhekwa njengokuphephile, ngisho nabantu abanesifo sofuba abaphathwa ngemithi yokuzivikela.
Ukuphumelela Kubantu abane-Arthritis Ye-Rheumatoid?
Ukugonywa kuphumelela kakhulu uma abantu abane-arthritis ye-rheumatoid benza kahle (okungukuthi, hhayi emgodini) hhayi ekunakekeleni okubanzi. Isibonelo, iziguli ze-arthritis ze-rheumatoid eziphathwa nge-dose- prednisone noma ama-immunosuppressants aphezulu azikhiqizi ama-antibodies aqinile: zingashiywa zingavimbelwe ngisho nangemva kokugonywa. Ukwelashwa, hhayi isifo ngokwayo, kungaphazamisa ukuvikelwa okuhlinzekwa umgomo. Iziguli eziphathwe nge-do-do-prednisone ephansi zingakhipha isivikelo esihle ngokugoma, noma kunjalo.
Ingabe I-Vaccines Isizathu noma Izifo Zama-Rheumatic?
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi bahlakulele isifo samathambo emva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma noma olunye uhlobo lokugoma, mhlawumbe ngoba abantu babonakala beveza ukufana phakathi kwezenzakalo ekuphileni kwabo. Okuthakazelisayo ukuthi ngenze lokhu: Ngatholakala ukuthi ngine-arthritis ye-rheumatoid ngineminyaka engu-19 ubudala, futhi njengoba ngisesha ingqondo yami ngesizathu, ngikhumbula ukutholwa umgomo wokugoma i-ngulube. Ngaxhuma lezi zenzakalo ezimbili, kodwa empeleni, isikhathi senza kube nzima.
Ucwaningo olulodwa lukaSibilia et al, olwanyatheliswa ngo-2002, lucubungula ngokucophelela ukusungulwa kwamathambo e-rheumatoid yi-vaccine ye-hepatitis B.
Ngenkathi kukhona ukucatshangelwa okunikezwe ukutholakala kwezakhi zofuzo okubangelwa ukugonywa kwe-hepatitis B, abacwaningi baphetha ngengozi ngayinye ngokuhambisana nenzuzo kufanele banqume ukuthi kulungile yini ukuthola umgomo wokugoma i-hepatitis B. Nokho, ukuvumelanisa kwezincwadi zesayensi ukuthi leyo migomo ayibangeli isifo samathambo noma ezinye izifo ze-rheumatic.
Ngokusho kweSibhedlela Sokuhlinzwa Okukhethekile, ngokubhebhetheka kwesifo se-rheumatic ekhona, azikho izifundo eziningi. Ubufakazi obuningi buhlobene nokugoma komkhuhlane kumagciwane e-lupus, futhi kwaphetha ngokuthi akukho ukuqhuma kwe-lupus ngenxa yokugoma. Nakuba kuthiwa yizifundo ezimbalwa eziphathelene nesifo samathambo, isiphetho sinjalo: isifo samathambo asikwenziwe kabi ngokugoma.
Okubalulekile
Kukhona ama-3 ahamba-aways mayelana nalokhu okubalulekile mayelana nokugoma kubantu abane-arthritis ye-rheumatoid:
- Ngokuvamile igciwane libhekwa liphephile futhi liphumelela kubantu abane-arthritis ye-rheumatoid noma ezinye izifo ze-rheumatic.
- Ukuvikeleka ekugonyeni kungase kube okungenani kunamaphutha iziguli eziphathwe izidakamizwa ze-immunosuppressant.
- Iziguli eziphathwe ngezidakamizwa ezingenakuzivikela kufanele zinganikezwa umgomo wokuphila.
> Imithombo:
> Amagciwane kanye nezifo zeRheumatic. UMichael D. Lockshin, MD. Isibhedlela Sokuhlinzwa Okukhethekile. 1/10/11
> Ukugonywa kanye ne-Rheumatoid Arthritis. Sibilia J. et al. Ama-Annal of the Rheumatic Diseases. July 2002.
> Amagciwane Ajwayelekile Phakathi Kwabantu Abadala Akufanele Ukwandisa Ingozi Yokuthuthukisa I-Rheumatoid Arthritis: Imiphumela Evela Esifundweni IsiSwidi Isifundo. UBangtsson C. et al. Ama-Annal of the Rheumatic Diseases. Julayi 2010.