Ama-T-cell ayingxenye yamaseli amhlophe egazi adlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuzivikela omzimba nokulwa nomdlavuza. Masiqede amasosha omzimba sibe izingxenye ukwenza kube lula ukuwaqonda.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (leukocytes): i-lymphocytes nama-granulocyte.
I-lymphocytes, nayo, ihlehlisiwe ibe yi:
- Amaseli we-T (amangqamuzana atholakele i-thymus)
- Amaseli B ( amangqamuzana athola umongo)
Uhlobo Lokungakhulelwa Kwangasese
Imizimba yethu inezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zengculazi etholakalayo :
- Ukuzivikela komzimba
- Ukuzivikela komzimba
Amangqamuzana e-T ayingxenye yokuzivikela komzimba womzimba, ingxenye yesistimu yomzimba ongayibona njengokubulala ngqo amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, namangqamuzana omdlavuza. Olunye uhlobo-igciwane lesandulela ngculaza-livikela imizimba yethu kusuka kulaba bahlaseli ngokwenza ama-antibodies.
Izinhlobo ze-T-Amaseli
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamaT cell, kufaka phakathi okulandelayo:
- Amaseli ase-cytotoxic T - amaseli e-cytotoxic T athola futhi ahlasele ngokuqondile abantu bezinye izizwe njengama-bacteria, amagciwane, namaseli omdlavuza.
- Amaseli E-Helper T - Amaseli E-Helper T asebenzisa amanye amangqamuzana omzimba futhi ahlele impendulo yomzimba.
- Amangqamuzana e-T elawulayo - Amathemithi e-T okucatshangelwayo acatshangwa ukuthi agweme isimiso somzimba sokuvikela omzimba ukuze singagxili (njengoba sisebenza ngezifo ezizimele), kodwa izici eziyinhloko zezinto eziphilayo zamangqamuzana zihlala zifihliwe futhi ziqhubeka ziphikisana kakhulu.
- Amangqamuzana e-T killer - Amangqamuzana omzimba we-T (NKT) awafani nhlobo namaseli okubulala emvelo, kodwa afanayo. Ama-NKT amangqamuzana e-cytotoxic T adinga ukuqaliswa futhi ahlukanise ukwenza umsebenzi wawo. I-cell killer (NK) amaseli kanye namaseli e-NKT yizingxenye ze-lymphocytes ezihlanganyela emhlabathini ovamile. Bobabili bangasheshe basabele ekukhona kwamangqamuzana omzimba futhi babambe iqhaza ekuphenduleni izimpungushe zomzimba.
- Amangqamuzana e-Memory T - Amangqamuzana e-Memory T khumbula amanothi ebusweni bama-bacterium, amagciwane, noma amangqamuzana omdlavuza abawabonayo ngaphambili.
Ukukhiqiza, Isitoreji, nokutholakala
Ngemuva kokukhiqizwa emnothweni wamathambo , ama-T asetshenziselwa ukukhula futhi athuthuke esithombeni esifubeni esibizwa ngokuthi i-thymus-yingakho kuthiwa ngamagama ase-T-cells, okusho amangqamuzana ase-thymus. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, ama-T-amaseli akhona egazini nasezinhlakeni zamantombazane .
Umsebenzi we-T-Cell ku-Cancer
Amaseli e-T adlala indima enkulu ekulwa kwethu nomdlavuza. Kungaba ukudideka kakhulu ukukhuluma ngamangqamuzana e-T, ikakhulukazi lapho sikhuluma ngegciwane le-lymphoma, ngakho-ke sizobheka izindlela ukuthi amaseli T asebenza ukulwa nomdlavuza nokuthi angathinteka kanjani ngumdlavuza. Ukuqeda umdlavuza, noma ngabe kunezakhi ze-T ezanele, kuqala kufanele 'zibone' umdlavuza.
Izindlela Ngamaphi Amaseli E-T asebenza Ukulwa Nengculaza
Amaseli e-T asebenza kokubili izindlela eziqondile nezingaqondile zokulwa nomdlavuza.
- Amangqamuzana e-Killer abulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngokuqondile - Lawa maseli aqala ukuthola amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi angakhuthazwa nokubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Amaseli omsizi T alwa nomdlavuza ngokungaqondile - Lawa maseli ahlela futhi ahlele ukulwa nomdlavuza.
Izindlela Ngamaphi Amakhemikhali Ethinta I-Cancer
- Ukubandakanyeka ngokuqondile emdlalweni - Emanqenjini afana ne- T-cell lymphoma , ama-T cells ngokwawo anomdlavuza.
- Ukuthatha umthambo we-bone lomzimba - I-Lymphomas nezinye izifo zomdlavuza ezisakaze emnothweni wamathambo zixosha ama-stem cells anempilo emangeni (amatjhumi we-T cells) aphelelwe ukuchithwa kwama-T.
- Ukubhujiswa ngenxa ye-chemotherapy - I-Chemotherapy ingaphazamisa ngokuqondile ama-T-amaseli namanye amaseli egazi amhlophe.
Immunotherapy
Ucwaningo olusha olusanda kuvela luhlanganisa ukuvuselela kabusha ama-T-cells wesiguli ukuze bakwazi ukubona nokubulala amaseli omdlavuza. Lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha luye lwabonisa imiphumela esengaphambili yokuthembisa ku-lymphoma.
I-Cycling-Immunity Cycle
Amaseli e-T ayingxenye yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi umjikelezo womdlavuza.
Njengoba amangqamuzana omdlavuza efa, akhulula ama-antigens, izinto ezingabonwa ngesistimu yomzimba.
Ama-antigens avela kumangqamuzana omdlavuza athathwa futhi ahanjiswe esitokisini samasosha omzimba akhethekile okuthiwa ama-antigen-presenting cells (APCs) ukuze amanye amangqamuzana omzimba angakwazi "ukubona" ama-antigens anomdla. Emagqeni lymph, ama-APC agqugquzela ama-T-cells futhi afundise ukuthi aqaphele amangqamuzana e-tumor. Amaseli e-T ahamba ngezinyawo zegazi ukuze afinyelele isisu, angene ngaphakathi, aqaphele amangqamuzana omdlavuza abulale.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. Yini okusha Cancer Immunotherapy Research? 11/05/15.
> Chen, D., no-I. Mellman. I-Oncology ihlangana ne-Immunology: I-Cancer Immunity Cycle. Ukungakhulelwe . 2013. 39 (1): 1-10,25.
> Chen, D., Irving, B., noF. Hodi. Izindlela zeMolcular: Next Generation Immunotherapy - Ukuvimbela Ukuhlela Ukufa-Ligand 1 nokuhlelwa Ukufa-1. Ucwaningo lweCancer Clinic . 2012. I-Doi: 10.1158 / 1078-0432.CCR-12-1362.