I-B-cell, ebizwa nangokuthi i-B-lymphocyte, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elidlala indima enkulu ekuvikeleni umzimba wakho ekutheleleni. Ngaphandle kwe-B-cell, umzimba wakho ngeke ube ophumelelayo ekulwa namabhaktheriya amaningi ajwayelekile kanye namagciwane; futhi ngeke ulahlekelwe umsebenzi ohlala njalo "wokukhumbuza inkumbulo" ejwayelekile ngemva kokuphulukiswa isifo noma emva kokugonywa umhlasela othile othelelekile.
Ama-B-cell, njengamanye amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, avela kuma-hematopoietic stem cells ahlala ngaphakathi komnkantsha wamathambo, ikakhulukazi emathanjeni athile afana ne-hip bone ne-vertebrae. Lawa maseli okwenza igazi aphakamisa ama-B-cell ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezinyathelo. Ngemva kokuvuthwa, ama-B-amangqamuzana asekhona egazini lakho nasezingxenyeni ezithile zomzimba wakho njengama- lymph nodes akho .
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-lymphocytes: T-cells, nama-B-cell. Uma unesifo se-CBC segazi, ku-umbiko we-laboratory uthola ukuhlaselwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamangqamuzana egazi namaphesenti, kufaka phakathi i-lymphocytes, kodwa akukho umahluko wokuthi yiziphi i-lymphocytes kuyi-T-cells nokuthi yiyiphi i-B- amaseli.
Yiziphi ama-B-Amaseli Awenza Ngomzimba Ophilile
Umthwalo oyinhloko wama-B-amangqamuzana kuhilela impendulo yomzimba kubahlaseli bangaphandle ngokusebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-immunity immunity. B-amangqamuzana "asebenza" lapho ehlangana nama-antigens angaphandle, njengamanye amazwe angaphandle kwamaseli e-bacteria ngesikhathi sokutheleleka.
Ephendula ukutheleleka okunjalo, ama-B-amangqamuzana angahlukanisa amangqamuzana e-plasma-ama-antibody okhiqiza amafektri. Amangqamuzana e-plasma akhiqiza amaprotheni amakhulu abizwa ngokuthi i-immunoglobulins, noma ama-antibodies, afaka phakathi kwamanye amazwe. Lezi zinselo zomzimba zikhonza njengamafulegi, noma ama-flare phezu kwendawo yokulwa, uma uthanda; baqamba amanye ama-molecule avikelayo egazini, besebenza ukubulala isifo esibangela ukutheleleka.
Baphinde babonise amanye amangqamuzana omzimba ukuze, futhi, balwe nempi kumhlaseli. Zidlala indima enkulu esimisweni somzimba sokuzivikela, esilonda umzimba ngokumelene nokutheleleka. Le ngxenye yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza elixhomeke kakhulu kuma-antibodies ibizwa ngokuthi yi-immunity immunity. Umlingani wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ungukuzivikela komzimba.
Indlela B-Amaseli Asinika Ngayo Ingculazi
I-B-cell encane, ebizwa ngokuthi i-naive B-cell, ijikeleza emzimbeni wegazi, ngokuvamile iphela ngo-spleen noma i-lymph nodes. Ivuselelwa yi-antigen, okungaba yinoma iyiphi into umzimba ocabanga ukuthi ingaphandle, njengesiqephu segciwane, noma i-patch ye-capsule ye-cutter's cutter. Amaseli e-T avame ukuhileleka kule nqubo. I-B-cell iqala ukuguqula ibe yi-B-cell ye-plasma, umsebenzi wayo okhethekile ukukhiqiza umzimba-ukukhiqiza ama-antibodies afana ne-activader-up to antibodies 10,000 kuya kwesinye.
I-plasma ngayinye i-B-cell yenza ama-antibodies abe ne-antigen eyodwa kuphela. Ziqondile kakhulu. Ngenhlanhla, kunezigidi zazo emzimbeni wethu ukuze sikwazi ukulwa nezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokutheleleka. Kuzo zonke izinto zokuphila kwe-B-cell, kwenza lezi zinqamuzana. Zihlala phansi ikakhulukazi ku-pleen kanye namagciwane ukuze kukhishwe ama-antibodies.
Amanye ama-B-cell asetshenzisiwe abe inkumbulo ye-B-cell, ephila isikhathi eside kakhulu emnothweni wamathambo, ama-lymph nodes kanye ne-spleen.
Bakhumbula i-antigen ukuthi bayicacile futhi balungele ukuphendula ngokushesha uma beyibona futhi. Lawa angamaseli asinika ukuzivikela okuhlala isikhathi eside kwabahlaseli abahlukene.
Uma uthola igciwane, umgomo uqukethe ama-antigen avuselela ama-B-cell ukukhiqiza ama-antibodies ayobe ehlasela igciwane noma amabhaktheriya ukuthi ugonywe. Lokhu kulingisa ukuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho uma usulelekile ngaleyo gciwane, kodwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezifanayo zesifo esibangelwa igciwane. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-B-amangqamuzana asezinkumbulo eziningi, angaveza ama-antibodies ngokumelene nalawo amagciwane izinyanga neminyaka, ekunika isikhathi sokuzivikela.
Izwi elivela
Ngezinye izikhathi ama-plasma B-amangqamuzana akhiqiza ama-antibodies kuma-antigens asezintweni zethu, noma nge-autoantibodies, futhi lokhu kungaba yingxenye yezifo ezihlukahlukene ezizimele , ezifana nesifo samathambo, lupus, multiple sclerosis, nohlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Lezi zimo zamasosha omzimba ahlasele izicubu ezinempilo ukukhiqiza isifo.
Ama-B-amangqamuzana angaguqulwa ngendlela engafanele ibe i-lymphocytic leukemia engavamile , i- acute lymphoblastic leukemia , nezinhlobo ezithile ze- lymphoma . Lezi zifo ziyisifo se-B-cell, kodwa iseli eliqondile eliba ngumdlavuza lingakhula noma likhule kangcono; ngamanye amazwi, iseli eliholela emdlalweni lingase libe sesisondelene ngesimo futhi sisebenze ku-B-cell yangempela, ngokubhekelana kakhulu ngokufana ne-immature ene-blood forming cell eyogcina iphakamisa kumuntu omdala B, uma iphilile.
Imithombo:
> Minnich M, Tagoh H, Bönelt P, et al. Indima yokubambisana ye-factor factor Blimp-1 ekuxhumaniseni ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli e-plasma. Nat Immunol. 2016 Mar; 17 (3): 331-43.
> Julie Tellier, Wei Shi, Martina Minnich, Yang Liao, Simon Crawford, Gordon K Smyth, Axel Kallies, Meinrad Busslinger, Stephen L Nutt. I-Blimp-1 ilawula umsebenzi we-plasma cell ngokusebenzisa ukulawulwa kwe-immunoglobulin ekusithekeni kanye nempendulo yeprotheyini eveziwe. Nat Immunol. 2016; 17 (3): 323-330.
> Amakhemikhali nama Antibodies, Biology Biology of the Cell. Edition 4. I-Copyright 2002, uBruce Alberts, et. al.