Nakuba ukubhema kuyiyona imbangela eyinhloko yezifo ezingavamile zokuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu (COPD), ukuhlala isikhathi eside, ukuvelela okuqhubekayo kwezinye izinhlobo ze-irritants zomoya futhi, ngokwezinga elingaphansi, izakhi zofuzo, nakho kungadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo. Lezi nazo zonke izici ezingozini zokuthuthukisa i-COPD, kanye nobudala, isimo sezenhlalo, kanye nezifo.
Izimbangela ezivamile
Kunezimbangela eziningana ezingasiza ekwakhiweni kweCOPD.
Ukubhema: Lokhu yisizathu esisodwa senombolo yeCOPD. I-American Lung Association ilinganisela ukuthi amaphesenti angama-85 kuya kwamaphesenti angu-90 e-COPD amacala ahlobene nokubhema ugwayi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngumusi womuntu othumayo noma ngomshini wokubhema ugwayi. Kodwa-ke, abantu abangakaze babheme bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa i-COPD.
Ukuvezwa komsebenzi: Ukudalulwa kwamakhemikhali nezinto ezifana nokuthungwa komhlabathi wamalahle, amagesi, ne-silica emsebenzini, ikakhulukazi isikhathi eside, kungenye yezimbangela eziphambili zeCOPD ngaphandle kokubhema.
Ukungcola Kwangaphakathi Nokungaphandle Kwemoya: Ukuvezwa kwesikhathi eside isikhathi sokungcoliswa komoya ngaphakathi, ikakhulukazi ukuvezwa kwemfucumfucu yokupheka nokushisa ezindaweni ezingenawo umoya, kungenye imbangela, njengoba kuvezwa isikhathi eside nokungcola komoya ngaphandle.
I-Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (AAT) Ukuntula: Ukuntuleka kwe- Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) kuyisifo esizuzwe njengefa esiphethe inani elincane lamacala e-COPD.
Ihlanganisa amazinga aphansi we-AAT protein, esiza ukuvikela amaphaphu akho. Uma unesifo se-AAT, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubhekene naso noma ubhekene nezinye iziphazamisi zamaphaphu, ungahlakulela i-COPD ngoba umzimba wakho awukwenzi amaprotheni okwanele ukuvikela amaphaphu akho emonakalweni. I-COPD ngenxa yokungalahleki kwe-AAT ivame ukutholakala esencane kakhulu kune-COPD ebangelwa ukubhema.
Uma uneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-45 futhi uthola ukuthi unesifo se-COPD, cela udokotela wakho ukuba avivinye igazi ukuze ahlole ukuthi i-COPD yakho ibangelwa ukulahlekelwa kwe-AAT , njengoba izinketho zokwelapha ziyahlukahlukana nokuphathwa okujwayelekile kwe-COPD.
I-asthma: Ngezinye izikhathi abantu abane-asthma bahlakulela i-COPD. I-asthma, efaka ukuvuvukala nokunciphisa imimoya yakho, ivame ukushintsha isimo ngokuphulukiswa.
I-Genetics
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, ukulahlekelwa kwe-alpha-1-antitrypsin kungaba yimbangela yengozi ye-COPD kanye nengozi. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi uma unezingane zakudala ezine-COPD enzima futhi ubhema, ukhululekile kakhulu ukuba nemikhawulo yokuhambisa umoya. Ezinye izakhi zofuzo ziye zaxhunyaniswa nokunciphisa umsebenzi wamaphaphu futhi, kodwa akucaci ukuthi noma iyiphi yalezi zakhi zofuzo empeleni iyabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-COPD.
Izingozi Zezingozi
Kunezici eziningi zobungozi, ezifana nezimbangela eziningi, ezihlobene nokuthuthukisa i-COPD, ezinye zazo ezingase zilawulwe.
Umsila wogwayi: Ngenkathi ubungozi buhluka kubantu abahlukene, uma usubhema isikhathi eside futhi uphakamisa amaphakheji owubhema, kuphakamisa ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-COPD ivame ukuba. Ukubhema ugwayi, amapayipi, kanye namanoni nakho kwandisa ingozi yakho, njengoba kuvezwa nokubhema komsi womuntu.
Uma unomlando womndeni we-COPD, nawe ungase ukwazi ukuthuthukisa futhi.
I-asthma: Uma une-asthma futhi ubhema, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-COPD ingaba izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka- 12 eziphakeme kunalabo abangenayo i-asthma nabomusi.
I-Long-Term Exposure to Irritants: Ukwehliswa isikhathi eside emangalisini njengamakhemikhali, uthuli noma imfucumfucu evela endaweni yakho yomsebenzi, ukubhema komswakama, noma ukungcola komoya kwandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-COPD. Uma usebenza nama-irritants, khuluma nomqashi wakho ngokuzivikela.
Ubudala: Njengoba i-COPD iqhubeka phakathi neminyaka, abantu abaningi bangenani okungenani angu-40 uma betholakala.
Ukwengeza, njengoba ukhula, indlela yakho yokuhamba emoyeni ibonakala ifinyelela kwezinye izinguquko ezifanayo zesakhiwo ezitholakala ku-COPD.
I-Bronchitis engapheli: Uma ungumuntu osemusha futhi une-bronchitis engapheli nomusi, ithuba lakho lokuthuthukisa i-COPD liphakeme.
Isimo sezenhlalakahle: Ukuba nesimo esiphansi sezenhlalakahle kubangela ingozi eyengeziwe yokuthuthukisa i-COPD, kodwa abacwaningi abaqinisekisi kahle ukuthi kungani. Lokhu kungahlobana nokudla okungenamsoco, ukutheleleka, ukuvezwa kwezidakamizwa, noma imiphumela yokubhema, okuvame kakhulu emibhalweni ephansi yezenhlalo.
Izifo: Uma unomlando wezinsana zokuphefumula ezisencane, lokhu kungakubeka engozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-COPD. Ukuba nesifo sofuba nakho kuyingozi futhi ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ngaphezu kweCOPD. Uma unegciwane lesandulela ngculazi (i-HIV), lokhu kungasheshe kuthuthukise ukuthuthukiswa kwe-COPD ebangelwa ukubhema.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Lung Association. Ukuvimbela i-COPD. Kubuyekezwe i-Disemba 23, 2017.
> I-American Lung Association. Yini eyenza i-COPD. Kubuyekezwe i-Disemba 23, 2017.
> I-Global Initiative ye-Lung Dungase Chronicle Obstructive. Isu Lomhlaba Wonke Lokuthola Ukuxilongwa, Ukuphathwa Nokuvimbela Izifo Eziphuthumayo Zokuvimbela Izifo Eziphuthumayo: Umbiko we-2018. Ishicilelwe ngoNovemba 20, 2017.
> Abasebenzi beMayo Clinic. I-COPD: Izimpawu Nezizathu. I-Mayo Clinic. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 11, 2017.
> Inhliziyo kaZwelonke, iLung, ne-Blood Institute. I-COPD. I-National Institute of Health. UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu.