Ukuqaphela izimpawu ze- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) futhi ukutholwa ukuthi kungenzeka ngokushesha kunesinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuphathwa kwe-COPD. Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ukuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, ukukhwehlela, ukukhathala, ukukhiqizwa kwe-phlegm, nezifo ezingapheli zokuphefumula, okungahle zibe ngobumnene kuze kube nzima kakhulu, kuye ngesigaba sesifo. Nakuba i-COPD ivame ukuqhubeka kancane kancane, kuvamile ukuba nokuzikhukhumeza lapho izimpawu ziba nzima khona isikhathi. Ukuqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi izimpawu ezikhungathekile ezingase ziphakamise ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD kungabuye kuthuthukise imiphumela yesifo.
Izimpawu Ezivamile
Izimpawu zeCOPD eziphawulekayo ngokuvamile azibonakali kuze kube yilapho lesi sifo sithuthukile futhi usuvele ubhekene nomonakalo wamaphaphu. Abantu abatholakaliswayo futhi baqala ukwelashwa kwe-COPD ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sesifo bangase babe nokuhlonza okungcono, ngakho-ke uma kukhona noma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu zeCOPD ezizwakalayo zijwayele, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Ukuphelelwa umoya
Ukuphefumula (i-dyspnea) yisimpawu sokuphawuleka se-COPD futhi ngokuvamile isibonakaliso sokuqala sizovela. Ukuphefumula ngenxa yezimo zezokwelapha kungachazwa ngezindlela eziningi, kodwa abantu abaningi abaneCOPD bachaza i-dyspnea njengokuzwa njengokufana nokuphefumula. Abanye abantu bachaza inzwa ngokuthi "indlala yomoya."
Ekuqaleni, ungathola kuphela i-dyspnea uma uzikhandla. Kodwa-ke, njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, i-dyspnea ingenzeka ngisho nalapho uphumla. Ithuluzi elibizwa ngokuthi i- MMRC i-dyspnea scale livame ukusetshenziswa ukusiza ukulinganisa lezi zibonakaliso ezingezansi ukuze wena nodokotela wakho bakhethe ukhetho olungcono kakhulu lwezokwelapha uma une-COPD.
Njengesibonakaliso, i-dyspnea yikhiqiza kakhulu, ekhubaza isici se-COPD. Ngokujabulisayo, kunezivivinyo zokuphefumula , kanye nezeluleko zokudla , ezingakusiza kakhulu ukubhekana nedyspnea.
Isikhukhula esingapheliyo
Ukukhwehlela okungapheli ku-COPD yinto ehlala isikhathi eside futhi ingabonakali ihamba. Ngokwemvelo, ichazwa njengokukhwehlela okuhlala isikhathi esingenani amasonto ayisishiyagalombili. Nakuba ukukhwehlela okungapheli kuvamile kubantu abane-COPD, kunezinye izimbangela eziningi zokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo , futhi kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi ezinye izimbangela ezinkulu zingabanjwa.
Ukukhwehlela okungapheli ngokuvamile kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala saleso sifo kodwa yilokho olushaywa indiva ngoba abantu abaningi babonisa ukuthi ukubhema ( ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela ,) ukulimala, noma ezinye izimo ezingokwemvelo.
Ukukhwehlela nge-COPD kungaba yomile (engekho okhiqizayo) noma ikhiqize umqubu. Ngezinye izinhlobo ze-COPD, njenge- bronchitis engapheli , ukukhwehlela kwenzeka nsuku zonke futhi kuhlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwe-mucus. Ekuqaleni, ukukhwehlela kungase kube okuphakathi, kodwa njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, singase sibe khona nsuku zonke.
I-Sputum (Phlegm) Yokukhiqiza
I-sputum , ebizwa nangokuthi i-mucus noma i-phlegm, iyisici esivikelayo esikhiqizwa amaphaphu akho ukuze usize ekutheni ususe futhi ususe izinhlayiya zangaphandle. I-sputum ifihliwe ngamaseli afaka umoya womoya (i- bronchi ne- bronchioles ) futhi ixoshwa ngokukhwehlela noma ukuhlanza umphimbo wakho.
Abantu abaneCOPD bavame ukukhiqiza isikhala esincane sokukhwehlela lapho bekhwehlela. Izimbangela zokukhiqizwa kwe-mucus zibandakanya kokubili ukukhiqizwa ngamaseli angena emoyeni (amaseli e-goblet) nokunciphisa ikhono lokususa isikhukhuni ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwemishini ye-cilia, izakhiwo ezincane ezinjengezinwele ezinjengezindlela zokuhamba emoyeni ezisebenza ngendlela efana ne-wave izinto ezibanjwe nge-phlegm kuze kube emlonyeni wakho ukuba ugwinye.
Inani elikhulu le-sputum elincane livame ukuhlotshaniswa nokutheleleka kwe- bacterial lung , okungenza kube nzima izimpawu ze-COPD . Umbala nokuvumelana kwe-sputum kungashintsha lapho kutholakala ukutheleleka kwama-bacterium.
Ukushisa
Ukuvuthwa kuvame ukuchazwa njengomsindo we-whistling ozwakala ngesikhathi sokuphuza kanye / noma ukukhipha umoya. Kubangelwa ukumisa noma ukuvinjelwa kwemikhumbi yakho yomoya. Ukugaya kungase kuhambisane nemisindo engavamile ezwa nge-stethoscope.
Ukuqina Kwesikhumba
Ukuqina kwesifuba kungakunika ukucindezeleka ngaphakathi kwezindonga zesifuba ezenza ukuphefumula okuzenzakalelayo kube nzima. Ukuqina kwesifuba kungase kube khona uma kukhona ukutheleleka emaphashini akho futhi kungenza ubuhlungu obujulile bubuhlungu ( ubuhlungu besifuba somlomo ), okwenza ukuba ukuphefumula kube mfushane futhi kungajulile.
Izifo Eziphefumulayo Zokuphefumula
Esinye isibonakaliso esivamile se-COPD ngokuvamile sinezinkena, umkhuhlane, kanye / noma i-pneumonia. I-COPD yenza ube lula kakhulu kulezi zifo ngoba awukwazi ukusula amaphaphu akho kahle.
Ukukhathala
Ukukhathala okuhlobene ne-COPD kuhlukile kunokukhathala okujwayelekile. Lesi sigameko esingaqondwa kahle futhi esingaziwa ngaso sonke isikhathi seCOPD yinto engaphenduli kahle ekomishi yekhofi noma ngisho nokulala okuhle ebusuku. Ngokuvamile, ukukhathala kujwayelekile kathathu kubantu abanesifo samaphaphu kunabangaphandle. Nakuba i-dyspnea yisifo esibuhlungu kunazo zonke phakathi kwalabo abaneCOPD, ukukhathala kungaba enye yezinto ezicasula kakhulu. Kungaphezu kokudabukisayo, noma kunjalo, ngoba ukukhathala okuhambisana ne-COPD kwandisa ingozi yokubhedlela.
Izimpawu Ezikhulu
Kunezimpawu ezingase zenzeke kaningi lapho i-COPD yakho inzima noma ukhona ngezigaba kamuva zesifo.
Ukulahlekelwa Isisindo Nokulahlekelwa Ukudla
Nakuba ukuzuza kwesisindo kunenkinga kakhulu ezinyathelweni zakuqala ze-COPD kusukela cishe ungasebenzi kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa isifiso sakho kanye nokulahlekelwa isisindo yizinkinga ezivamile ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu lesi sifo.
Uma ungakhulumi, lezi zimpawu zingabangela ukungondleki , isimo esibi esingase sisesongeni. Ukulahleka kokudla kokudla kanye nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo ngokungenhloso kungamaphutha adinga ukuphenywa okuqhubekayo, ngoba angase akhombise nokuthi ezinye izifo zikhona, njengomdlavuza wamaphaphu noma isifo sofuba sofuba . I-COPD iyingozi emele ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu , okusho ukuthi iphakamisa ingozi ngisho noma ungakaze upheze.
Ukudla okunempilo kubalulekile kunoma ubani, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu uma une-COPD. Ama-pulmonologists amaningi manje ancoma ukwelulekwa okunomsoco ngeziguli zabo ezine-COPD, ngakho-ke uma udokotela wakho engakunconyanga, ungase ufune ukucela ukuthunyelwa.
I-Muscle Atrophy
I-cachexia yinkinga efaka kokubili ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo nokulahleka kwemisipha futhi kuyimbangela ebalulekile yokufa kubantu abanezifo eziningi ezingapheli.
Ukuvuvukala
Ungaqaphela ukuvuvukala emilenzeni, emaqotsheni, kanye / noma izinyawo njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka noma uma i-COPD yakho inzima.
Izinkinga
Izinkinga eziningi zingenzeka ngenxa yeCOPD. Ukuziqaphela kungakusiza uhlale phezu kwezimpawu zakho futhi uthole ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma kwenzeka.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zokuphefumula
Ukuba ne-COPD yenza kube lula ukuthola izifo zokuphefumula ezifana nemikhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma i-pneumonia. Lokhu kungaba yingozi uma une-COPD ngoba lezi zifo zingalimaza amaphaphu akho. Kubalulekile ukuthola umkhuhlane wakho ukudubula minyaka yonke bese ukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola umgomo wokuphefumula kanye nokusiza ukunciphisa inani lezifo ozithathayo.
Ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka
Imiphumela engokomzwelo yeCOPD , ikakhulukazi ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka, ivame ukunganakwa. Lezi zimpawu zibalulekile hhayi nje ngenxa yemiphumela yazo emkhakheni wakho wokuphila, kodwa ngoba zandisa ingozi yokukhushulwa kwe- COPD kanye nesimo sezempilo esimpofu jikelele.
Ukuhlaselwa kwezinhlupho nakho kuvamile kakhulu kubantu abane COPD futhi kungaholela emjikelezweni ononya uma kuhlangene nokuphefumula. Funda ngezinye zezindlela zokuphatha ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic ku-COPD ngisho noma ungenakho ukuhlaselwa okuphazamisayo okugcwele.
Imithi kanye nezinye zokwelapha ezingekho kwemithi ziyatholakala ezingasiza ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka okuhlobene neCOPD, ngezinye izikhathi ngokuphelele. Uma unenkinga yokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka, noma kokubili, noma ubona ezinye izimo ezingokomzwelo zesifo sakho, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo mayelana nezinketho zakho zokwelapha.
Isifo senhliziyo
Ukuba ne-COPD kungandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo nokuhlasela kwenhliziyo. Ukubhema kungaba nethonya kulokhu, ngakho ukuyeka kungasiza.
Ukucindezeleka komfutho wegazi
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu emithanjeni yamaphaphu akho, okuthiwa i-pulmonary hypertension, iyinkinga evamile yeCOPD, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni eziphambili zesifo. Izimpawu zifana nezimpawu ze-COPD futhi ngokuvamile zihlolwe nge-imaging kanye / noma ukuhlolwa kwelebhu.
I-Cancer Lung
Ukuba ne-COPD kusho ukuthi ingozi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu iphakeme. Uma uyeka ukubhema, lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho.
Nini ukuya esibhedlela
Uma ucabanga ukuthi unayo i-COPD, kufanele wenze i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uxoxe ngezimpawu zakho. Angakwazi ukulawula noma ukuhlola i-COPD futhi ungaqala ngokuphathwa.
Kufanele ufune ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo uma uthuthukisa noma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu:
- Imibhede yaminwe yakho noma izindebe zakho ziphenduka okwesibhakabhaka noma imfucuza, ebizwa nge-cyanosis, okusho ukuthi izinga le-oxygen egazini lakho liphansi.
- Awukwazi ukubamba umoya wakho noma uthola isikhathi esinzima ukukhuluma.
- Awuzizwa uqaphile ngokwengqondo, ikakhulukazi uma abanye beqaphela.
- Inhliziyo yakho ibetha ngokushesha.
> Imithombo:
> Han MK, uDransfield MT, uMartinez FJ. Izifo Eziphuthumayo Zokuvimbela Izifo: Incazelo, Ukubonakaliswa Kwemitholampilo, Ukuxilongwa, nokuHlanganisa. Kusesikhathini. Ibuyekezwe ngoJanuwari 11, 2018.
> Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL. Izimiso zikaHarrison zeMithi yangaphakathi . ENew York: Imfundo yaseMcGraw Hill; 2015.
> I-Mayo Clinic. I-COPD: Izimpawu Nezizathu. Abasebenzi beMayo Clinic. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 11, 2017.
> Miravitilles M, Ribera A. Ukuqonda Umthelela Wezibonakaliso Emthwalweni we-COPD. Ucwaningo lokuphefumula . 2017; 18 (1): 67. i-doi: 10.1186 / s12931-017-0548-3.
> Inhliziyo kaZwelonke, iLung, ne-Blood Institute. I-COPD. I-National Institute of Health. Izinsizakalo Zempilo Nezenhlalo zase-US.