Lapho abaningi becabanga ngesifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary (COPD), bacabanga ngakho njengesifo somuntu. Kodwa, njengoba ukusabalala kweCOPD kwabesifazane kuyanda, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuhlukana kobulili ku-COPD. Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi ngakho ukuthi i-COPD ithinta kanjani abesifazane ngokuhlukile kunamadoda.
Namuhla, abesifazane abaningi kakhulu kunamadoda bafa kusuka eCOPD
Umqondo wokuthi i-COPD yisifo esikumele abantu bakhathazeke ngabo ekuqaleni sasixhaswa izibalo ngo-1959 lapho inani lamadoda liqhathaniswa nabesifazane abafa ngesifo kwabahlanu kuya kwesinye.
Kodwa-ke, inani labesifazane ababulawa yi- COPD phakathi kuka-1968 no-1999 landa ngamaphesenti angu-382, kuyilapho besilisa, kwakukhona ukwanda kwamaphesenti angu-27 kuphela. Unyaka ka-2000 wabonakalisa ngonyaka wokuqala ukuthi abesifazane abaningi kunamadoda bafa ku-COPD, futhi lokho kuqhubekile.
Izimpawu Eziqondile Kwabesifazane
Izimpawu eziphawulekayo ze-COPD zihlanganisa i- dyspnea, ukukhwehlela okungapheli , nokukhiqizwa kwe- sputum . Ochwepheshe basanda kubona ukuthi imiphumela ye-COPD yabesifazane ibangele kakhulu kuneyabantu. Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuzwa lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukuphefumula okukhulu kakhulu
- Ukukhathazeka okungaphezulu nokucindezeleka
- Ikhwalithi engezansi yokuphila
- Ukwandiswa kokungahambisani nomoya
- Ukuzivocavoca okubi kakhulu ukusebenza
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane banokukhubazeka kaningi kunamadoda futhi basengozini enkulu yokungondleki .
Izilinganiso zobulili ku-COPD Ukuxilongwa
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi odokotela baningi amathuba okuthola isifo se-COPD kwisiguli esesilisa kunokuba isifazane, ngisho noma iziguli zinampawu ezifanayo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungase kube khona ukulingana ngokobulili uma kuziwa ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa kwe-COPD. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane bancane amathuba okuhlolwa nge- spirometry noma bayiswe kuchwepheshe.
Uma odokotela bethola imiphumela engavamile ye-spirometry, noma kunjalo, lokhu kubheka ubulili kubonakala sengathi sekuphela. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kwe-spirometry kubaluleke kakhulu kokubili amadoda nabesifazane abatholakala engozini yeCOPD.
Abesifazane Bakhululeka Ngomphumela Wecala Lomgwaqo
Kukhona ubufakazi obukhulayo bokuthi abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okunciphisa umsebenzi wamaphaphu kumazinga afana nokubhema kunamadoda. Lokhu kungaba ngoba amaphaphu omama ngokuvamile amancane, ngakho-ke amaphaphu kungenzeka avezwe emlilweni omkhulu wocingo kagwayi, ngisho nalapho abesifazane bebhema inani elifanayo legwayi njengamadoda.
Ezinye izincazelo ezingenzeka ukuthi abesifazane basengozini enkulu yokubhema ugwayi zihlanganisa:
- Kungenzeka ukuthi kuncane ukubika kukagwayi phakathi kwabesifazane
- I-genetic predisposition for impairment yamaphaphu ekubhemeni okungukuthi okuqondene nobulili
- Izinga lokungcola kwentuthu kagesi
- Umehluko emakethe kagwayi
- Imiphumela ye-Hormonal ekuthuthukiseni amaphaphu nobukhulu bezindiza
- Umehluko endleleni abesifazane abenza ngayo ukubhema ugwayi
"Kodwa Angikaze Ngibhema!"
Amaphesenti angama-15 abantu bonke abatholwa ukuthi baneCOPD abakaze abhema . Ngokuphawulekayo, kuleli qembu, cishe amaphesenti angaba ngu-80 ngabesifazane, okuphakamisa ukuthi abesifazane bangabe besengozini enkulu kunezinto eziyingozi ezihlotshaniswa ne-COPD ezingahlobene nokubhema.
Ukuqeda ukubhema: Inhloso yokuPhepha yokuqala
Ukuyeka ukubhema kuhlala kuyindlela ebaluleke kunazo zonke futhi ingenelela kakhulu kunoma ubani onesi-COPD, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubulili.
Kuyasiza kakhulu abesifazane.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-spirometry kuthatha okuthiwa yi- FEV1 (ivolumu yokuphoqa okuphoqelelwe ngomzuzwana owodwa). Kuyisisekelo semvelo ongayifaka emaphashini ngokucindezela ngomzuzwana owodwa. Abesifazane abane-COPD abayeke ukubhema bavame ukukhombisa ukwanda okuvamile ku-FEV1 ngonyaka owodwa okuyizikhathi eziphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2.5 kunokuthuthukiswa okubonakala kumadoda. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umsebenzi wamaphaphu ungathuthukisa ngaphezulu kwabesifazane kunamadoda ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokuyeka ukubhema. Kodwa-ke, olunye ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi amadoda abika ukuthuthukiswa kwesibonakaliso esikhulu emva kokuyeka ukubhema kunabesifazane.
Ingabe Izinketho Zokwelapha Kwabesifazane Kufanele Zihluke?
Imikhombandlela yamanje ye-COPD ayisekho ukuncoma izinketho ezahlukene zokwelashwa zamadoda nabesifazane, nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi lo mkhuba uzoshintsha njengoba uphenyo luqhubeka. Uma ungowesifazane ophethe i-COPD, noma kunjalo, kunezinkinga ezithile zokwelapha okufanele uziqaphele.
- Ama- corticosteroids (i-ICS) engabhalisiwe: Lawa asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-COPD ukuvimbela ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD kulabo abane-COPD enzima (futhi abesifazane kungenzeka ukuthi babe ne-COPD enzima). Abesifazane abasebenzisa i-ICS kufanele baqaphele ukuthi banganciphisa amandla esitembu futhi bandise ingozi ye-osteoporosis ne-hip fracture. Njengoba abesifazane besengozini enkulu ye-osteoporosis kunamadoda, abesifazane abasebenzisa i-ICS kumele baxoxe nodokotela wabo ngokuthatha i-calcium ne-vitamin D, besebenzisa ama- bisphosphonates , nokubhekwa kwamathambo. Futhi, gcina lokhu engqondweni: Uma ushiya i-ICS, abesifazane bangase babe namathuba aphezulu okuwohloka kokuphefumula kunamadoda. Uma uhlela ukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-ICS yakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala ukuxoxa ngezinketho zakho.
- I-Metered Dose Inhalers (i-MDIs): Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abesifazane banamathuba okusebenzisa kabi i-MDI kunamadoda. Uma ungowesifazane osebenzisa i-MDI, qiniseka ukuthi wazi ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ngokuphumelelayo.
- Ukwelashwa kwe-oksijeni : Lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha lunconywa kwezinye iziguli ezinamazinga aphansi e-oksijeni egazi. Ucwaningo olulodwa lubonisa ukuthi abesifazane abaphathwa nge-long-term therapy ye-oxygen banesilinganiso esingcono sokusinda kunamadoda. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngolwazi oluthe xaxa.
- Izinguquko zokuphila: Esifundweni se-CHEST sika-2005, kungenzeka ukuthi abesifazane babe nephansi inkomba yomzimba womzimba (BMI) kunamadoda. Ukuze uthole impilo yakho yonke, ngokuvamile kunconywa ukugcina isisindo sakho "ebangeni" elivamile lika-18.5 kuya ku-24.9. Kodwa uma une-COPD ne-BMI yakho ingaphansi kuka-21, ukufa kwabantu kuyanda, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqapha le nombolo futhi mhlawumbe ukwengeze amakholori ekudleni kwakho uma uthola ukuthi i-BMI yakho ishona ngaphansi kuka-21.
> Imithombo:
> Cote CG, i-Chapman KR. Ukuxilongwa nokucabangela ukwelashwa kwabesifazane abane-COPD. 2009.
> Han, et al. Ubulili kanye Nezifo Eziphuthumayo Zokuvimbela Izifo: Kungani Kubalulekile. 2007.