Uma udokotela wakho esolwa ukuthi une- melanoma ye- metastatic (isigaba III noma i-IV), kukhona amathuluzi amaningana atholakalayo ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwesifo , ukucacisa isigaba esiqondile futhi uhlole uma usakaze ezindaweni zamakhansela zendawo noma ezikude, amaphaphu, ubuchopho, amathambo noma enye izindawo zomzimba. Lokhu kufaka hlangana ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-LDH (i-lactate dehydrogenase), i-sentinel lymph node biopsy , namtjhana ukucabangela ukucabanga ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-computed tomography (CT), i-imagery magnetic resonance (MRI) ne-positron emission tomography (PET).
Lesi singeniso sizokusiza ukuba ube nomqondo we-jargon futhi uqonde ukuthi yini ongayilindela ngalezi zikhathi ezithile ezesabisayo izinqubo zokuskena.
I-Tomical Computed (CT)
I-CT iyi-imaging indlela esebenzisa ama-x-ray amaningi ukudala izithombe ezithintekayo zomzimba. Izimboni ezincane ngaphakathi kwesithwebuli zikala inani lama-x-rays alenza ngalo ngxenye yomzimba ofundwayo. Ikhompiyutha ithatha lolu lwazi futhi lusetshenziselwa ukwakha izithombe eziningana, ezibizwa ngokuthi "tincetu." Izitho zezinhlobo ezintathu zezinhlobo zingadalwa ngokufaka izicucu zomuntu ngamunye ndawonye. Uma unesigaba sesi-III noma IV, "uma uhamba," noma i-melanoma ephindaphindiwe yendawo, cishe uzoba ne-CT scan ye-esifubeni, ngoba amaphaphu ngokuvamile ayindawo yokuqala yezifo zamathambo. Udokotela angase futhi ahlele i-CT scan ye-brain yakho, isisu noma isikhumba, kuye ngokuthi isiteji nezimpawu.
Yini ongayilindela. Ngesikhathi sokuqokwa kwakho, uzocelwa ukuba ulale emgodini omncane ohambisa phakathi kwe-CT scanner.
Ungathola umjovo we-intraveous (IV) wedayi, noma i-agent ye-radiocontrast, esiza izakhi ze-outline ezingcono emzimbeni wakho. Kuncike ekutheni isifundo senziwe, uzolala embilini, emuva noma ohlangothini lwakho. Uma usengaphakathi kwesithwebuli, i-ray ray ye-x yomshini ijikelezelana nawe. (Isithwebuli samanje "sokuvunguza" singenza ukuhlolwa kokuhamba okuqhubekayo.) Kumelwe ube namanje phakathi nokuhlolwa ngoba ukunyakaza kubangela izithombe ezififikile.
Ungatshelwa ukuthi ubambe umoya wakho isikhathi esifushane. Ngokuvamile, izikrini eziphelele zithatha imizuzu embalwa nje. Ama-scanner amaningi amasha amaningi angakwazi ukufanekisela umzimba wakho wonke, ikhanda ukuze uzenzele, ngaphansi kwamasekhondi angaba ngu-30.
Ukufaniswa kwe-Magnetic Resonance (MRI)
I-MRI iyindlela engavumelekile yokuthatha izithombe zomzimba. Ngokungafani nama-x-rays nama-CT, asebenzisa imisebe, i-MRI isebenzisa amagesi anamandla namagagasi omsakazo wokwakha isithombe. I-MRI iyasiza ekusetshenzisweni kwe-melanoma futhi kungadingeka ukuthi ithole izimiso ezengeziwe ezikude, ikakhulukazi ebuchosheni noma ngentambo yomgogodla.
Yini ongayilindela. Ukwenza ukuskena, ungase ucelwe ukugqoka isembatho sasesibhedlela noma izingubo ezingenazo izinsimbi zensimbi (njengezithukuthuku kanye neT-shirt). Uzolala etafuleni elincane, elishayela phakathi komshini we-MRI. Uma wesaba izikhala ezivaliwe (claustrophobia), tshela udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Ungase ubeke umyalelo omncane wokudambisa noma udokotela wakho angancoma i-MRI evulekile, lapho umshini ongasondelene nomzimba. Amadivayisi amancane, okuthiwa "amakhoyili," angase abekwe eduze kwekhanda, ingalo, umlenze noma ezinye izindawo okufanele zifundwe. Lawa madivaysi asiza ukuthumela nokuthola amagagasi omsakazo futhi athuthukise ikhwalithi yezithombe. Ezinye izivivinyo zidinga idayi ekhethekile (umehluko).
Idayi ivame ukunikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ngokusebenzisa umugqa ophazamisayo esandleni sakho noma engaphambili. Idayi isisiza i-radiologist ukubona izindawo ezithile ngokucacile. Ngesikhathi se-MRI, umuntu osebenza umshini uyokubuka kwelinye igumbi. Amasethi amaningana wezithombe ngokuvamile adingekayo, ngamunye uthatha imizuzu engu-2 kuya kwemi-15. Kuye ezindaweni okufundwe ngazo futhi uhlobo lwezinto zokusebenza, ukuhlolwa kungathatha ihora elilodwa noma ngaphezulu.
I-Positron Emission Tomography (i-PET)
I-PET iyi-test imaging esebenzisa imithi evulekile ukuze ibheke izifo emzimbeni. Ngokungafani nokuhlola kwe-MRI ne-CT, okudalula isakhiwo sezitho, ukuhlolwa kwe-PET kubonisa ukuthi izitho namathishu asebenza kanjani.
Le nqubo iboniswe ukuthi iwusizo ekuhlolweni kwamathambo ayisimo engaziwa, ukucacisa isiteji se-melanoma, nokuthola izicubu eziphindaphindiwe. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kunezwela kakhulu kune-CT scan yokubona izicubu ezincane ezijwayelekile ze-melanoma yametastoma kodwa namanje, ayikwazi ukufanisa ukunemba kwe-sentinel lymph node biopsy ekutholeni imithisiphasini emigqumeni ye-lymph nodes.
Yini ongayilindela. I-PET ihlola isebenzisa inani elincane le-radioactive "tracer" elijojelwe emthanjeni, ngokuvamile ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwendonga. Isidakamizwa sihamba ngegazi bese siqoqa ezithombeni noma izicubu ezinomsebenzi ophezulu. Uzokhishwa cishe cishe amaminithi angu-60 ngemva kokuthola into enomsakazo. Wena ulala etafuleni eliyi-slides ibe emgodini omezwe emhubheni phakathi nendawo ye-PET scanner. Umshini we-PET uthola amandla anikwe amandla yi-substanceactive radio futhi uyishintsha ibe izithombe ezintathu. Izithombe zithunyelwa kwikhompyutha, lapho zikhonjiswa khona kwi-monitor ukuze udokotela afunde. Kufanele uqambe amanga ngesikhathi sokuskena kwe-PET ukuze umshini athole izithombe ezicacile zezingxenye zakho. Ukuhlolwa kuthatha imizuzu engaba ngu-30.
Imithombo:
Dancey AL, Mahon BS, Rayatt SS. Ukubuyekezwa kwesithombe sokuxilonga ku-melanoma. I-Plast Yenza Isikhwama Se-Aesthet . 2008 61 (11): 1275-83. 18 Novemba 2008.
"I-Melanoma Ithola Kanjani?" I-American Cancer Society. 18 Novemba 2008.
"I-Melanoma" iNational Comprehensive Cancer Network. V.2.2009. 18 Novemba 2008.