U-Melanoma, uhlobo olubi kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba, lukhula emangqamuzaneni (melanocytes) akhiqiza i- melanin - i-pigment enika isikhumba sakho umbala. I-melanoma nayo ingaba emehlweni akho futhi, ngokungajwayelekile, ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi, ezifana namathumbu akho.
Isizathu esiqondile sawo wonke ama-melanomas asicacile, kodwa ukuvezwa kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) kusuka ekukhanyeni kwelanga noma izibani zomlilo kanye nemibhede kwandisa ingozi yakho yokudala i-melanoma.
Ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho emisebeni ye-UV kungasiza ukunciphisa ingozi ye-melanoma.
Ingozi ye-melanoma ibonakala iyanda kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-40, ikakhulukazi besifazane. Ukwazi izimpawu zokuxwayisa zomdlavuza wesikhumba kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinguquko zomdlavuza zitholakale futhi ziphathwa ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza usakaze.
I-Melanoma yiyona eyisikhombisa eyingozi kakhulu e-United States futhi isifo sayo siqhubeka sikhula ngokushesha kunanoma yimuphi omunye umdlavuza womuntu. Ngomnyaka we-1930 isilinganiso sokusinda kwe-melanoma sasihlehlisiwe, kodwa manje amazinga wokusinda eminyakeni emihlanu namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye angaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-80.
Izimpawu ze-Melanoma
I-Melanomas ingahlakulela noma kuphi emzimbeni wakho. Ngokuvamile zivame ukuthuthukiswa ezindaweni eziye zavezwa ilanga, njengemhlane wakho, imilenze, izingalo kanye nobuso. I-Melanomas nayo ingenzeka ezindaweni ezingatholi ukukhanya kwelanga okukhulu, njengezinyawo ezinyaweni zakho, izintende zezandla zakho kanye nemibhede yomunwe. Le melanomas efihliwe ivame kakhulu kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama.
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-melanoma nezimpawu ngokuvamile ziyizi:
- Ushintsho kumlenze okhona
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhula okubonakalayo okugqamile noma okungavamile esikhumbeni sakho
I-melanoma ayifuni njalo njenge-molecule. Kungase futhi kwenzeke esikhunjeni esivela-evamile.
Izinhlobo ze-Melanoma
Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko ze-melanoma enezici ezihlukile kanye nezindlela ezikhona zokuthola imetastasis:
Lentigo Maligna
Lolu hlobo lwe-melanoma luvame ukutholakala esifundeni senhloko nentamo. Iqala njengengubo encane, efana ne-asymmetric pigmented patch enemingcele engavamile kanye nokuhluka kombala kulo lonke lesi sifo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi i-patch ikhudlwana futhi igcina i-asymmetry yayo, imingcele engavamile, nokuhluka kombala. Lolu hlobo lwe-melanoma lungase luhlale lucwebekile futhi lugcinwe e-epidermis izinyanga iminyaka eminingi, kodwa ngandlela-thile luzofinyelela ezingeni elijulile lesikhumba, likhulise amathuba okuba nemetastases.
Ukusakaza okungenangqondo
Lolu hlobo lwe-melanoma luvame ukutholakala esiqu, izingalo ezingaphezulu, namathanga, futhi yiyona ndlela ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-melanoma emidlalweni emhlophe. Iqala i- macule encane enemibala efana ne- asymmetric, inemingcele engavamile, futhi inehlukahluka kombala. Lolu hlobo lwe-melanoma luhlala esiteshini esiphezulu isikhathi esincane kunomhlobo we-lentigo maligna ngaphambi kokuba ungene ezingeni elijulile lesikhumba.
I-Nodular
Lolu hlobo lwe-melanoma lungenzeka kunoma yisiphi isikhumba sendawo kodwa luvame ukutholakala kakhulu esihlahleni, ezingeni eliphezulu nasemathangeni. Uhlobo lwe-melularoma olune-nodular lunesigaba esincane kakhulu esingaphansi ngaphambi kokuba lube nesigungu esivela phezulu futhi singena ezingeni elijulile lesikhumba.
Lolu hlobo lwe-melanoma lungase lunezilonda futhi lubonise njengesilonda sesilonda esingelapheki.
I-Acral-I-Lentiginous
Lolu hlobo lwe-melanoma luvame ukutholakala ezandleni, ezinyaweni nasemibhedeni yama-nail. Kubonakala kuzo zonke izinhlanga kodwa kutholakala kakhulu emidlalweni emnyama. Kufana ne-lentigo maligna kanye nohlobo olusakazekayo olusakazekayo ngoba lunesigaba esiphezulu sendawo ngaphambi kokuba singena ezingeni elijulile lesikhumba.