Hlola uhlelo lokuphefumula

Funda ukuthi ama-Lungs akho asebenza kanjani

Ukuze uthole okungcono ukwelashwa kwakho kwe- COPD , kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi kwamapayipi akho. Umsebenzi wamapayipi ukuthola umoya futhi uphume ngaphakathi futhi uphume emzimbeni. Thatha uhlelo lokuphefumula ukuze ubone ukuthi le nqubo ivela kanjani.

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I-Nose ne-Nasal Cavity

Ikhala liwukuphela kwesitho esivela ngaphandle kwesistimu yokuphefumula. Ngenkathi kuvame ukuhloswa kwesihlamba esingenangqondo, kucabangela ukubaluleka kwayo, impumulo ifanelwe ukuhlonishwa okukhulu. Ikhala liqukethe ama-receipt for sense of smell. Ngenye yezindlela ezingaphandle kwomoya ezingena ohlelweni lokuphefumula lapho lihlungwa khona, lifudumala futhi lihlanjululwa.

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Uhlelo Oluphezulu Lokuphefumula

Uhlelo lokuphefumula oluphezulu luhlanganisa ikhala, impango yomzimba, i-pharynx (umphimbo), ne-larynx (ibhokisi lezwi). Enye yezindlela indlela umoya ophuma ngayo ohlelweni lokuphefumula ungena emakhaleni ekhaleni lapho ehlungiwe khona, ehliswa futhi efudumele ngaphakathi emgodini wesisu. I-ke idlula nge-pharynx (indlela eya kokubili emoyeni nokudla) futhi iyaqhubeka ne-larynx, enye indlela yokuhamba emoyeni. I-larynx iphinde isebenze ukuvimbela ukudla ukungena emkhakheni ophansi wokuphefumula.

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Isistimu Ephansi Yokuphefumula

Izakhiwo ezinkulu zephefumula elingaphansi zihlanganisa i-trachea (i-windpipe), nangaphakathi kwamaphaphu, i-bronchi, i-bronchioles, ne-alveoli.

Ngemva kohambo lwawo ngokusebenzisa i-larynx, umoya ophazamisekile ufinyelela ku-trachea. I-trachea yenziwe ngokuqinile, izindandatho ze-cartilage ezinama-C ezinikezela i-trachea ukuqina kwayo futhi zivumela ukuba zihlale zivulekile ngokuqhubekayo. I-trachea inamayintshi angu-4 ubude nobude obuyi-1 intshi futhi iguquguquka kakhulu emvelweni. Njengendwangu yomsindo, i-trachea isiza ukuhlunga, ukufudumala nokuvuselela umoya odlula kuyo.

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Ngaphakathi kwamaLungs

Ngemuva kokushiya i-trachea, ukuhamba kwe-air kuya emagqabini. Enye i-bronchus iholela kumaphaphu wesokunxele kanti enye, ngakwesokudla. Njengoba kufana ne-trachea, i-bronchi yakhiwa ngothambo lwe-C oluqinile ukuze linikeze ukusekela nokuqina.

Ngaphakathi emaphashini, i-bronchus ngayinye ihlukanisa phakathi kwe-bronchi yesibili nephakeme, bese ingena ezindizeni ezincane ezinjenge-bronchioles. Ngokuphambene ne-bronchi, i-bronchioles ayenziwe nge-cartilage eqinile futhi ngenxa yalokho ingaphansi kokucindezeleka nokuvinjelwa, njengoba kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhushulwa kwe- COPD . I-bronchioles iphela emasakeni omoya okuthiwa i-alveoli. I-alveoli iyindawo yokushintshaniswa kwegesi emaphashini.

I-Alveoli yizinhlaka ezincane, ezincane ezihlanganiswa ndawonye ngamaqoqo afana namagilebhisi ukwenza ama-alveolar sacs. Emkhatsini we-alveoli kukhona amanethiwekhi we-capillari (iminyana emincane yegazi) ethwala igazi emithanjeni yezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Kulapha lapho ukushintshaniswa kwegesi kwenzeka - i-carbon dioxide egazini ihanjiswe nge-oksijeni evela e-alveoli. Ngemuva kokuthi igazi eliphefumulayo lishiya i-alveoli, liya enhliziyweni, eliphakathi kwamaphaphu amabili, lapho liqhutshelwa khona emzimbeni wonke. I-carbon dioxide ixoshwa emzimbeni wakho isikhathi ngasinye lapho uphuma khona.

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Indima Ye-Diaphragm

I-diaphragm iyi-muscle enemibala, ihlezi phakathi kwesigxobo sakho se-thoracic noma isifuba nesisu sakho noma isisu. Kusukela kwindlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, zonke izilwane ezincelisayo zine-diaphragm nezidalwa ezincelisayo azikwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwesitho. Ngaphandle kweqhaza layo elibalulekile ekuphefumuleni, isitho sinesibopho senkulumo yethu eyinkimbinkimbi, amathoni ahlukene wokumemezela, ukucula, kanye nolwimi.

I-Diaphragm isisiza kanjani ukuphuza?

Etholakala ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwamaphaphu, i-diaphragm (i-DY-uh-fram) ingenye yemisipha emikhulu ehilelekile ekuphefumuleni. I-contracts, idonsa phansi, iphinde ifinyelele ngesikhathi i-inhalation, okubangela ukuba isikhumba sesifuba sande. Lo mbono udala isikhala esithinta umoya endaweni enkulu emaphashini. Ngesikhathi sokuphefumula, i-diaphragm ibuye ibuyele emuva, ibuyele esimweni sayo sangaphambilini, futhi umoya ugeleza emaphashini.

Ngesinye isikhathi le nqubo iqhuduka futhi iholele emasimini. Imvumelwano yokuqhafaza ayihambisani nokuvumelanisa noma iyacasuka (isb. Ukuphuza ngokushesha noma ukudla ngokushesha kakhulu), umoya ugijima ngaphakathi, futhi ukukhethwa kwamagama ukuvala ngokuzumayo lapho usabela khona emoyeni. Ukushaya umzimba wakho kwenza umphumela ozwakalayo ohlotshaniswa nama-hiccups.

Kukhona ukuvulwa lapho i-oophagus noma i-tube yakho yokudla idlula esuka esifubeni ukuya esiswini. Ukwengeza, ezinye izakhi ezibalulekile njengezinzwa ze-phrenic (isisindo esilawula ukunyakaza kwe-diaphragmatic), i-aorta (isitsha segazi esithwala igazi elicebile oksijini-oxygen), kanye ne-vena cava (ingxenye yesimiso esibuhlungu esithwala i-deoxygenated blood emuva emaphashini) bonke badlula umfutho we-diaphragm.

Izimpawu ezingase zibonise inkinga nge-diaphragm yakho ingafaka:

• Ukuphefumula okunzima
• Ukuphuza kancane kancane kunokujwayelekile
• Amazinga aphansi e-oxygen egazini
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni, ehlombe noma esiswini

Iziphi Izifo ezibangela Izinkinga Ze-Diaphragm?

• Ukukhubazeka okubangelwa yi-Congenital
• Ukutheleleka
• Lupus
• Ukungondleki
• Ukwelashwa kwamafutha
• Isibungu
• Izinkinga zesakhiwo ngemuva kwengozi noma ukulimala
• Izifo ze-thyroid

Iziphi Izivivinyo Zokuthi I-Doctor My Inqume?

• I-x-ray ye-Chest: inikeza isithombe ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini into eyakhayo eyaphazamisa umdwebo
• I-Fluroscopy: i-x-ray yangempela yesikhathi evumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi imfucumfucu yakho ihamba kanjani futhi iphumule.
• Izivivinyo zomsebenzi wamapulmonary : Lezi zivivinyo zihlola ukuthi uhamba kanjani emoyeni naphuma emaphashini.
• Ucwaningo lwe-Nerve conduction: lezi zivivinyo zihlola ukuthi ngabe isisindo se-phrenic sithumela yini izibonakaliso kumcibisholo ukuze usebenze kahle.

Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuxhomeke ekubambeni okuyinhloko futhi kungabandakanya imithi, ukwelashwa okusekelayo ukusiza ukuthi isifenqemeni sisebenze kangcono (isb. I-pacemaker efana kakhulu ne-pacemakers yenhliziyo) noma ukuhlinzwa.

_Imithombo

_{Ilabhulali Kazwelonke Yezokwelapha. I-Diaphragm namaphaphu. Ifinyelele ngo-Juni 15, 2015.}

_{Kitaoka H, ​​Chihara K. I-diaphragm: isici esifihliwe kodwa esibalulekile sesilwane esiluhlaza nesintu. I-Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010; 669: 167-71. Ifinyelele ngo-Juni 15, 2015.}

Ihlelwe nguPat Bass, MD

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Inqubo Yokuphefumula

Ukuphefumula kunezigaba ezimbili: ugqozi (uphefumula, futhi umoya ugeleza emaphashini) nokuphelelwa yisikhathi (uphefumula, uphephe emaphandleni). Ngesikhathi sokuphefumulelwa, isivumelwano se-diaphragm ne-intercostal imisipha evumela umoya ukuba ungene emaphashini. Ngesikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi, imisipha ye-diaphragm kanye ne-intercostal iphoqa ukuphoqa ukuphuma kwamapayipi.