Isifo se-Chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD) yisifo esingenakunyakaziswa sesifo samaphaphu abacwaningi abangakatholi indlela yokuphulukisa. Kodwa-ke, imithi ehlukahlukene kanye nemikhuba yokuphila ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu- ukuphefumula, ukuqhuma, ukukhwehlela nokukhiqizwa kwe-mucus, noma i-phlegm-nokunciphisa ingozi yezinye izimo ezihlobene ne-COPD, njenge-emphysema ne-bronchitis engapheli.
Ukuphatha i-COPD kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD , ukuphazamiseka kwezimpawu lapho ukukhwehlela, ukuvuthwa, nokuphefumula kufinyelela kakhulu, ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucus kwanda, futhi umcucu ungashintsha umbala kusuka obala kuya ophuzi, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omanzi noma igazi. Ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD kuvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka, kungadlulela izinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi kungakusiza ngisho nasezibhedlela, ngakho ukuhlala unempilo ngokujwayelekile kubalulekile ekusebenzelaneni ne-COPD njengokwelapha izimpawu.
Amakhambi asekhaya kanye nezinguquko zokuphila
Ungenza izinguquko zokuhlala nokuhlala ukuze usize ngezimpawu zakho ze-COPD futhi ugcine ukukhuphula okungenani.
Yeka ukubhema
Ukushaya umkhuba wokubhema kuwukuthi isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ongayithatha ukusiza ukuphatha i-COPD, futhi kwabanye abantu, lesi sinyathelo esisodwa yizo zonke ezidingayo ukusiza ukugcina izimpawu ze-COPD zisendaweni futhi zivimbele ukuthi zingabi nakakhulu. Kodwa-ke, akulula ukuyeka, ikakhulu uma usubhema iminyaka.
Uma kuhamba i-turkey ebandayo ngeke kusebenze kuwe, cabangela ezinye izinketho zokuyeka , njenge-nicotine esikhundleni sokwelapha ngokusebenzisa izinsiza ezifana ne-gom, i-inhalers, amaphilisi, ama-patches, noma ama-spray we-nasal ukuze unciphise ukuthanda; ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezifana ne-bupropion, i-Chantix (varenicline), noma i- clonidine , umcabango wezidakamizwa ze-hypertension okuwusizo ekwelapheni izimpawu zokuqeda i-nicotine; kanye nokwelulekwa noma ukuphathwa kweqembu.
Ukuzivocavoca njalo
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo kulungile impilo yakho yonke nokuphila kwengqondo. Kungakusiza nokugcina amandla akho nokukhuthazela. Xoxa nodokotela wakho ngokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokuzivocavoca okungcono kuwe.
Thola amaKhalori anele
Imithi ye-COPD, ukukhathala, nokuphefumula kanzima kungabangela ukuba ube nesifiso esincane noma amandla angaphansi kokudla, ngakho-ke khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela ongayilwisana nokuntuleka kokudla. Ukungatholi amakholori okwanele kungenza izimpawu zakho ze-COPD zibi nakakhulu futhi zikushiye ngaphezulu engozini yokutheleleka, okwenza izimpawu zakho zibe nzima nakakhulu. Ukudla ukudla okuvamile, okuncane kanye / noma ukuthatha amavithamini nezithako kungase kube izindlela zokuthola umsoco okudingayo.
Izindlela Zokuphefumula
Ukufunda amasu okuphefumula ukukusiza ukuphefumula ngokwengeziwe kungakusiza uphumule futhi unike amaphaphu akho kancane. Buza udokotela wakho noma ochwepheshe bokuphefumula ngolwazi oluthe xaxa.
Thola i-Pneumonia Vaccine
I-pneumonia ye-pneumococcal yisifo se-lungs esibangelwa yi-bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae . Abantu abane-COPD nezinye izimo zempilo ezingapheliyo bangengozini yokwanda kwe-pneumonia, engenza izimpawu zakho ze-COPD zibi nakakhulu. Ukuthola umgomo kungasiza ekuvimbeleni lokhu kugula kodwa hlola nodokotela wakho kuqala.
Thola Shot Flu yakho
Kukhona idatha yokubonisa ukuthi ukushaywa komkhuhlane kunganciphisa inani lokuvakasha kanye nokuvakasha kukadokotela uma une-COPD, futhi banciphisa ingozi yokugula ngisho nokufa. Ngisho noma kusho ukuthatha uhambo olwedlulele kudokotela noma kumthengisi wezidakamizwa wendawo, kufanelekile ukugwema izinkinga ezingase zivele ekutholeni umkhuhlane. Njenge-vacneum vaccine, hlola nodokotela wakho ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi kulungile ukuthi uthole ukuqhuma komkhuhlane.
Gcina ama-aphoyintimenti
Qinisekisa ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho ngezikhundla zakho ezihleliwe ezihleliwe, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Kubalulekile ukuthi ikuqaphele ukuthi ulandele inqubekelaphambili yakho, umsebenzi wakho wamaphaphu, futhi uqhubeke phezulu kwezokwelapha.
Imigomo
Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-COPD nezinkinga zempilo ezihlobene ziwela emakamu amabili asemqoka: Imithi yokuphatha izimpawu ezithile zesifo sakho kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, ezingahle zingalashwa, zingenza i-COPD yakho ibe yimbi kakhulu.
Bronchodilators
Ama-bronchodilators asiza ukuphumula imisipha ezindongeni zemimoya yakho ukuze kube lula ukuphefumula, ukunciphisa ukukhwehlela nokuphefumula okuncane.Izinhlobo ezimbili zama- bronchodilators ekuphatheni i-COPD:
- Ama-bronchodilators amancane asebenzayo: Le mithi isebenza phakathi kwemizuzu engu-15 kuya kwemi-20 ukuze kunciphise ukuphefumula, kepha imiphumela iphela kuphela amahora angu-4 kuya kwangu-6. Izibonelo zifaka i-Ventolin neProAir (albuterol), i-Atrovent (ipratropium), ne-Xopenex (levalbuterol).
- Ama-bronchodilator asebenza isikhathi eside: Le mithi isetshenziselwa ukugcina umoya wakho uvulekile futhi ukhululeke isikhathi esiningi (kubusuku bonke, isibonelo). Nakuba imiphumela ihlala isikhathi eside, kusukela emahoreni angu-12 kuya kwangu-24, le mithi iqala ukusebenza kancane kancane. Izibonelo zalolu hlobo lwe-bronchodilator zifaka i-Brovana (arformoterol), i-Arcapta (indacaterol), i-Serevent (i-salmeterol), ne-Spiriva (tiotropium).
Ungadinga uhlobo olulodwa kuphela noma kokubili, kuye ngezibonakaliso zakho. I-bronchodilators ivame ukuphathwa nge-inhaler noma ngokusebenzisa i-aerosol therapy, lapho umuthi unikezwa ngefomu elihle ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi elibizwa nge- nebulizer .
Corticosteroids engenayo
Uma unesidingo esiningi, udokotela wakho angase anikeze i-corticosteroid esebenzayo yansuku zonke. Lokhu kungasiza ukugcina ukuvuvukala kwakho phansi bese unciphisa inani lezinkathazo onayo. Izibonelo zifaka i-Flovent (fluticasone) ne-Pulmicort (budesonide). Imiphumela emibi engase ibe yingozi, ukutheleleka emlonyeni wakho, nokukhwabanisa isikhumba.
Inhlanganisela Inhalers
Uma i-COPD yakho inzima futhi / noma unzima kakhulu, udokotela wakho angase anikeze isisombululo se-inhaler noma se-nebulized ukuthi inhlanganisela ye-bronchodilator ne-corticosteroid. Izibonelo ze-inhalers enhlanganisela zibandakanya i-Symbicort, okuhlanganisa inhlobo ye-formoterol ne-budesonide, ne-Advair, inhlanganisela ye-salmeterol ne-fluticasone.
I-Oral Corticosteroids
Ngesikhathi ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD, i-corticosteroids yomlomo inganciphisa isikhathi sakho sokutakula, ithuthukise umsebenzi wakho wamaphaphu, futhi inciphise i-hypoxemia (amazinga aphansi oksijini egazini). Futhi banganciphisa ingozi yokuphindaphinda, ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kokwelapha, futhi, uma uphela esibhedlela, unciphise isikhathi esisekhona. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-corticosteroids yomlomo kungabangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu, kodwa-ke, ngakho-ke lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa kuphela isikhathi esifushane. I-Prednisone yinye isibonelo esinjalo se-corticosteroid yomlomo. Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa ukuphefumula kwesifo sikashukela, isifo sikashukela, ingozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka, i-cataracts, nokuzuza kwesisindo.
I-Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) Inhibitors
I-COPD (kanye ne-asthma) ingabangela ukwedlula ngokweqile kwe-enzyme okwandisa ukuvuvukala emaphashini okuthiwa i-phosphodiesterase-4 (i-PDE4). Ama-inhibitors e-PDE4 , avimbela le nzyme, athathwe kanyekanye ngosuku kwifomu yethebhulethi futhi asize ekunciphiseni ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD kubantu abane-bronchitis engapheli, umlando wezinkathazo, kanye ne-COPD enzima kakhulu. I-Daliresp (i-roflumilast) ingenye ye-PDE4 inhibitor. Imiphumela emibi ingafaka isifo sohudo, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuphazamisa ukulala, ukuhlukumeza, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, kanye nokukhanda ikhanda.
Ama-antibiotics
Uma wehla nge-bacteria ukutheleleka kokuphefumula okufana ne-bronchitis noma i-pneumonia, udokotela wakho angase anike imithi elwa namagciwane. Le mithi isebenza ngokumelene nama-bacteria kodwa hhayi ama-virus; Ngamanye amazwi, ngeke baqede ukushisa okuvamile noma umkhuhlane. Uma umisiwe inkambo yama-antibiotic, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha yonke imithi kadokotela, ngisho nangemva kokuba uqale uzizwa ungcono. Ukuqedela umshwalense kungakwandisa ingozi yokulwa nokulwa namagciwane.
Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esidlule lubonise ukuthi ukuthatha ama-antibiotics ngokuqhubekayo akuzange kusize ukukhushulwa. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olusha luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuthatha iZithromax (azithromycin) noma i-Erythrocin (erythromycin) unyaka kuncishiswe inani lezinkathazo kubantu ababekade benabo njalo. Akukho bufakazi bokuthi ukwelashwa okungaphezu konyaka kuyasiza.
Therapy Lung
Uma une-COPD elinganisiwe noma enamandla, udokotela wakho angasebenzisa ukwelashwa kwamaphaphu ngaphezu kwemithi.
Ukwelashwa kwe-oksijeni
Kuye ngezidingo zakho ngabanye, i- oxygen eyengeziwe ingadingeka amahora angu-24 ngosuku, kuphela ebusuku, noma phakathi kwendawo. Ukuphefumula okomoya akukona nje ukwandisa izinga lokusinda ezigulini ezine-COPD, kodwa kungasiza ukunciphisa izimpawu zakho nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila ngokukusiza ukuba ulale kangcono ebusuku, uqaphele emini, futhi uhlanganyele emisebenzini enezimpawu ezimbalwa. Lezi zinzuzo zingase zizuze ukuhlaselwa okungase kube khona kwe-oksijeni yokwelashwa: okudingayo ukugqoka i-cannula yangasese (isethi yamathoyizi amancane ahambisa oksijini emakhaleni angene emoyeni) noma imaski, kanye nokubhekana ne-oxygen canisters.
Ukuvuselelwa kwePulmonary
Lokhu kungenelela kwamanye amazwe kubantu abaneCOPD, okubandakanya ukuhlolwa, ukuvivinya umzimba, imfundo kanye nokusekelwa kwengqondo, kuyasiza kakhulu kulabo abanezimpawu ezinjalo ezikhungathekile ukuthi abakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke njengokujwayelekile. Ngosizo lweqembu labachwepheshe, okungabandakanya odokotela, abahlengikazi, abahlinzayo bokuphefumula, ababelapha ngokomzimba, abadliwayo, abahlinzeki bezemisebenzi, kanye nabachwepheshe be-psychologists, ungaba nezibonakaliso ezinzima kakhulu, ujabulele impilo ejwayelekile yansuku zonke, futhi ube nezindleko zokunakekelwa kwempilo ephansi .
Ukuvuselelwa kwepulmonary kufanele kuhlale isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukukhiqiza inzuzo enkulu ngaphandle kokuba umthwalo. Kwabanye abantu, lokhu kungathatha njengambalwa ezinsukwini ezingu-10, kanti abanye bangadinga izinyanga ezingu-18 ukukhombisa ngcono.
Ukuhlinzwa
Uma imishanguzo ingathuthuki izimpawu zakho futhi iqhubeka ikhula, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu ozobhapathizwa ukuhlinzeka ngamaphaphu, ngakho-ke lokhu kungase kungabi inketho kuwe.
Bullectomy
Lokhu kuhlinzekwa kuhilela ukukhishwa kwe-bullae, okuyizikhala ezinkulu zomoya ezakhayo lapho izindonga zamabhasi akho emoyeni zibhujiswa, njengeCOPD. Ukukhipha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kulawa bullae kungasiza ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwe-air.
Ukwelashwa Kwamazinga Okunciphisa Umthamo
Kulesi ukuhlinzwa, izicubu ezonakalisiwe zisusiwe engxenyeni engenhla yamapayipi akho. Lokhu kuvumela amaphaphu akho ukuba awandise ngokuqhubekayo ukuze ukwazi ukuphefumula kalula futhi kungase kwandise impilo yakho.
Ukufakelwa kwe-Lung
Lokhu kuhlinzwa okukhulu okufaka ukufaka esikhundleni sephaphu lakho elilimaziwe ngephaphu enempilo evela kumnikeli. Kungaba ukhetho uma amaphaphu akho ewonakele kakhulu kwezinye ukuhlinzwa. Nakuba ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila, kunezingozi, kubandakanya ukuthi umzimba wakho uzolahla amaphaphu omnikeli. Kuzodingeka uthathe imithi ephikisana nesistimu yakho yomzimba yonke impilo yakho, okushiya uvuleleke engozini yokutheleleka.
Imithi yokwelapha ngaphezulu
Kukhona amavithamini nama-supplements amancane angasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zakho, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthi ungeze noma yikuphi ohlelweni lwakho lwamanje lwezokwelapha.
Amavithamini C no-E
Ucwaningo oluncike emphakathini waseKorea lubonise ukuthi ukwandisa ukudla kwakho okudlayo kwamavithamini C no-E, kokubili okuyi-antioxidants, kungathuthukisa umsebenzi wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi emadodeni. Akucaci ukuthi umthamo uyadingeka yini ukuze uzuze, kodwa lezi zithako zingase zibe okuthile okufanele uzicabangele.
Amafutha Eucalyptus
Amafutha e-Eucalyptus avame ukutholakala emaconsi okukhwehlela futhi atholakale njengokwazi ukukhipha umcubu. Esicwaningweni sokusebenza kwamafutha e-eucalyptus ekwelapheni i-COPD, abahlanganyeli banikezwa amakhisolisi e-cineole, isithako esikhulu emafutheni e-eucalyptus, kathathu ngosuku izinyanga eziyisithupha, kanye nemithi yabo ejwayelekile kanye nemithi yokwelashwa. Akukhona nje ukucindezeleka okuncane kakhulu, okuncane kakhulu, futhi okufushane, kodwa i-cineole yasiza ukuvula imimoya yomoya futhi ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwamanzi, ukunciphisa ukuphefumula nokuphelelwa amandla.
Imithi yokwelapha ehambisanayo
Kukhona nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yakho yonke yokuphila lapho bengezwa ohlelweni lwakho lwezokwelapha. Abanye abantu bazama imithi ye-herbal ukusiza izimpawu zabo ze-COPD, kodwa ayikho ucwaningo oluningi ekusebenzeni kwabo. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthi uzame noma iyiphi yalezi zindlela.
Yoga
I-American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) ithi i-yoga inenzuzo uma une-COPD. Esifundweni esincane sabantu abane-COPD ezinzile, emva kwesikhathi seviki ezingu-12 sokuqeqeshwa kwe-yoga, umsebenzi wabo wamaphaphu, ukuphefumula, izinga eliphelele lokuphila, nokuvuvukala kwakuthuthukisiwe kakhulu.
I-Acupuncture
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-acupuncture, ukubeka izinaliti ezincane zibe amaphuzu athile emzimbeni, kungase kube omunye ukwelashwa okuhambisanayo uma ubheka uma une-COPD. Ucwaningo olulodwa lwabantu abane-COPD basebenzisa imithi kuphela kanye nabantu abasebenzisa kokubili imithi kanye nokukhwabanisa kwamasonto angu-8 bathola ukuthi kulabo abasebenzisa inhlanganisela, ukuphefumula nokuzikhandla kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila kwakuthuthukisiwe kakhulu. Olunye isifundo, olwenziwe ngaphezu kwamasonto angu-10, lubonise imiphumela efanayo.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-acupuncture inezingozi ezimbalwa, kungase kudingeke uzame ukubona ukuthi ingasiza ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu zakho. Ezinye izinzuzo ezingase zibe khona zihlanganisa ukulala okungcono, ukukhulula ukukhathazeka, nokuthuthukisa isimo sakho sengqondo.
Umgogodla we-Lung
I-Flung Lung iyisetshenziswa sokuphefumula esenziwe ngesandla esivunywe yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ukusiza ukucacisa amaphaphu akho. Isebenza ngokudala ukudlidliza kwamagundane aphansi kakhulu emaphashini akho uma ushaya ngamandla ngomlomo. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlukanisa i-mucus, okwenza kube lula kuwe ukukhwehlela uphinde uthumele.
Ucwaningo olulodwa kubantu abane-bronchitis engapheli kubonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa uFult Flute kubangele ukucindezeleka okuncane, ukuthuthukiswa kokuphefumula kokubili lapho ukuphumula nokusebenza, nokukhwehlela kancane nokukhiqizwa kwe-phlegm. Abahlanganyeli bathi bakutholile ukuthi bayasebenza futhi bafuna ukuqhubeka besisebenzisa njalo. I-Flung Lung itholakale kuphela nge-odokotela e-United States, ngakho-ke khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi ngabe lokhu kungase kube ukufaka okuhle emphakathini wezokwelapha.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Lung Association. Ukuphatha Imithi Yakho Ye-COPD. Kubuyekezwe ngomhla ka-16 Disemba, 2017.
> I-Global Initiative ye-Lung Dungase Chronicle Obstructive. Isu Lomhlaba Wonke Lokuthola Ukuxilongwa, Ukuphathwa Nokuvimbela Izifo Eziphuthumayo Zokuvimbela Izifo Eziphuthumayo: Umbiko we-2018 . Ishicilelwe ngoNovemba 20, 2017.
> Joshi P, Kim WJ, Lee SA. Umphumela we-Dietary Antioxidant engozini ye-COPD: i-KoGES (Ansan-Anseong) yeqembu elisuselwa emphakathini. I-International Journal ye-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease . 2015; 10: 2159-2168. i-doi: 10.2147 / i-COPD.S91877.
> Abasebenzi beMayo Clinic. I-COPD: Ukuxilongwa Nokuphathwa. I-Mayo Clinic. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 11, 2017.
> Worth H, Schacher C, Dethlefsen U. Ukwelapha okuhambisanayo Ne-Cineole Eucalyptole kunciphisa ukuqhuma okukhulu ku-COPD: Isivivinyo Esibukhali Esibukhali Esibukhali Bendawo. Ucwaningo lokuphefumula . 2009; 10 (1): 69. i-doi: 10.1186 / 1465-9921-10-69.