Izidakamizwa ziphethwe yiNqubo Yokusebenza Nezinhloso Zokusetshenziswa
I-Corticosteroids ibhekisela ekilasini lesidakamizwa esisetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo samathambo nesifo esithile sokuvutha . Ngenxa yokuthi ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi "i-steroids," abantu bazovame ukukholelwa ukuthi bayinto efanayo ne-anabolic steroids esetshenziswa amandla okuqinisa nokusebenza ngokomzimba.
Sibutsetelo
Igama elithi "steroid" liyigama elibanzi elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza noma yikuphi okuhlanganiswe ngesakhiwo esithile sezakhi zamangqamuzana (esinezintambo ezine ezifakwe ama-athomu angu-17).
Umsebenzi we-steroids ukugcina ubuqotho besithombeni se-cell noma ukuvuselela i-receptor esakhiweni seseli ukulawula indlela okuziphatha ngayo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ze-steroid ezitholakala emvelweni, zihlukaniswa kabanzi ngokuthi:
- I-sex steroids, kuhlanganise i-estrogen, i- progesterone , ne- testosterone
- I-Corticosteroids, kuhlanganise ne- glucocorticoids (njenge-cortisol) elawula umsebenzi wokuzivikela omzimba kanye ne-mineralocorticoids (efana ne-aldosterone) elawula ukulinganisa kwe-electrolytes
- I-Secosteroids njengevithamini D esiza ukulawula imisebenzi eminingi yezinto eziphilayo
- Ama-neurosteroids afana ne- DHEA okusiza ekuqaliseni amahomoni wesilisa nowesifazane
- Ama-sterols afana ne- cholesterol esiza ukugcina ubuqotho be-cell membrane
I-Anabolic Steroids
I-steroid ye-Anabolic iyindlela ehlukahlukene yokwenziwa kwama-hormone wesilisa omzimba (androgens). Zisetshenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwemisipha yamathambo (umphumela we-anabolic) kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezici zesondo zocansi (umphumela we-androgenic).
I-steroids yama-anabolic itholakale ngogciwane futhi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo eziholela emazingeni aphansi angaphansi kwe-testosterone ( hypogonadism ). Izimbangela zingase zihlanganise amathanga angenasidingo, ukulimala kwe-testicle, i-hemochromatosis (i-iron ngokweqile egazini), izifo ze-pituitary, izifo ezivuthayo, ukukhuluphala, nokutheleleka okuphezulu kwe-HIV .
Ngenxa yemiphumela yabo ye-anabolic, izidakamizwa zivame ukuhlukunyezwa ngabagijimi noma abantu abafuna ukuthuthukisa ukubonakala kwabo ngokomzimba. Ukuhlukumeza isikhathi eside kwe-anabolic steroids kungaholela emiphumeleni enhle yempilo, kuhlanganise:
- I-acne ejulile
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwebele emadodeni ( gynecomastia )
- Izinwele ebusweni nezomzimba ukukhula kwabesifazane (i-hirsutism)
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
- Umoya odumile ushintsho ("ukuthukuthela okugubhayo")
- Ukuziphatha komuntu
- Shrinkage yamathambo
- Ukuqhafaza umdwebo wesilisa kumabini omabili
- Ukuya esikhathini okungavamile
- Ukungenzi lutho
- I-Yellowing yamehlo noma isikhumba (i-jaundice)
- I-Tendon rupture
- Izicubu zesibindi noma umdlavuza
- Ukukhula okunamandla ebusheni
Corticosteroids
I-Corticosteroids ibhekisela kumakhemikhali okwenziwa ngokwemvelo ekhiqizwa yi- correx adrenal noma izinguqulo zokwenziwa eziveza isimo sabo se-molecular. I-Corticosteroids yenza isistimu yomzimba ngokuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezenza izimpendulo zomsindo nezivuvu.
Lezi zidakamizwa zingathunyelwa ngomlomo, ngokomzimba, ngekhanda, noma ngomjovo ukuphatha izimo zezempilo ezifana nemithi, isifo se-Crohn , isifo sofuba esiswini, izifo ezibangelwa yi-rheumatoid arthritis noma i-lupus), ukuphazamiseka kwegazi (njenge-lymphoma ne-leukemia), futhi umdlavuza we-prostate.
Imithi ye-corticosteroid evame ukushiwo e-US ihlanganisa:
- I-Betamethasone
- Budesonide
- I-Cortisone
- Dexamethasone
- I-Hydrocortisone
- I-Methylprednisolone
- I-Prednisolone
- I-Prednisone
- I-Triamcinolone
Lezi zidakamizwa zitholakala ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukahlukene wegama kanye namafomu.
Izinzuzo nezingozi
I-Corticosteroids yimithi enamandla engakwazi ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala ngokushesha ngenkathi ivuselela ukutakula. Uma kuthiwa, ukusebenzisa ngokweqile izidakamizwa kungabangela imiphumela emibi nakwezinye izikhathi ephikisanayo, kubandakanya:
- Inzuzo yesisindo
- I-acne
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
- Ukuthinteka kwesikhumba
- Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwamafutha omzimba (lipodystrophy)
- I-Tendon rupture
- I-hypertension
- Isifo sikashukela
- I-osteoporosis
- I-cataract
- Ukwenyuka okukhudlwana ukutheleleka
- Izilonda zesisu
- Ukucindezeleka
Ukwandisa izinzuzo, i-corticosteroids inqunywe ngomthamo ophansi kunazo zonke esikhathini esifushane sokufinyelela umphumela omuhle kakhulu.
Uma isetshenziselwa izinkathi ezinde, izidakamizwa kumele zifakwe kancane kancane ukuze i-adrenal gland ithathe kancane kancane umsebenzi wayo ojwayelekile. Ukuyeka ngokushesha kungabangela izimpawu zokuhoxisa kanye nenhlekelele engaba yingozi yokuphila.
Izwi elivela
Uma uhlelo lwakho lwezokwelapha luhilela ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-corticosteroid, qaphela njalo izinzuzo nezingozi ngodokotela wakho. Kuye ngesimo sakho sempilo, kungase kube nezinye izinketho ezingaletha ukukhululeka okufanayo ngenengozi encane kakhulu.
Ekugcineni, kungcono kakhulu ukugcina i-corticosteroids yokusetshenziswa kamuva uma isidingo semithi singase sibe sikhulu kakhulu.
> Imithombo:
> Waljee, A .; Rogers, M .; Lin, P. et al. "Ukusebenzisa isikhathi esifushane i-corticosteroids yomlomo nezidakamizwa ezihlobene phakathi kwabantu abadala e-United States: isifundo seqembu esisekelwe kubantu." BMJ. 2017; 357: j1415. I-DOI: & https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j1415.
> Yu, J .; Bonnerud, P .; U-Eriksson, A. et al. "Imiphumela ye-Supply of Long-Term Supplement of Anabolic Androgen Steroids kwi-Human Skeletal Muscle." PLoS ONE. 2014; 9 (9): e105330. I-DOI: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.pone.0105330.