Ukuthuthukiswa Okubalulekile Kweminyaka Engaphezu Kwengu-400
Ngezinye izikhathi uzwa i- fibromyalgia ebizwa ngokuthi "i-fad diagnosis" noma "isifo esisha," kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi i-fibromyalgia ayikude. Inamakhulu eminyaka yomlando, enezinguquko eziningi zamagama nezintambo ezilahliwe endleleni.
Nakuba kungavunyelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngumphakathi wezokwelapha, futhi ukwamukelwa kwawo okwamanje akuyona yonke indawo, i-fibromyalgia isiye indlela ende futhi ucwaningo lwamanje luyaqhubeka lufakazela ubufakazi bokuthi kuyisifo sangempela somzimba.
I-akhawunti ye-fibromyalgia ephindwe kaningi kakhulu elandelwa kaningi ivela ephepheni lika-2004 ngabacwaningi u-Fatma Inanici no-Muhammad B. Yunus. Lo mlando uhlanganiswe emsebenzini wabo kanye nolwazi olusha kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.
Buyela Ekuqaleni - 1592-1900
Ekuqaleni, odokotela babengenazo izincazelo ezihlukile kuzo zonke izimo ezibuhlungu esizazi namuhla. Izincazelo kanye nesigama samagama zaqala ngokubanzi futhi kancane kancane zancipha.
Ngo-1592, udokotela waseFrance u-Guillaume de Baillou wethula igama elithi "rheumatism" ukuchaza ubuhlungu obungasuka ekulimazeni. Leli gama elibanzi elizofaka i-fibromyalgia kanye ne-arthritis nezinye izifo eziningi. Ekugcineni, odokotela baqala ukusebenzisa "i-rheumatism muscular" ngezimo ezibuhlungu, ezifana ne-fibromyalgia, engabangeli ukubola.
Eminyakeni emibili namakhulu eminyaka kamuva, izincazelo namanje zazingavamile. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1815, udokotela ohlinzayo waseScotland uWilliam Balfour waphawula izicubu ezithinta izicubu ezixhumene nazo futhi wathi ukuvuvukala kungase kube ngemuva kokushukela kanye nobuhlungu.
Wayengowokuqala ukuchaza amaphuzu amathenda (okwakuzosetshenziswa kamuva ukuhlolisisa i-fibromyalgia .)
Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka kamuva, udokotela waseFrance uFrancios Valleix wasebenzisa igama elithi "neuralgia" ukuchaza lokho ayekholelwa ukuthi ubuhlungu obubhekiswe kumaphuzu amathenda ahamba ngezinzwa. Eminye imibono yosuku yayihlanganisa ukuphelelwa kwezinzwa ezingasebenzi noma izinkinga ngezidumbu ngokwabo.
Ngo-1880, isazi sezinzwa zeMelika uGeorge William Beard sakha imigomo ye-neurasthenia ne-myelosthenia ukuchaza ubuhlungu obubanzi kanye nokuphazamiseka nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ukholelwa ukuthi isimo sibangelwa ukucindezeleka.
1900 - 1975
Ukwakhiwa kwegama elilodwa elibheke kakhulu liqhume ngempela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Amagama ahlukene okugula okufana ne-fibromyalgia afaka:
- myogeloses
- imisipha yokuqina
- i-fibrositis
I-Fibrositis, eyakhiwe ngo-1904 yiBritish wezinzwa zeBrithani uSir William Gowers, yiyona eyabambelela. Izimpawu uGowers okukhulunywe ngazo zizobonakala zijwayele kulabo abane-fibromyalgia:
- ubuhlungu obukhulu
- ukuzwela ekucindezelweni
- ukukhathala
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala
- ukuzwela kubanda
- ukuhlukumeza kwezimpawu ngokusetshenziswa kwemisipha ngaphezulu
Njengokwelapha, wancoma ukujova kwe-cocaine, njengoba i-cocaine isetshenziselwa imithi njengama-antichetic.
Ngokwemvelo, "fibro" kusho izicubu ezihlangene futhi "itis" kusho ukuvuvukala. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuba uGowers ebeka igama, omunye umcwaningi washicilela ucwaningo olubonakala luqinisekisa ukuthi kuningi imibono kaGowers mayelana nezinqubo zokuvuvukala esimweni. Lokhu kwasiza ukuqinisa i-term fibrositis ngezilimi zomdabu. Okumangalisa ukuthi lo munye ucwaningo kamuva watholakala ukuthi uyiphutha.
Ngomnyaka we-1930, isithakazelo esifakwe ebuhlungwini be-muscle esivela esethenda / amaphuzu amaphuzu namashadi ala maphethini aqala ukuvela.
Ukujova kwendawo ye-anesthetic kwaqhubeka kube yindlela yokwelashwa ephakanyisiwe.
I-Fibrositis ayilona ukuxilongwa okungavamile emuva ngaleso sikhathi. Iphepha le-1936 lathi i-fibrositis yayiyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-rheumatism engapheliyo. Iphinde yathi, eBrithani, yabalelwa ngamaphesenti angu-60 amacala omshuwalense ngesifo se-rheumatic.
Futhi kuleso sikhathi, umqondo wokuzwa ubuhlungu be-muscle waboniswa ngokucwaninga. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngezindlela ezibuhlungu lwalukhulume ubuhlungu obujulile kanye ne- hyperalgesia (impendulo evezwe ubuhlungu) futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ngowokuqala ukuphakamisa ukuthi isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko sihilelekile esimweni.
Ukwengeza, iphepha elibhekiswe kumaphuzu okuqala nokuhlunguphazwa okukhulunywe ngalo liveza igama elithi " ubuhlungu be-myofascial syndromes " ngenxa yobuhlungu bendawo.
Abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi ubuhlungu obubanzi bomzimba we-fibrositis bungabuka kumuntu oyedwa ophethe izifo eziningi ze-myofascial pain syndrome.
IMpi Yezwe II yaqala ukugxila lapho odokotela beqaphela ukuthi amasosha cishe ayengaba ne-fibrositis. Ngenxa yokuthi abazange babonise izimpawu zokuvuvukala noma ukuwohloka ngokomzimba, futhi izimpawu zavela ezihlobene nokucindezeleka nokucindezeleka, abacwaningi babhala ngokuthi "i-rheumatism yengqondo". Ucwaningo lwango-1937 lwaphakamisa ukuthi i-fibrositis yayiyisimo "esingapheli kwengqondo yengqondo." Ngakho-ke, ingxabano eqhubekayo phakathi kwezinto ezingokomzimba nezingokwengqondo yazalwa.
I-Fibrositis yaqhubeka yamukelwa, nakuba odokotela bebengavumelani kahle ukuthi kwakunjani. Ngo-1949, isahluko saleso simo sibonakala encwadini ethi umbhalo we-rheumatology ebizwa kahle okuthiwa i- Arthritis ne-Allied Conditions . Lathi, "[T] lapha angeke asakwazi ukungabaza ngokuqondene nesimo esinjalo." Ikhulume ngezimbangela eziningana ezikhona, kubandakanya:
- ukutheleleka
- ukuthukuthela noma ukusebenza
- izimo zesimo sezulu
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo
Noma kunjalo, izincazelo zaziyizinhlaka ezingavamile esingazazi manje njengezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezihlukene kakhulu zezimo zobuhlungu. Ngokuvamile zazihilela ukukhathala, ukuphathwa ikhanda nokucindezeleka kwengqondo, kodwa ukulala okuncane kwakungekho okushiwo.
Incazelo yokuqala ye-fibrositis efana nalokho esikuqaphelayo namuhla ngokuthi i-fibromyalgia yafika ngo-1968. Iphepha lomcwaningi u-Eugene F. Traut lathi:
- female predominance
- ukucindezeleka okujwayelekile nokuqina
- ukukhathala
- ikhanda
- i-colitis
- ukulala kabi
- "ukukhathazeka kakhulu"
- Amaphuzu amathenda athola ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba
- ukuxhumana okubalulekile kwengqondo
Kanye nobuhlungu obukhulu, wazi ukuthi ezinye zezifunda ezibonakala zivamile, kuhlanganise nalokho esikuziyo manje njenge-carpal tunnel syndrome. Ukhulume ngokuthi "amazinga ahlukahlukene e-spine axis," ongayibona kusukela ekucwaningeni kwamanje: ubuhlungu ku-axial skeleton (amathambo ekhanda, umphimbo, isifuba nomgogodla) nakuwo wonke ama-quadrants amane omzimba.
Eminyakeni emine kamuva, umcwaningi uHugh A. Smythe wabhala isahluko sencwadi ethi fibrositis eyayinethonya elikhulu ekufundeni esikhathini esizayo futhi yaholela ekuthiwa "umkhulu we-fibromyalgia yanamuhla." Ukholelwa ukuthi nguye owokuqala ukuchaza nje kuphela njengesimo esasakazeke, ngakho-ke sihlukanisa nokuhlukunyezwa kwesifo somzimba.
U-Smythe akazange afake ukulala okuncane ekuchazeni kodwa wachaza ukuthi ubuthongo obunjani ezigulini futhi wanikezela nge- electroencephalogram engashicilelwa (ukutadisha ubuthongo) okutholakele okubonisa ukukhubazeka esiteji-3 nokulala kwesigaba-4. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wathi ukulala okungenabuyiselwa, ukuhlukunyezwa nokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo konke kungabangela izimpawu eziphakeme.
Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lwaluqinisekisa ukulala okungavamile kanye nokubonisa ukuthi ukulala okungabangela ukulala kungabangela izimpawu ezinjenge-fibromyalgia ezinjengabantu abaphilile.
U-Smythe wabe esehileleke ocwaningweni ukuthi amaphuzu amathenda ahlongozwe kangcono futhi aphakamise ukusetshenziswa kwabo ekuxilongweni. Ibuye ibhale ubuhlungu obungapheli, ukulala okuphazamisayo, ukuqina kosuku , nokukhathala njengezimpawu ezingasiza ukuxilonga lesi simo.
1976 - Okwamanje
Ngesikhathi abacwaningi beye bathuthuka kahle, babengazange bathole ubufakazi bokuvuvukala, "itis" ku-fibrositis. Leli gama lashintshwa laba yi-fibromyalgia: "i-fibro" echaza izicubu ezixhumeneyo, "imisipha" yami, futhi "algia" isho ubuhlungu.
Noma kunjalo, kwahlala imibuzo eminingi. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zaziyinto engaqondakali futhi evamile kubantu. Odokotela basenaso isibambo kulokho i-fibromyalgia eyayiyikho.
Khona-ke, isifundo se-seminal esiholwa ngu-Muhammed Yunus saphumela ngo-1981. Sagcizelela ukuthi ubuhlungu, ukukhathala nokulala okungapheli kwakuvame kakhulu kubantu abane fibromyalgia kunezihloko zokulawula okunempilo; ukuthi inani lamaphuzu wethenda lalikhulu kakhulu; nokuthi ezinye izimpawu eziningi zazivame kakhulu. Lezi zimpawu ezengeziwe zihlanganisa:
- ukuvuvukala kwe-subjective
- i-paresthesia (izinzwa ezingavamile zesisindo)
- Izimo ezixubile ezifana nesifo sofuba esiswini (IBS), ikhanda lokuhlukunyezwa, kanye ne-migraines
Leli phepha lakha ngokwanele iqoqo lezinhlamvu eziqhubekayo ukuze libonise ngokusemthethweni i-fibromyalgia isifo kanye nenqubo yokuqala efakazelwe ukwehlukanisa labo abane-fibromyalgia kwabanye.
Ucwaningo oluningi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi luqinisekisile ukuthi lezi zimpawu kanye nezimo ezixubile empeleni zihlobene ne-fibromyalgia.
U-Yunus wabe esehola ucwaningo oluqinisa umqondo wezimo eziningana eziguqulwayo, kubandakanya i- dysmenorrhea eyinhloko (isikhathi esibuhlungu) kanye ne-IBS, ikhanda lokuhlukunyezwa, kanye ne-migraine. Wabe esekholelwa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwakunemifantu emisipha, kodwa lokho kusikisela kwakuzobe sekuyisikhathi sokuthi kuvezwe inkulumo ephakathi kwezwe.
Kusukela leli phuzu, sinezibalo eziningi zocwaningo olushicilelwe futhi lwenziwa ngenqubekela phambili. Asisenazo zonke izimpendulo, kodwa sithole ukuqonda okungcono kangcono kwalokho okungahle kwenzeke emzimbeni wethu.
Intuthuko ebalulekile ihlanganisa:
- 1984 - Ukutadisha kokuqala kwanyathelisa ukuxhumanisa ukukhula kwesifo se-fibromyalgia kulabo abane- arthritis ye-rheumatoid
- 1985 - Ukutadisha okuqala ukulawulwa kwe- fibromyalgia yezingane kuyashicilelwa
- 1986 - Izidakamizwa ezithonya i- serotonin ne- norepinephrine zaboniswa okokuqala ukuthi ziyasebenza
- 1990 - I-American College of Rheumatology isungula izindlela ezisemthethweni zokuxilongwa kobuhlungu obubanzi kanye nobubele obuncane okungenani okungu-11 kwezingu-18 zamaphuzu amathenda athile, ngakho-ke kufaka imigomo yokufaka ucwaningo emhlabeni jikelele
- 1991 - I-Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire eyenzelwe odokotela ukuhlola umsebenzi
- 1992 - Ukutholakala kwamazinga aphansi okukhula-ama-hormone
- 1993 - Izifundo zibonisa ukugqugquzelwa okuphakathi kanye ne- HPA axis (isimiso sokucindezeleka) okungavamile
- 1994 - Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziphakeme P (isithunywa sobuhlungu) ku-fluid cerebrospinal
- 1995 - Ucwaningo lokuqala lwe-US lubonisa ukuthi i-fibromyalgia ngamaphesenti amabili wabantu
- 1995 - I-SPECT yokuqala (ukucabangela ubuchopho) kubonisa izindlela ezingavamile zokugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni
- 1999 - Isifundo sokuqala esibonisa isakhi sezakhi zofuzo ukuchaza ukuthi kungani kusebenza emindenini
- 2000 - Ukubuyekezwa kobufakazi bemali yegama eliphakathi kwe-syndromes central sensitization syndromes
- 2005 - UmNyango we-American Pain ukhulula iziqondiso zokuqala zokwelapha ubuhlungu be-fibromyalgia
- 2007 - I- Lyrica (pregabalin) iba yikwelashwa yokuqala ye-FDA e-US (i- Cymbalta (duloxetine) no- Savella (milnacipran) elandelwe, ngo-2008 no-2009, ngokulandelana
- 2010 - I-American College of Rheumatology ikhiphe enye indlela yokuxilonga ngokusebenzisa imibuzo kodwa esikhundleni samaphuzu amathenda
Ucwaningo luye lwaqhubeka nokugcizelela lezi zitholakalayo kanye nokuphakamisa izici ezintsha nezindlela zokusebenza ezikhona. Amanye imigqa yokuphenya eqhubekayo ihlanganisa:
- ukuvuvukala kwe-fascia : ucwaningo lwama-ome luphakamisa ukuthi ubuhlungu obubanzi be-fibromyalgia bungaba nokuvuvukala, kepha ku-intanethi yomzimba wonke womzimba womzimba obizwa nge-fascia
- izinzwa ezengeziwe emithanjeni yegazi : ucwaningo oluningi olusakazwa lubonisa ukushisa okwedlulele kanye nokuzwa ubuhlungu-ohlelweni lokujikeleza
- I-small-fiber neuropathy : Ukuhlanganisa ucwaningo kubonisa ukuthi izinzwa ezithile ezikhethekile zingalimala
- amasosha omzimba ajwayelekile: eminye imigqa yocwaningo ibonisa umsebenzi ongavamile esimisweni somzimba sokuzivikela esingasikisela ukuvuselelwa kwesistimu ye-immune noma uhlelo lokuzivocavoca , noma ukusabela okuzenzakalelayo okuzenzakalelayo ku-serotonin
Abacwaningi abaningana basebenzela nokwakha izingxenye ezincane ze-fibromyalgia, bekholelwa ukuthi kuyisihluthulelo sokukhohlisa izindlela ezisekelayo kanye nokwelapha okungcono. Imithi yokwelashwa engaphezulu ihlala iphansiphenyo, futhi umgomo omkhulu sekuyisikhathi eside ukukhomba nokusetha amathuluzi okuhlola okuhloswe njengokuhlola kwegazi noma ukuskena.
Izwi elivela
Nakuba i-fibromyalgia isakatholanga ukwamukelwa kwendawo yonke emphakathini wezokwelapha, kuseduze kunanini ngaphambili. Njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka lubonisa ukuthi lungokoqobo nangokwenyama, lesi simo sithola ukuthembeka. Lokho kusiza labo kithi ukuba bathole ukuqonda, inhlonipho, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, izinketho zokwelashwa ezingcono ukuze sikwazi ukuthola kabusha ikusasa lethu.
> Imithombo:
> Albrecht PJ, et al. Imithi yobuhlungu. 2013 Jun; 14 (6): 895-915. Ukubhuka okungejwayelekile kwe-Peptidergic Ukutholakala Kwama-Cutaneous Arteriole-Venule Shunts (AVS) Esikhathini SePalmar Glabrous of Fibromyalgia Iziguli: impikiswano Yokuhlunguphazeka Okujulile Kwamathambo Nokukhathala.
> Behm FG, et al. I-BMC I-Pathology Clinic. 2012 Dec 17; 12: 25. Ama-Immunologic Patterns Patterns ku-Fibromyalgia.
> Caro XJ, Winter ER. I-arthritis ne-rheumatology. 2014 Apreli 9. [I-Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta] Ubufakazi be-Epidermal Nerve Fiber Isisindo esingavamile ku-Fibromyalgia: Impikiswano ye-Clinical and Immunologic.
> I-Caro XJ, i-Winter ER, i-Dumas AJ. I-rheumatology. 2008 Feb; 47 (2): 208-11. I-Subset of Iziguli Zama-Fibromyalgia Itholakele Ukusikisela kwe-Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy and Appear ukuphendula ku-IVIg.
> I-Inanici F, i-Yunus MB. Imibiko Yamanje Yobuhlungu Nezinhloko. 2004 Oct; 8 (5): 369-78. Umlando we-Fibromyalgia: Okudlule Kwanamuhla.
> Oaklander AL, et al. Ubuhlungu. 2013 Nov; 154 (11): 2310-6. Injongo Efakazela Ukuthi Ukunciphisa I-Fiber Polyneuropathy Ngaphansi Kwamanye Ukugula Kukhona Okwamanje Kubhekwa njenge-Fibromyalgia.
> Smith HS, Harris R, Clauw D. Udokotela wezinhlungu. 2011 Mar-Apr; 14 (2): E217-45. I-Fibromyalgia: i-Afferent Processing Disorder eholela ku-Complex Pain Generalized Syndrome.
> Uceyler N, et al. Ubunjiniyela: i-Journal of Neurology. 2013 Jun; 136 (Pt 6): 1857-67. I-Small Fiber Pathology in Iziguli Nge-Fibromyalgia Syndrome.