Konke Okudingeka Ukwazi Ngohlelo lwe-Endocrine
Uhlelo lwe-endocrine luqukethe izigcawu eziningana ezitholakala kuwo wonke umzimba. Lezi zinhlayiya zihlanganisa ama-hormone - izithunywa zamakhemikhali ezikhombisa ukuthi umzimba uyenze imisebenzi ebalulekile, ngokuvamile ehlobene nokukhula nokusetshenziswa komzimba.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlayiya ngaphakathi kwesistimu ye-endocrine.
Izigulane ze-endocrine zihlanganisa ama-pancreas, i-thyroid, i-pituitary ne-adrenal glands.
Besebenzisa ama-hormoni abo ngqo egazini, lapho baqhutshwa khona endaweni yesenzo.
I-Exocrine glands ihlanganisa ama-hormone abo ngqo emathangeni. Izibonelo zezinhlayiya ze-exocrine zihlanganisa izigulane ezinamahlombe, amathumbu, ama-salivary kanye nokugaya.
AmaHormoni Asebenza Kanjani?
Izithobezi eziningi ze-endocrine zizwela ukuhlushwa kwe-hormone abakhiqizayo noma into ewenzayo. Uma ukuhlushwa kwe-hormone noma into ephansi kunalokho okuvamile, kuzokwenza ukuthi kusebenze iglozi. Uma ukuhlushwa kuphakeme, kuzoyeka ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone. Yilokho okubhekwa njengendlela yokuphendula engalungile. Izigulane ze-endocrine nazo zingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ngokugqugquzela ukwethuka.
Lapho ama-receptors emangqamuzaneni esitokisini se-endocrine gland acushiwe yi-hormone ethile, ukuqhuma kwemicimbi yamakhemikhali kubangelwa ngaphakathi kweli cell. Amamukeli namahomoni aqondile kakhulu.
Uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-hormone luzokwazi ukulingana kumamukeli onikeziwe. Uma i-hormone engalungile izama ukungena ku-receptor, akukho ukusabela okuzokwenzeka.
I-Endocrine Glands nama-hormone abawakhiqizayo
I-Pituitary Gland - Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-master gland" ngenxa yenani layo elikhulu lemisebenzi ehlobene nokugaya umzimba nokugcinwa kwe-homeostasis.
Kukhona ama-lobes amabili we-pituitary: i-anterior ne-posterior.
I-lobe yangaphakathi iveza amahomoni amaningi afaka:
- Iprolactin
- I-hormone yokukhula
- I-follicle evusa i-hormone
- Luteinizing hormone
- I-thyroid evuselela i-hormone
- I-adrenocorticotropin hormone
I-posterior lobe iyimfihlo:
- I-hormone ye-anti-diuretic
- Oxytocin
I-Hypothalmus - I-hypothalmus yingxenye encane yobuchopho eseduze kakhulu ne-pituitary gland. Ilawula ama-hormone e-pituitary ngokukhulula ama-hormone avuselela noma avimbele ukukhululwa kwawo. Isibonelo, i-hypothalamus ifihla i-gonadotropin ekhulula i-hormone, ebangela ukukhiqizwa kwe-gonadotropins (i-follicle evuselela i-hormone ne-hormone yokuqondisa) yi-pituitary. Iphinde ikhiqize i-corticotrophin ekhulula i-hormone, i-thyrotropin ekhulula i-hormone, ne-hormone yokukhula ekhishwa i-hormone.
I-Thymus - I-gland esetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ebuntwaneni, i-thymus ifihla ama-hormone esiza isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izicubu zalo zishintshwa ngamanoni futhi akusekho isidingo sokuzivikela okuvamile.
I-Pineal Gland - Lena ingqungquthela encane engaphakathi kobuchopho obufihla i-melatonin. I-Melatonin itholakele ukulawula umjikelezo wokuvuka-ukulala.
I-Thyroid - I-thyroid ingumgogodla otholakala emphepheni yomphetho ephambi komphimbo.
Ikhiqiza i-thyroxin (T4) ne-tri-iodothyronine (T3), eyaziwa ukulawula umzimba. Ibuye ifihle i- calcitonin , eyasiza ukulawula amazinga e-calcium.
I-Parathyroid - Izilonda ezine ezincane ezitholakala kwi-thyroid zenza i-parathyroid. Bakhiqiza i-hormone ye-parathyroid . I-secretion yayo ilawula amazinga e-calcium ne-phosphorus emzimbeni.
Ama-Glands angama-adrenal - Kunezigulane ezimbili ezinama-adrenal, esisodwa ngaphezulu kwezinso. I-glands ngayinye ihlukaniswe izifunda ezimbili, i-cortex ne-medulla, enemisebenzi ehluke kakhulu.
Amahomoni akhiqizwa i-cortex abalulekile ekuphileni futhi afaka i-glucocorticoids, i-mineralocorticoids nezinye ze-hormone zobulili, njenge- androgens kanye nesilinganiso esincane se- estrogen .
I-adrenal medulla ifihla ama-hormone angabalulekile ekuphileni futhi afaka kokubili i-epinephrine ne-norepinephrine.
I-Pancreas - I-pancreas ingumgogodla omkhulu esiswini esenza i- insulin ne-glucagon. Lawa mahomoni amabili adingekayo ekulawulweni nasekugcinweni kwamazinga okushukela ejwayelekile egazi. I-glucagon ishukumisa isibindi ukukhulula i-glucose ngaphezulu emzimbeni, kuyilapho i-insulin yenza ukuba amangqamuzana omzimba athathe i-glucose engaphezulu.
Ama-ovarie - Atholakala kuphela kwabesifazane, lezi zinhlayiya ezimbili ezincane ziveza i-estrogen, i-progesterone ne-inhibin. I-Estrogen ne- progesterone yizona ama-hormone eziyinhloko ezithinta izici eziningi zobuncane besifazane. I-inhibin iyi-hormone elawula amazinga e-follicle evuselela i-hormone, elawula ukuthuthukiswa kwamaqanda.
Izivivinyo - I-pair of glands etholakala emadodeni kuphela, ama-testicles ayigcina i-testosterone, i-hormone eyinhloko ephethe izici zesilisa zesilisa.
Yini Eyenzeka Ngenkinga Yokuphela Kwe-Endocrine?
Noma nini lapho enye yalezi hormone ingasebenzi, ezinye izinhlelo eziningi, izigulane namahomoni zingathinteka. Abesifazane abane- polycystic ovary syndrome , isibonelo, bangabonisa ukuguqulwa kobuchopho obushukumisa i-hormone, i-hormone, i-androgens (i-testosterone) ne-insulin, engathinta amazinga e-estrogen. Ukuguqulwa kwanoma yikuphi kula ma-hormone kungabangela ushintsho kwisisindo, umzimba kanye namazinga emandla.
Imithombo:
I-SEER Training Modules, Uhlelo lwe-Endocrine. I-US National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. Kufinyelelwe ku-Nov 28, 2009. http://training.seer.cancer.gov
Uhlelo lwe-Endocrine: Izifo, Izinhlobo zamaHormoni nokuningi. IHormone Foundation. Kufinyelelwe ku-Nov 28, 2009. http://www.hormone.org/endo101.