Iziphakamiso ze-CDC's Testing HIV
Uke waphawula okuthile okwedlule maduze ekuvakaseleni odokotela bakho? Mhlawumbe hhayi, kodwa nakanjani kufanele ube nayo. Kusukela ngo-Septhemba 2006, i- CDC yaqala ukuncoma ukuthi odokotela bavame ukuhlola zonke iziguli ze-HIV, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zengozini yabo, lapho beza ukuvakashelwa kwezempilo.
Lokhu kwakuyishintsho senqubomgomo ye-CDC. Kuze kube maduzane ngaphambi kokuba imihlahlandlela entsha isetshenziswe, ukuhlolelwa i-HIV kunconywa ngokuyinhloko kubantu abasengozini enkulu yezifo , futhi ukululekwa okubanzi kokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa emva kokuhlolwa kwakudingeka kufakwe njengengxenye yenqubo evamile.
Inkinga ukuthi lokhu akuzange kusebenze. Ukuhlola abantu abasengozini enkulu kuphela abalahlekelwa abaningi, uma kungenjalo iningi, ukutheleleka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Futhi kwandisa ngokungadingekile ingozi yezinsana ezazalwa nge-HIV kusukela ukwelashwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuphumelela kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukudluliselwa.
Uhlobo olusha lokuhlola lubizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlolwa kokuphuma." Kuleli fomu lokuhlola, ukuhlolwa kunikezwa ngaphandle kokuthi iziguli zilahle ngokuqondile. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kokuphuma kutholakale ukuthi kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokwandisa inani labantu abahlolwe izifo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo zokungena lapho abantu kufanele bacele ukuhlolwa. Abantu bazobe bebuzwa ukuthi bafuna yini ukuhlolelwa i-HIV, kodwa ukuhlolwa ngeke kusadinga imvume ebhaliwe ehlukile noma ukwelulekwa futhi kuzonikezwa njengengxenye yokunakekelwa njalo.
Ngenxa yalokho, nakuba ukuhlolwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kusasaba ngokuzithandela, abantu abaningi kakhulu bazophelelwa ukuhlolwa.
Kodwa-ke, ngoba lokhu kuyincoma hhayi umthetho, akuwona wonke amazwe ase-US abalandela iziqondiso ezintsha.
Ubani Okufanele Ahlinzekwe Ukuhlola Okuvamile?
- Bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe. Ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenzeke ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa bese kuphinda kubuye ku-trimester yesithathu. Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo ngesikhathi sokubeletha kunconywa abesifazane abakhulelwe abangenalo uhlolo lwe-HIV kumarekhodi.
- Zonke iziguli eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-13 no-64 ekuvakasheni kwabo ukunakekelwa kwezempilo njalo, ngaphandle uma izimbalwa ezingaphezu kwezingu-1 ku-1,000 ezikhulunywe endaweni yokunakekelwa zihlolwe kahle nge-HIV.
- Zonke iziguli ezifuna ukwelashwa ngesifo socansi (STD) noma ukunakekelwa emtholampilo we-STD.
- Zonke iziguli ezitholakale zinesifo sofuba (isifo sofuba).
Ubani Okufanele Afune Ukuhlolwa Okungeziwe?
- Abantu abasengozini enkulu yegciwane lesandulela ngculazi - kubandakanya abasebenzisi bokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kanye nabalingani babo bezocansi, abantu abashintshanisa ubulili ngemali nabalingani babo bocansi, kanye nabantu abaye baba nabalingani abangaphezu koyedwa kwezocansi kusukela ekuhlolweni kwabo kokugcina kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi - kufanele bahlolwe okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
- Wonke umuntu kufanele athole ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV ngaphambi kokuqala ubudlelwano bocansi nomlingani omusha.
Ngeshwa, kusekhona abantu abaningi abangahlolwa i-HIV, ngisho nangaphansi kwezincomo ezintsha. Lokhu kungase kube inkinga enkulu kokubili komuntu ngamunye kanye nempilo yomphakathi, yingakho ngonyaka ka-2015 kuya ku-9 emva kokunconywa kwangempela kokuhlolwa kwendawo yonke - i-CDC isungule uhlelo olusha lokususa ngempela odokotela bokunakekela okuyinhloko ekwenzeni ukuhlolwa okuyingxenye yokunakekelwa okujwayelekile . Izincomo zodwa, ngokudabukisayo, kwakungenakwanele.
> Imithombo:
U-Branson, et al. Izincomo ezibuyekeziwe ezihlolwe ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV zabantu abadala, izinsana, nabesifazane abakhulelwe ezisekelweni zezempilo. " 2006. I-MMWR: 55 (RR14): 1-17