Inqubo yokuhlola i-HIV
Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV ngokuvamile kuyinkqubo eningi yezinyathelo. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala okusetshenziselwa ukuvame ukuhlola ukuzwela okukhulu . Izivivinyo eziphakeme zokuzwela zenzelwe ukuthola abaningi abangakwazi ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokho kuhlolwa kokuqala kulandelwa ukuhlola okukodwa noma ngaphezulu okucacile ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuxilongwa kwe-HIV okungamanga . Ngokomlando, ukuvame kakhulu kwezivivinyo eziqondile kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlola okuqinisekisiwe ukuhlolwa kwe -Western blot.
Noma kunjalo, kunezinye izivivinyo zokuqinisekisa ezingasetshenziswa futhi.
Isivivinyo se-Western blot sisebenza kanjani?
Izivivinyo ze-Western blots nazo ziyaziwa ngokuthi amaprotheni immunoblots. Lezi zivivinyo zisetshenziselwa ukuthola amaprotheni akhethekile kusampula. Inqubo eyisisekelo ye-Western blot ihlanganisa ukuhlunga amaprotheni ngobude kwi-gel. Khona-ke lelo gridi lixhunywe ngama-antibodies asabela kumaprotheni athile afunwa.
Kodwa-ke, uma ama-blots aseNtshonalanga asetshenziselwa ukuhlola i-HIV , le nqubo empeleni iyenziwa ngokuphambene. Ngokujwayelekile, ekuhlolweni kwe-Western blot, amaprotheni angaziwa afunwa ngamagciwane okuwaziwa. Kodwa-ke, ekuhlolweni kwe-HIV Western Blot, ososayensi basebenza ngama-sampuli alungisiwe ama-proteine e-HIV futhi babheke ukuthi kukhona yini izifo ezithathelwanayo ezisegazini lomuntu elibambelele kubo.
Ukuvimbela i-Western ukuhlolelwa i-HIV ngokuvamile kubheka ama-antibodies ngokuphathelene namaprotheni alandelayo e-HIV:
- Ama-proteins avela ku- invilophu ye- HIV: gp41, ne-gp120 / gp160.
- Amaprotheni avela emgodini wegciwane: p17, p24, p55
- Ama-enzyme asebenzisa i-HIV enkambisweni yokutheleleka: p31, p51, p66
Ukuze umuntu abhekwe njengegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kudingeka abe nama-antibodies ngokumelene neyodwa yamaphrotheni emvilophu kanye neyodwa yama-protein ayinhloko, noma enye ye-enzyme.
Uma umuntu enama-antibodies aphikisana nenhlanganisela ehlukene yama-proteine, imiphumela yabo ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengeyi-indeterminate. I-algorithm ngqo yokumemezela umphumela ohlukile ongaphenduliyo wokuhlolwa kwesinye se-Western blot. Kodwa-ke, umgomo uhlale unciphisa ingozi yokuhlola okungamanga okucasula umuntu ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Ukunqunywa kwe-Western blot imiphumela kungase kube uphawu lwe- HIV entsha . Le miphumela yokuhlolwa ingase futhi yenzeke lapho abantu bevezwe noma bethelelekile kwezinye i- retroviruses , njenge- HTLV . Ngokujwayelekile, uma umuntu onesivivinyo se-HIV esingenakunqotshwa yiNtshonalanga ye-HIV empeleni engculaza, ukuhlolwa kwe-Western blot kuyoba ngokucacile okuhle emva kwesikhathi esiphelile.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Western blot kusetshenziswa njengezivivinyo zokuqinisekisa esikhundleni sokuhlolwa okuyisisekelo, ngoba zibucayi kakhulu kunezivivinyo zokuqala ze- ELISA noma ukuhlolwa kwe- RNA . Lokhu kusho ukuthi bancane amathuba okuthola ukutheleleka. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa kwe-Western blot nakho kuncane kakhulu ukunikeza umphumela wokuhlola wamanga uma kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa isivivinyo sokuqala esihle.
Uma Uke Utshelwe ukuthi Unesivivinyo se-Western Blot Test Indeterminate
Ukutshelwa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-Western blot kuyinto engapheli kungaba nzima kakhulu kubantu abahlolwa ngculaza.
Kunezizathu eziningi ezingabandakanyeki nokuvezwa kwe-HIV okungabangela umphumela onjalo. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanezibhamu zase-Western ezingapheli ngokuvamile bayelulekwa ukuba bafune ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe, ngokushesha noma ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile sidlulile.
Ukuhlola okusheshayo okuphindaphindiwe ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini iphutha ngendlela i-Western blot egijima ngayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukulinda inyanga noma ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokuphindaphinda kuvumela isikhathi somzimba womuntu ukuba senze ama-antibodies eyengeziwe ngokulwa namagciwane e-HIV, uma empeleni asetheleleke nge-HIV.
Ukuphindaphinda kuzovame ukuxazulula ukuhlolwa kwe-blot yase-Western okungapheli kube nomphumela omuhle noma omuhle.
Kodwa-ke, uma izivivinyo eziphindaphindiwe ziqhubeka nokuthumela izimpawu zokudideka, odokotela bangase badinge ukushintshela ekusebenziseni ezinye izindlela zokunquma ukuthi unesifo se-HIV noma cha. Akukho ukuhlolwa okulodwa kwe-HIV okulungile kuzo zonke izimo.
Imithombo:
UGuan M. Frequency, izimbangela, nezinselele ezintsha zokuthola imiphumela engapheli eNtshonalanga ye-Western blot ukuhlolwa okuqinisekisayo kwama-antibodies kumuntu we-immunodeficiency virus. Umuthi Wokugoma Umtholampilo Immunol. 2007 Jun; 14 (6): 649-59.
> Huang J, Wang M, Huang C, Liang B, Jiang J, Ning C, Zang N, Chen H, Liu J, Chen R, Liao Y, Ye, L, Ukwelashwa okwakamuva kwe-HIV-1: I-HIV Yokuqinisekisa Ukubhekwa Kwezingculaza-1 Ezisezingeni eliphezulu. I-Res Int Res. 2018 Jan 14; 2018: 4390318. i-doi: 10.1155 / 2018/4390318.
> I-W, i-Y Y, i-Cheng S, i-Yan C, i-S, i-Dong Z, i-Yan L, i-Yuan Y. i-Luminex i-xMAP kanye ne-Western blot yenza ngcono ukuzwela kwe-HIV. J Izindlela Zokuphuza. 2016 Jan; 227: 1-5. doi: 10.1016 / j.jviromet.2015.10.007.
> Pandori MW, Westheimer E, Gay C, Moss N, Fu J, Hightow-Weidman LB, Craw J, Hall L, Giancotti FR, Mak ML, Madayag C, Tsoi B, Louie B, Patel P, Owen SM, Peters PJ . I-Multispot esheshayo ye-HIV-1 / HIV-2 ukulinganisa ukulinganisa kufaniswa ne-Western blot kanye nesilingo sokuzivikela immunofluorescence ekuqinisekiseni ukutheleleka nge-HIV kumuntu ozofundwa kuzo ezindaweni ezintathu zase-United States. I-J Clin Virol. 2013 Dec; 58 Ukusekela 1: e92-6. doi: 10.1016 / j.jcv.2013.10.006.