Ukuqonda Umsebenzi We-US Government Agency ekuvikeleni Impilo Yomphakathi
I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (i-CDC) yi-ejensi yezempilo yase-US e-Atlanta, eGeorgia, osebenza ngokuyinhloko ukuvikela impilo yomphakathi nokuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwezifo.
I-CDC iwela ngaphansi kwemisebenzi yoMnyango wezeMpilo waseMelika kanye noHulumeni lwabantu (DHHS) futhi, ngaphezu kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, yenza ucwaningo oluningi ngezimo ezingezona ezithathelwanayo ezifana nokukhuluphala, ukubhema nesifo sikashukela.
Umlando Omfushane we-CDC
Ngo-1946, i-CDC (eyaziwa ngokuthi yiCommicable Diseases Centre) yasungulwa ngokuqondile ngokukhathazeka kwamazwe ngamazwe ngokulawulwa kwe-malaria, nesikhathi lapho ososayensi beqala ukubona ukumelana nokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa ezilwa ne-malaria. Kwaqunyiwe ukusekela inhlangano e-Atlanta, indawo yase-US lapho i-malaria ibhekwa khona.
Ngemuva kokuphindaphindiwe, le nhlangano yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iCenters for Disease Control ngo-1980, emva kwalokho i-US Congress yahlanganisa amagama athi "nokuvimbela" ngasekupheleni kuka-1992.
Namuhla, i-CDC isebenzisa odokotela abangaba ngu-15 000, abacwaningi, abaqondisi, izibalo nezichwepheshe ukusekela imisebenzi yayo e-Atlanta, kanye namahhovisi nabasebenzi emazweni angu-54 emhlabeni wonke. I-CDC nayo yaziwa ngokuba neyodwa yama-laboratories angu-57 kuphela we-Biosafety Level 4 emhlabeni, okukwazi ukuhlinzekela ukutheleleka okubulalayo okungenakho ukwelashwa noma umuthi wokugoma owaziwayo.
UDkt. Thomas Friedan wamiswa njengomqondisi we-CDC ngu-16 uMongameli uBarack Obama ngoMeyi 15, 2009.
I-CDC ne-AIDS Epidemic
Ngo-1981, i-CDC ibike ngamacala amahlanu we-pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) okwakwenzeke phakathi kwamadoda angqingili eLos Angeles, futhi wayengomunye wabokuqala ukungazibuza ukuthi ngabe lezi zimo zibangelwa yini ukutholakala kwamzimba omzimba.
Izimo ezikhulayo ze-PCP, i- Kaposi sarcoma , nezinye izifo ezithathelanayo (i-OIs) zaholela i-CDC ukuba iqalise umsebenzi we-Task Force ukuze uhlole ukuhlolwa kwesifo se-syndrome esaziwa ngokuthi i-GRID (noma ukuntuleka kwamagciwane okuhlobene negciwane ) futhi kamuva wabizwa ngokuthi i- HIV ( i-immunodeficiency virus) .
Ukulandelela izinga lokugqashuka, i-CDC isheshe isungula incazelo ye-syndrome, indlela efaka ngayo
- i-KS biopsy kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-60, noma okunye okusongela ukuphila noma okubulalayo, futhi
- akukho ukugula okusobala noma umlando we-immunosuppressive therapy (isib. umdlavuza).
Lokhu kuzoba yisisekelo saleso simo esasizokwaziwa ngokuthi yi- AIDS . Ukuguqulwa ngo-1985, 1987 no-1993 kuzoqhubeka nokufaka lolu hlu ukuze kufakwe izimo ezibhekwa njenge- AIDS ezichaza .
I-CDC, ngokubambisana ne-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kanye namaNational Institutes of Health (NIH), yakhipha izincomo zokuqala zokuvimbela ngo-1983. Phakathi neminyaka eyisishiyagalombili edlule, i-CDC izokhipha izinqola nezincomo ezingaba ngu-50 ukunakekelwa nokuvimbela i-HIV-umsebenzi oqhubeka nawo ukusebenzisana kanye neWorld Health Organization (WHO), i-US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), nabanye.
Ngo-1985, i-CDC yahlela ingqungquthela yokuqala ye-AIDS e-Atlanta njengoba ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kuqale kucaciswa kwezinye izingxenye ze-Afrika Ephakathi naseNingizimu. Namuhla, i-CDC iqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile emzamweni womhlaba wonke ngokufaka ucwaningo oluningi lwe-epidemiological nolwesayensi lapho izinqubomgomo ze-US kanye ne-HIV / AIDS emhlabeni jikelele kusekelwe khona.
Ukwengeza, i-CDC isebenza njengenhlangano yezobuchwepheshe egameni loMengameli we - US Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) , kanye nezinye izinhlangano ezifana ne-US Agency for International Development (USAID). Kulesi sikhundla, i-CDC inesibopho sokuphatha, ukuqapha nokuhlola izinhlelo ezimbili ze-HIV / AIDS ezixhasiwe yi-PEPFAR emazweni angaphezu kuka-75.
Ngo-2011, i-CDC igxekwa yi-DHHS Office of Inspector General (OIG) yokuhluleka ekunikezeni kanye / noma nokuqapha izibonelelo ezixhaswe ngezimali ze-PEPFAR.
Imithombo:
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). "Imibono Yembhali Umlando we-CDC." Ukulimala nokufa Kwembiko Yamaviki onke (MMWR). Juni 28, 1996; 45 (25); 526-530.
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). "I-CDC Laboratories: Lapho izigulane zihlangabezana nomdlalo wazo." Ukudakwa kanye ne- Atlanta, eGeorgia; iphelile ukubuyekezwa ngo-Mashi 19, 2014; kufinyelelwe ku-intanethi ngo-Ephreli 7, 2014.
Curran, J. noJaffe, H. "I-AIDS: Iminyaka Yokuqala kanye ne-CDC's Response." Ukulimala nokufa Kwembiko Yamaviki onke (MMWR). Okthoba, 7, 2011; 60 (04); 64-69.
Ihhovisi le-Inspector General (OIG). "Ukubukezwa Kwezikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvinjelwa Kwezifo ZikaMongameli Wezimo Eziphuthumayo Zezifo Zengculaza Yeminyaka Yezimali Zonyaka ka-2007 Ngonyaka ka-2009 (A-04-10-04006) .Umnyango wezeMpilo kanye noHulumeni be-US (i-DHHS); iWashington, DC; Juni 15, 2011.