I-cancer inomthelela omkhulu kubantu, emphakathini nasemphakathini wonke, futhi ihlala isinye sezifo ezizesaba kakhulu nezinselele. I-American Cancer Society inquma ukuthi cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-1.7 bazotholakala benomdlavuza e-US ngonyaka ka-2017. Kulonyaka, kulindeleke ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kuka-600 000 bafe ngenxa yohlu lwezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza.
Nakuba ngezikhathi ezithile izibalo zidweba isithombe esibucayi, ososayensi baye benza inqubekela phambili eminingi eminyakeni yamuva. Ubuchwepheshe obusha bezobuchwepheshe buyekezwa njalo futhi buhlonywe, okwenza ithemba lezigidi zabantu abathintekayo ngumdlavuza. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, izinga lokufa komdlavuza liye lahla kakhulu. Futhi, ngenxa yoMvikeli Wezokwelapha kanye noMthetho Wokunakekelwa Okunganakekeli, ukufinyelela kokunakekelwa kuye kwathuthuka phakathi kwamaqembu aseMelika angaphinde ahluleke.
I-Nanoparticle Generator Yokudluliswa Okungcono Kwemithi Yegazi
I-athikili eyashicilelwe ku- Nature Biotechnology ngoMashi ngonyaka odlule ichaze indlela entsha yokuletha imithi yomdlavuza. Ososayensi abavela eHouston Methodists Research Institute babenokuqala ukusebenzisa i-nanoparticle generator (iNPG) engenaject eyayikwazi ukunqoba izithiyo zezinto eziphilayo futhi yaqinisekisa ukuthi umthamo olawulwayo wafinyelela ku-tumor. Izivivinyo zenziwa ngezimpawu zegundane zomdlavuza webele we-metastatic ezithola imithi ejwayelekile ye-chemotherapy (doxorubicin).
Lesi sidakamizwa sasifakwa emthini we-silicon enesibindi futhi sahamba egazini ukuze sifinyelele isisu esinomdlavuza, lapho i-silicon yahlehla khona. Lokhu kwenza ama-nanoparticles abulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Amaphesenti angu-40 kuya kwamaphesenti angu-50 aphathwe amachiza ayecatshangwa aphulukiswa, futhi ithimba locwaningo luthi umphumela omangalisayo wendlela yokwenza izidakamizwa ezintsha.
Ukuhlolwa kwabantu kuye kwahlelwa, futhi ososayensi banethemba ukuthi bangasebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ukuze bahlose umdlavuza we-metastatic wamaphaphu nesibindi.
Abacwaningi be-Nanotechnology kanye nomdlavuza nabo baklama ezinye izindlela ezintsha ezingakwazi ukuthola amathrekhi omdlavuza ngempumelelo. Isibonelo, izinto ezihlukahlukene eziphilayo nezimila ezingasetshenziswa ekukhanyeni okuseduze kwe-infrared zihlolwe njengengxenye yomuthi we-cancer photothermal. Lawa ma-nanomaterials angafaka igolide, ithusi nekhabhoni. Bamba ukukhanya futhi bakhiphe ukushisa, okubangela ukufa kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ososayensi abavela eNanjing Forestry University yaseChina manje sebekhiqize izinsimbi eziphilayo ezingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwemvelo. Indlela yabo iqeda ukukhathazeka mayelana nobunzima obude bezinto ezithile ze-photothermal. Ukutholakala kungasetshenziswa maduzane ekuvivinyweni kwemitholampilo ye-chemo kanye ne-photothermal therapy, okuhlinzeka ngemithi yokwelapha entsha yokuhlanganiswa.
Ukuvuselela kabusha amakhemikhali we-Patient's Own to Kill Cancer
I-Immunotherapy ivela njengegatsha elisha lomuthi wokwelapha ongasiza iziguli ezinomdlavuza ongapheli ngaphambili. UProfesa Waseem Qasim waseGreat Ormond Street Hospital eLondon, UK, uchaza ukuthi odokotela bangakwazi ukuhlanganisa amaseli emasosha omzimba, bavuselele kabusha lawo maseli babuyiselwe esigulini.
Amaseli angahlelwa kabusha ukuze abulale umdlavuza futhi "ayenze ngekhanda" amangqamuzana anomdlavuza uma ebuya. Amasosha omzimba ayenziwe asevele asetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza we-melanoma kanye non-small-cell lung. Manje, le thrafikhi nayo ilandelwa iziguli ezinegazi lomdlavuza wegazi. Ithimba lokucwaninga eliholwa nguProfesa Stanley Riddell waseFred Hutchison Cancer Research Center e Seattle laphumelela ngiphatha iziguli ezingu-27 kwabayisishiyagalolunye ezingama-29 ezine-acute lymphoblastic leukemia ezingaphenduli ukwelashwa okuvamile. Ukucwaninga kwamandla omzimba omzimba wokuphulukisa umdlavuza usengumntwana, kodwa odokotela bajabule ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba angama-gene.
Izinhlobo ezintsha zamanomdlavuza zihlale zengezwa kuhlu lwamanqamu aphethwe yimithi yokwelashwa ekhulayo. Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ngo-Meyi 2 emaphepheni I- Cancer lisikisela ukuthi imithi yokugoma i-immunotherapy nayo ingaphumelela nge-sarcomas-kansela yezicubu ezixhumene nazo eziza ezingxenyeni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, kukhona enye ingozi yokuzivikela i-immunotherapy ehambayo: ngemva kokujova, amangqamuzana avuselelwe kabusha ahlala emzimbeni futhi aqhubeke efuna amangqamuzana abhubhise. Ososayensi kudingeka baqiniseke ukuthi la maseli ahlanganisiwe ahamba ngemva kwamangqamuzana angalungile futhi angabhubhisi izicubu ezinempilo. Ngakho-ke, le nqubo ivuselelwa njalo. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Riddell nozakwabo basebenze kakade ekuthuthukiseni isizukulwane esisha se-T-cell, okulindeleke ukuba kube nokuphepha futhi kube nemiphumela emibi emibi kakhulu uma isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwama-immunotherapy.
Ezinye izindlela ezingahle zithuthukise ukwelashwa kwemithi yomdlavuza futhi zinciphise imiphumela emibi nazo zakhiwa ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-biology zokwenziwa. Ososayensi bavame ukuhlanganisa ulwazi lwezobunjiniyela kanye ne-biology ukudala izinto eziphilayo eziguqula izakhi eziphilayo ezingakwazi ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi amanye amabhaktheriya ahlala ngaphakathi kwezingculazi. Ithimba eliholwa nguJeff Hasty waseYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Diego, lakhula uhlobo lwezitshalo ze- Salmonella ezineziqondiso zezofuzo. Amabhaktheriya, okuyinto engeyingozi kubantu, ahamba ekusakazweni kwegazi futhi akhangwa yisisu. Yenzelwe ukhiqiza imithi yomdlavuza bese uyifaka ngaphakathi engaphakathi lomdlavuza. Ngemuva kokuqedela umkhankaso, ukuzilimaza, ukuqeda ukukhathazeka ngemiphumela emibi.
Enye indlela entsha yokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza iwukusebenzisa indlela yokugoma eyaqala kuqala eCuba. Loluhlobo lwezokwelapha aluphili umdlavuza ngesinye, kepha luphenduka lube uhlobo olulawulwayo, olufana nemigomo eqhubekayo yokwelashwa kwezinye izifo ezingapheli. Ngonyaka ka-2010, i-FDA ivume umgomo wokugoma umdlavuza ohlose umdlavuza we-metastatic prostate. Ngo-2015, omunye umuthi wokugoma wavunywa ukuthi ungasetshenziswa nezinye iziguli ezine-melanoma yemetrase. Eminye imishanguzo yezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-kansela iyasungulwa, futhi-noma imishanguzo yokwelashwa noma njengemigomo yokuvimbela. Uhlu luyatholakala eNational Cancer Institute.
App entsha for Cancer Iziguli ezingaba Personalized Ukwelashwa
Ukuthola ukuxilongwa komdlavuza kuyamangalisa futhi kuphonsa enye ingxabano. Uma sesifakiwe, umuntu ubhekene nezwe elisha ngokuphelele nelinye izwe. Kumele afunde ukuthi angayifunda kanjani "indlela evamile." Ukwelapha umdlavuza, kanye nenqubo yokuphumula ejwayelekile isikhathi eside, kudinga ukuqina okuningi ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ukuqashwa kwabadokotela nokuvakashelwa esibhedlela kuba yingxenye yesimiso esisha, futhi impilo yansuku zonke ingabuswa yizinguquko ezidingekayo. Ukusekela iziguli nemindeni yabo ezitholakala kule nkinga enzima, isazi se-oncology e-Australia, uDkt. Nikhil Pooviah, sidale isicelo esisha okuthiwa i-CancerAid.
Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-CancerAid luhlose ukunika iziguli umdlavuza ohambweni lwabo kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso ukunakekelwa kwazo. Inikeza ulwazi mayelana nezinketho zokwelapha kanye nezindlela zokunakekelwa, futhi inikeza indlela yokuhlela nokurekhoda umuthi wokwelapha ngamunye kanye nemithi yokwelapha. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lubuye lube nenketho ye-telemedicine yamahora angu-24 evumela iziguli ukuba zithole ukusekelwa kwezokwelapha nokwengqondo noma kunini isikhathi sosuku noma ubusuku. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala seluvele selutholakale ezigulini futhi luhlose ukuthuthukisa iziguli zesifo somdlavuza kanye nemindeni yabo emhlabeni jikelele.
> Imithombo
> Pollack S, He Q, Yearley J, et al. Ukufakelwa kwe-T-cell kanye ne-clonality kuyahambisana neprogram yesifo se-cell death (programmed death cells). I-Cancer , ngo-2017; i-doi: 10.1002 / cncr.30726
> Siegel R, Miller K, Izibalo ze-Jemal A. Cancer, ngo-2017. I-CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians , 2017; 67 (1): 7-30.
> I-Turtle C, i-Riddell S, i-Maloney D. I-T-cell immunotherapy ye-B-cells ebizwa nge-T-cell immunotherapy e-CD19-Targeted. I-Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics , 2016; 100 (3): 252-258
> Xia B, Wang B, Li J, et al. Isihloko esiphelele sokugcina: I-polyaniline e-Photothermal ne-biodegradable / i-nanocomposites ene-porousil enamafutha ashukela njengokwelashwa kwe-chemo-photothermal yomdlavuza. I-Acta Biomaterialia , 2017; 51: 197-208.
> Xu R, Zhang G, Shen H, et al. I-generator ye-nanoparticle engenayo igqugquzela ukulethwa kwemithi yomdlavuza. Uhlobo lwe-Biotechnology , ngo-2016; 34 (4): 414-418.