Lesi sifo asitholakali e-US, kodwa sivame kakhulu emhlabeni wonke
I-schistosomiasis yisifo esibangelwa izibungu zesibungu esincane, esiphezulu esitholakala emachibi amanzi ahlanzekile. Izibungu, ezivame ukuvuthwa emanzini ahlala kulowo machibi, faka isikhumba sakho njengoba ugebha noma ugeza echibini.
Izimpethu ezibangela lesi sifo azitholakali e-United States, kodwa yisifo esijwayelekile kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, sithatha abantu abayizigidi ezingu-240 njalo ngonyaka.
Lithinta abantu abaningi kunanoma iyiphi i-parasite ngaphandle kwe-malaria. Itholakala emazweni angu-70, futhi kuthiwa yi-bilharzia noma i-bilharziasis.
Kuyinto isifo esiye saba nomthelela omkhulu-kungenzeka ukuthi yandisa ngisho nokusabalala kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi nesifo sofuba esibhedlela .
Yini ngempela i-Schistosomiasis?
I-schistosomiasis isifo kubantu , kodwa yisinyathelo esisodwa emjikelezweni wokuphila we-worm schistosoma. Lezi zibungu zidinga okungaphezu nje kwabantu ekujikelezeni kwabo; badinga amachibi amanzi namanzi ngamanzi, kanye nokungcola komuntu okungaphelele.
Amaqanda e-schistosome aqukethe esitokisini somuntu noma umchamo, futhi afakwe emachibi lapho abantu bengenakho ukuhlanzeka okunezelelo. Lawa maqanda aphuza, bese esesiteji esilandelayo sentuthuko ahlala emanzini echibini.
Ngokushesha i-Larva ivela emanzini bese isakaza emanzini, lapho izothola umuntu owela emanzini. Izimpungushe zingene ngqo esikhumbeni somuntu, zingene emzimbeni wegazi.
Bese bedlula emaphashini nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba baze bafike lapho bebeka khona amaqanda, futhi umjikelezo uqala futhi.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Schistosomiasis ezibangelwa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-fluke. I-S. mansoni , i-S. haematobium, ne- S. japonicum ibangela isifo esiningi kakhulu . S. intercalatum no S.
i-mekongi ayifani kakhulu.
I-S. mansoni iyona evame kakhulu, ihlasela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-80 emhlabeni jikelele. Itholakala ezindaweni eziningi eNingizimu Melika, eCaribbean, Africa, naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, futhi kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu esibindi. Amaqanda e- haematobium asetshenziselwa isambatho noma isisu somzimba wesifazane. Kubangela igazi emcimbini futhi kungabangela ukubola lapho amaqanda abekwa khona. Itholakala e-Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, naseCorscia, eFrance.
I-S. japonicum itholakala e-China, ePhilippines nakwezinye izingxenye zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia, kodwa naphezu kwegama layo, akuvamile kakhulu eJapane. Ihlasela isibindi namathumbu, kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile nazo zingakwazi ukuthelela ubuchopho, okuholela ekuguleni nasekuthandeni kwemiphumela yengqondo. I-S. intercalatum itholakala ikakhulukazi eDemocratic Republic of the Congo naseCameroon. Ukusabalala kwalo kuhla. Kungabangela isitofu segazi kanye nephuza elikhulisiwe.
I- mekongi ifana neS S. japonicum , kodwa itholakala eMfuleni iMekong, ikakhulukazi eCambodia naseLaos.
Izimpawu ze-Schistosomiasis
Abanye abantu bazizwa behlazekile lapho izibungu zingena esikhumbeni. Abanye abazizwa lutho kuze kube amasonto ambalwa kamuva. Izimpawu zingabandakanya ukuqubuka kwemithi, imfiva, ukukhwehlela owomile, negazi emcinini.
Kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa i-Katayama syndrome (elinye igama le-schistosomiasis ukutheleleka) amasonto amabili kuya kwangu-12 emva kokuvezwa kokuqala ku- S. mansoni noma i- S . japonicum . Njengoba i-schistosome worm (schistosomula) engakafiki ihamba kuqala ngegazi bese iqanda amaqanda, abanye abantu bakhula imfiva ebusuku, ukukhwehlela (njengezibungu emaphashini), ama-muscle aches, ikhanda lezinye izinhlungu.
Ezifweni ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-schistosoma ezihamba emithanjeni ezungeze isibindi, umuntu angase abe nesengozini eyengeziwe yokwama-cirrhosis kwesibindi nezinye izinkinga zesibindi, kuhlanganise nomdlavuza wesibindi kanye nomdlavuza omncane.
i-haematobium iya esikhwameni , kodwa futhi ingabangela izilonda zomzimba kubesifazane. Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nobungozi obuningi bomdlavuza wesisu.
Ukwelashwa kweSchistosomiasis
Kunezidakamizwa , njenge praziquantel , ezingakwazi ukuphatha kahle ukutheleleka. Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo sivame ukutholwa sekwephuzile, uma sesivele sesonakalise isibindi noma ezinye izitho, futhi lokho kulimaza akukwazi ukuhlehliswa.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ibuye iphindwe, kanti izimpethu namaqanda azo zingaqhubeka isikhathi eside.
Ngeshwa, ezindaweni eziningi lapho i-schistosomiasis ejwayelekile, izinsiza zokwelapha azitholakali. Kuyinto isifo sobumpofu-kubantu abangenawo udoti ogcwele. Imiphumela ihle kakhulu emiphakathini ethintekile.
Kweminye imiphakathi, iningi lezingane libhekene ne-schistosomiasis, ehlotshaniswa ne-anemia, kanye nokwehlisa ukukhula kanye neminye imiphumela yentuthuko.
Lezi zifo zingaba imbangela ebalulekile yezifo emiphakathini. I-S. haematobium iholela ekunqandeni kwesisindo esikhuphula ukucindezelwa futhi kulimaze izinso. Iphinde ihlotshaniswe nomdlavuza wesibeletho. Iphinde ihlotshaniswe nokungazali. Imiphumela yokuphela kwesikhathi esibindi (kanye nokufaka i-portal system) kanye nesifiso nezinso kungase kube kakhulu kumalungu amadala omphakathi.
Izimpethu ezincane zingahle zilahleke emzimbeni. Ezinye zidala izinkinga ezinkulu zamaphaphu. Abanye bangangena ebuchosheni futhi bangabangela ukukhubazeka, izinkinga zokukhuluma, nokuhlukunyezwa.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, izilonda zobulili ezivela ku-S. haematobium nezinye izifo ezithathelwana nge-schistosomias zingenza abesifazane bangene engozini yokuthola i-HIV. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iGibithe inamazinga aphakeme kakhulu okuthiwa i-hepatitis C emhlabeni wonke, okucatshangwa ukuthi isakazwe ngenye izinaliti ezingcolile ezisetshenziselwa umkhankaso we-anti-schistosomiasis.
> Imithombo:
> Bustinduy AL et al. Ukwandisa i-Praziquantel (PZQ) Ukufinyelela ngaphandle kweziNhlelo zokuPhathwa kweMisiphahla yokuPhathwa kwezidakamizwa: Ukudala indlela eya phambili kwe-PZQ yokwakheka kwe-Schistosomiasis. I-PloS Inakekelwa Izifo ZamaTropical. 2016 Sep 22; 10 (9): e0004946.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Ama-parasites: Ishidi langempela le-Schistosomiasis.
> I-Kapoor S. Katayama syndrome kwiziguli ezine-schistosomiasis. I-Asian Pacific Journal ye-Tropical Biomedicine. 2014 Mar; 4 (3): 244.
> Kjetland EF et al. Umbiko wokuqala osuselwa emphakathini mayelana nomthelela wokutheleleka kwe-genital Schistosoma haematobium ekuzalweni kwesifazane. Ukuzala nokuhlunga. 2010 Sep; 94 (4): 1551-3.
> Mekonnen Z et al. I-Schistosoma mansoni ukutheleleka nokungondleki kahle phakathi kwezingane zesikole e-Fincha'a sugar sugar, ingxenye yasemaphandleni eNtshonalanga Ethiopia. Amanothi Wokucwaninga we-BMC. 2014 Oct 27; 7: 763.