Izindlela zokwelashwa zendawo nezesistimu zokwelashwa komdlavuza
Uma uthola ukuthi unesifo somdlavuza cishe awuzwa nje ukwesaba kodwa udangele. Kunezinhlobo eziningi eziningi zokwelashwa zomdlavuza, futhi eziningi zazo zinamagama azwakala njengelwimi lwangaphandle. Kuwusizo ukuqala ngokumane uphule lezi zokwelapha zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: zendawo kanye nesistimu.
Izindlela zokwelapha zendawo kanye nezindlela zokwelapha
Yonke imithi yokwelapha ingahle ihlehliswe zibe izindlela ezimbili.
Kwezinye kansela, enye yazo ingasetshenziswa, kanti kwabanye, kokubili kuyodingeka.
Ukwelashwa Kwendawo: Ukwelashwa kwendawo yilabo oklanyelwe ukususa amaseli omdlavuza lapho aqala khona. Isibonelo singenza i- lumpectomy ukususa isikhumba esiswini. Ukwelashwa yilashwa yendawo. Kuwusizo ukususa umdlavuza oyinhloko, mhlawumbe ne-lymph nodes, kodwa ngeke usebenze ukwelapha umdlavuza osakaze esibindi noma kwenye indawo. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa nakho kuyindlela yokwelashwa kwendawo.
Izindlela zokwelashwa zesistimu: Ukwelapha okuhlelekile kuhloswe ukuphatha amangqamuzana omdlavuza nomaphi lapho kungenzeka khona emzimbeni. Isibonelo, uma noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza webele wesifo somdlavuza okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla ayehambele kwesinye isifunda somzimba, ukwelapha okusebenzayo kuzodingeka ukuze ufinyelele kulawo maseli. Ukwelashwa okuhlelekile kungaphatha nomdlavuza endaweni yangakini kwezinye izimo, nakuba ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela engcono yokukhipha isisu esisebenzayo kaningi.
Izinhlobo zezokwelapha zesistimu zihlanganisa:
- I-Chemotherapy
- Imithi ehlosiwe
- Immunotherapy
Ngomdlavuza omncane kakhulu futhi awusakazeki (mhlawumbe ngezindlela ezingabonwa ku-imaging, noma ukusakazwa okuncane okungakabonakali okwamanje) ukwelashwa kwendawo kungase kwwanele ukusula umdlavuza. Uma umdlavuza usakaze ngaphesheya kwendawo yawo yokuqala, noma uma kungenzeka ukuthi usakazeke, izindlela zokwelapha ezizosebenza zizodingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amagciwane omdlavuza-ngisho namangqamuzana omdlavuza we-microscopic-asusiwe.
Ukukhuluma Izinketho Zakho zokwelapha
Uma utholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza , ngokuvamile uvame ukwelashwa kwe-medical oncologist ozosebenza nabanye odokotela esitokisini sakho sokunakekela umdlavuza, futhi uqondise izindlela zokwelashwa oyobe nazo. Kunamaphuzu ambalwa abalulekile okufanele ashiwo ngaso leso sikhathi.
Omunye wukuthi umuthi uyashintsha. Iziguli nodokotela manje basebenza ngokubambisana ekwenzeni uhlelo lwezokwelapha olulungele uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza, ubukhulu nokuthi lukhulile kangakanani, nezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezifana neminyaka yakho kanye nempilo ejwayelekile. Kumaningi wegciwane, kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokwelashwa okukhethwa kukho, futhi ukukhetha lezi zivame kuxhomeke ekuthandweni kwakho nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela emibi oyithandayo futhi / noma ukwazi ukubekezelela
Ukuthatha isikhathi ukuthola umbono wesibili kungasiza kakhulu, futhi incologists iningi ayinandaba kuphela kodwa ulindele ukuthi iziguli zizothola umbono wesibili . Ngisho noma umbono ufana nombono wakho wokuqala, lokhu kungakunikeza ukuqinisekiswa okunye phansi komugqa owakhethile indlela efanele. Abantu abaningi bacabangela ukuthola imibono eyengeziwe kwelinye leNational Cancer Institute-izikhungo zomdlavuza ezikhethiwe. Amaseli afana nalokhu ngokuvamile avame ukuba nodokotela ohlinzayo noma oncologist obhekene nohlobo oluthile lomdlavuza.
Izifundo zisitshela ukuthi ukuthatha isikhathi sokufunda mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ekuziphatheni okwangoku kodwa ngoba kungathuthukisa umphumela. Hlola lezi zeluleko zokuthola ulwazi lomdlavuza omuhle ku-inthanethi .
Izindlela zokwelapha zeCanscer
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi izindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha umdlavuza zisebenza kanjani, abanye abantu bakuthola kuwusizo ukuqonda ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahluke kanjani kumangqamuzana avamile , njengoba ukwelashwa ngokuvamile "kuhloswe" amanye alawo mahluko. Sizoqala ngezinqubo zokwelashwa zendawo bese sixoxa ngezinqubo zokwelapha.
Ukuhlinzwa njengendlela yokukhetha
Ukuhlinzwa kungasetshenziswa ukuvimbela, ukuphatha, isiteji (sinqume ukuthi umdlavuza uthuthukile kangakanani), futhi uhlolisise umdlavuza.
Ngokuphathelene nokwelashwa komdlavuza, kuvame ukuhlinzeka ukukhipha izicubu noma izicubu eziningi zomdlavuza ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukwelashwa kuyindlela yokwelapha eminingi ye-kansa, ikakhulukazi labo abanjwe ekuqaleni ngoba ngokuvamile kuyindlela engcono yokuphulukisa lesi sifo. Abanye abantu bakuthola kudideka ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kungenzeki kumathumba amakhulu kakhulu. Uma isisu sesisakazeke, imithi yamakhemikhali kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezivamile kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokukhipha umdlavuza wamangqamuzana ukuthi ukuhlinzwa akukwazi ukufinyelela.
Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kuhlangene ne-chemotherapy noma ukwelashwa kwemisebe. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngenye yezindlela ezimbili:
- I-neoadjuvant chemotherapy ibhekisela kumakhemikhali anikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze azame futhi anciphise ubukhulu besisu futhi enze ukuhlinzwa kube lula.
- I-Adjuvant chemotherapy ivame ukwenza ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, futhi kuyindlela yokulahla amaseli omdlavuza okungenzeka asakaze ngaphezu kwendawo yokuhlinza, kepha ayitholakali okwamanje emibonweni ye-imaging esinayo.
Kunezinye izindlela eziningi lapho ukuhlinzwa kuhlanganiswa nezinye izifo, kodwa udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzokhuluma ngalokhu ngokubhekiselwe kumdlavuza wakho othize.
I-Radiation Therapy
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla kuyindlela yokwelashwa yendawo. Isebenza ukuqeda amaseli omdlavuza emkhakheni lapho uqondiswa khona. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kusebenzisa izinhlobo ezithile zamandla ukugcoba izicubu noma ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ngokulimaza i-DNA yesifo somdlavuza ngakho akwazi ukuphindaphinda. Amaseli e-Cancer azwela kakhulu emisebeni. Amaseli enempilo aseduze angalimala futhi, kodwa ngokujwayelekile abe namandla kakhulu emiphumeleni yemisebe kunamaseli omdlavuza.
I-radiation inganikezwa ngezindlela eziningana, kodwa ingahle idilizwe ibe yimisebe yangaphandle, eqondisa imisebe yesikhumba esivela ngaphandle komzimba, noma imisebe yangaphakathi noma i-brachytherapy, lapho imbewu enomsakazo ifakwa khona emzimbeni.
Inqubekela phambili ebalulekile yenziwe ekwelashweni kwama-radiation ukuze amangqamuzana anempilo akonakaliswe cishe kakhulu esikhathini esidlule. Izindlela ezintsha zithola izindlela zokuqondisa inani eliphakeme lemisebe emathunjini ukuze ukwelashwa kufezwe ngokuvakashelwa okumbalwa.
Njengomuthi we- chemotherapy, imisebe inganikezwa yedwa, noma ihlanganiswe nokuhlinzwa noma i-chemotherapy. Kwezinye ukwelapha, amasu omlilo amasha angase asetshenziswe esikhundleni sokuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi kulabo abahlinzeka khona ukuhlinzwa kungaba yingozi. I-radiation ingase isetshenziswe njengendlela yokwelapha, okungukuthi, ukwelashwa ukunciphisa izimpawu zomdlavuza, kodwa ngaphandle kwenhloso yokwelapha umdlavuza.
I-Chemotherapy
I-Chemotherapy uhlobo lomuthi wokwelapha osebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuqeda amaseli omdlavuza. Ngokungafani nokuhlinzwa, i- chemotherapy ithinta wonke umzimba , hhayi nje ingxenye ethile. Isebenza ngokukhomba ama-cell multiplication ngokushesha. Ngeshwa, ezinye izinhlobo zamangqamuzana emizimbeni yethu nazo zanda ngamanani aphezulu, njengezinwele zezinwele zezinwele, amangqamuzana emnothweni wethu, namaseli afaka izisu zethu. Yingakho i-chemo ingabangela imiphumela emibi njengezinwele nokulahlekelwa isisu.
I-Chemotherapy ivame ukunikezwa iphilisi noma i-intravenously (IV) kodwa inganikezwa ngezinye izindlela. Uhlobo olulodwa lwe-chemotherapy lungasetshenziswa, kodwa i- chemotherapy ehlangene ivame ukushiwo . Lokhu kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingaphezu kweyodwa ezenzelwe ukuphazamisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli ezindaweni ezahlukene kulo mjikelezo.
Ngokujabulisayo imiphumela emibi ye-chemotherapy njenge-nausea iyaphathwa kangcono kakhulu kunangaphambili, futhi abantu abaningi banenhlanhla encane futhi bahlanza.
Imithi ehlosiwe
Izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe yigama elisetshenziselwa izidakamizwa ezikhomba izici ezithile zomdlavuza. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, sifundile ukuthi yonke imdlavuza ihlukile, futhi ine-profile ye-molecular ehlukile. Ngokukhomba ezinye zezinqubo zokusetshenziswa kwezicubu ezivumela ukuba ziphumelele, lezi zindlela zokwelashwa zivame ukwelapha umdlavuza ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi kakhulu njengekhemotherapy. Ezinye zazo zibhekiswe kwezidakamizwa zokwelashwa zisebenza ukuvimbela izimpawu ezibangela ukuba lesi sifo sikhule, kuyilapho abanye basebenza ngokunqamula igazi ukuhlinzeka ngesisu, okwenza kube khona ukubulawa yindlala. Le ndawo yokwelapha iqhubeka nsuku zonke, kanti izidakamizwa eziningi ezintsha zisanda kuvunyelwa, futhi zivivinywa nakakhulu ekuvivinyweni kwemitholampilo.
Ukuze unqume ukuthi ubani ozophendula kangcono kulezi zindlela zokwelapha, i-oncologists ivame ukwenza i-profiling profiling (i-molecular profiling) esithombeni esiye saqanjwa.
Immunotherapy
I-Immunotherapy iyisigaba esisha esithakazelisayo sokwelashwa komdlavuza-okunye okungenzeka ukuthi wezwe mayelana nezindaba zakamuva. Kunezici eziningi ezahlukene zezidakamizwa, kodwa iningi labo lisebenza ngokulula ngokufaka amasosha omzimba wethu ukuze imizimba yethu ikwazi ukulwa nomdlavuza. Lezi zidakamizwa azisebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa uma zenza zingabangela ukulawula isikhathi eside komdlavuza kwabanye abantu, ngisho nangokwelapha okuphambili.
Izivivinyo zemitholampilo
Ngokusho kweNational Cancer Institute, abantu abanomdlavuza kufanele bacabangele ukhetho lwezilingo zomtholampilo. Ngeshwa, izinkolelo eziphathelene nokuvivinywa komtholampilo zivame ukwesaba abantu, futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi inani elincane kuphela labantu abafanelekela lezi zilingo njengamanje lihlanganyela. Kungaba usizo ukuqaphela ukuthi zonke izidakamizwa kanye nenqubo manje okufanele siphathe umdlavuza wabuye wafundiswa esilingo somtholampilo. Thatha isikhashana ukuthi ufunde ngenhloso yokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo nokuthi zingase zingakusizi kanjani kuphela ukufaka isandla ekunakekeleni imithi yokwelapha okungcono kepha unganikeza okukhethwa kukho okungcono kakhulu.
Ezinye zokwelapha
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphe lapho uzwa "ukuphulukiswa okuyisimangaliso" kwi-intanethi. Ngeshwa, noma ubani angakwazi ukushicilela noma iyiphi into ku-intanethi. Lokho kusho ukuthi, uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezihambisanayo zisetshenziswa ngendlela ehlanganisayo-kanye nezindlela ezijwayelekile ezixoxe ngazo-zingasiza abantu ukuba babhekane nezinkinga zomdlavuza kalula. Thatha isikhashana ukufunda ngezinye zezokwelapha zomuthi wokuhlanganisa ezifana nokuzindla, ukusikhipha umzimba, ukugcoba umzimba nokuningi.
Ukukhetha ukwelashwa
Ngaphambi kokuba uhlale nodokotela wakho, hlola le mibuzo ukuze ubuze udokotela wakho ngomdlavuza wakho bese wengeza imicabango yakho. Ngokuvamile umdlavuza awufanele uphathwe ngokushesha, futhi uzoba nesikhathi sokuhlola ngokucophelela izinketho zakho bese uthole umbono wesibili (noma wesithathu noma wesine). Asikwazi ukugcizelela ngokwanele ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukufunda ukuthi ungummeli wakho kanjani njengesiguli somdlavuza.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, hlala kunethemba. Intuthuko yenziwa ngisho nezinzima kakhulu ukwelapha umdlavuza. Uma kunguye othandekayo wakho oye wafundwa, nansi eminye imibono yokuthi ungamsekela kanjani othandekayo ngomdlavuza .
Umthombo:
I-National Cancer Institute. Ukwelapha I-Cancer. Kubuyekezwa 04/29/15.