Imizwelo nokuningi
Ngo-1878 uPaul Broca, isazi sezinzwa zeFrance esaziwa ngokuthi okuthiwa i-Broca's aphasia, wahlanganisa igama elithi "le grand lobe lymbique." Igama elithi "limbus" libhekisela emkhawulweni noma emgqeni. UDkt Broca wayebhekisela ezakhiweni ezizungeze ingxenye engaphakathi yobuchopho, emkhawulweni wendawo yobuchopho.
Incazelo yegama elithi "isimiso semilenze" ishintshile kusukela ngesikhathi sikaBraca.
Kusadingeka ukuthi kufake izakhiwo phakathi kwe-cortex ne- hypothalamus ne-brainstem, kodwa ochwepheshe abahlukene bafaka izakhiwo ezahlukene njengengxenye yesimiso semilenze. I-amygdala ne- hippocampus zifakiwe kabanzi, njenge- cortex ene - olfactory. Kusukela lapho, imibono ihlukanisa ngokuqondene nalokho okubhekwa njengengxenye yesimiso semilenze, futhi yikuphi okushiwo yi-paralimic, okusho isakhiwo esithintana kakhulu nesimiso somzimba kodwa akuyona ingxenye yaso.
Uhlelo lomzimba luhlinzeka ngemisebenzi ehlukahlukene engqondweni neyomzwelo. I-hippocampi, ephakathi komngcele wangaphakathi we-lobes temporal, ibalulekile ekubunjweni kwememori. I-amygdalae ihlezi phezulu kwengxenye yangaphambili ye-hippocampus ngayinye. I-amygdala ngayinye icatshangwa ukuthi ibalulekile ekucubunguleni umzwelo. I-amygdala ikhuluma eduze ne-hippocampus, okusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani sikhumbula izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokomzwelo.
I-amygdala iphinde ikhulume eduze ne-hypothalamus, indawo yobuchopho obhekene nokulawula ukushisa, ukudla, kanye nezinye izinqubo eziyisisekelo ezidingekayo ekuphileni. I-hypothalamus ngokwayo ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa hhayi njalo, ifakwe njengengxenye yesimiso semilenze. Ngaphandle kwe-hypothalamus, kanye nezinye izindawo ezibalulekile ku-brainstem, isimiso semilenze sixhumana nesistimu yethu yesimiso esiyi-autonomic (elawula izinto ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo nokucindezela kwegazi), uhlelo lwe-endocrine, ne-viscera (noma "gut").
Amangqamuzana omzimba ebuchosheni ahlelwe ngefashoni ehlukile kuye ngokuthi indawo. I-cortex ye-cerebral iningi kakhulu nge-neocortical, okusho ukuthi amaseli akhona ezintendeni ezingu-6. Lokhu kuhluke esimisweni se-limbic, lapho amangqamuzana ahlelwe khona emigqeni encane (isb. Paleocorticoid), noma ngaphezulu (i-corticoid). Le nhlangano encane eyinkimbinkimbi yesimiso semilenze, kanye nokulawulwa kwesimiso semilenze yezinqubo eziyisisekelo zokuphila, kuye kwaholela odokotela ukuthi isakhiwo semilenze sisebenza ngokweqile kune-cortex ye-cerebral.
Izakhiwo ze-paralimic zakha inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi nesistimu ye-limbic. Izibonelo zezinhlaka ze-paralimic zihlanganisa i-cingulate gyrus, i-orbitofrontal cortex, i-pole temporal, nengxenye ye-insula. I-basal forebrain, i-nucleus accumbens, imizimba yeminyama kanye nezingxenye ze-thalamus (i-nuclei yangaphakathi neyodwa) zivame ukubhekwa njengezakhiwo eziqanjiwe ngenxa yokusebenzisana okusheshayo nesistimu ye-limbic.
Ngayinye yalezi zakhiwo eziqhamukayo zihlotshaniswe nomzwelo noma izinqubo eziyisisekelo zokuzicabangela. I-anterior cingulate gyrus, isibonelo, iboshelwe ekukhuthazeni nasekushayeleni. I-insula ixhunywe namandla ethu okuzwa izinzwa zethu zangaphakathi (noma "ukuthukuthela imizwa").
I- cortex ye-orbitofrontal , i-nucleus accumbens, ne-basal forebrain ibandakanyeka ngokuzwa okujabulisayo noma umvuzo. Imizimba yamagciwane kanye nuclei ye-thalamic kubalulekile ekwakheni izinkumbulo ezintsha.
Zonke lezi zindlela zixhunyiwe ngokumangalisayo. I-amygdala, ngokwesibonelo, ixhumana nomgwaqo we-orbitofrontal ngokusebenzisa umfutho wendaba emhlophe okuthiwa i-uncinate fasciculus, njengoba kwenza i-insula. I-amygdala ikhuluma ezingxenyeni ze-hypothalamus futhi ilandelana nge-stria terminalis, nase-brainstem nakwezinye izakhiwo nge-ventral amygdalofugal endleleni.
I-hippocampus ngokuyinhloko ikhuluma ngomgwaqo omkhulu omhlophe obizwa ngokuthi i-fornix, ephikisana ne-ventricles yobuchopho emzimbeni weminyama, ithumela amagatsha emzimbeni wezinkukhu, i-thalamus, futhi ilandele indlela.
Uhlelo lwe-limbic liyiqembu elingaphansi kwezakhiwo, futhi likhonza imisebenzi eminingi ehlukene. Lezo zenzo ziyisisekelo sendlela esicabanga ngayo, esizizwa ngayo, futhi siphendule ezweni elisizungezile.
Imithombo:
I-Blumenfeld H, i-Neuroanatomy ngokusebenzisa ama-Clinical Cases. I-Sunderland: Abakwa-Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002.
I-Ropper AH, ama-Samuels MA. Adams kanye Nemigomo kaVictor ye-Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.