Ingxenye Eningi Yabantu Yobuntu?
I-lobes yangaphambili yizifunda zobuchopho okucatshangwa ukuthi zilawula izinto eziningi ezisenza sibe ngabantu. Eqinisweni, lesi sifundazwe sinabantu abaningi kakhulu kunabanye izilwane. Kuthatha isikhathi eside kunazo zonke ukuvuthwa, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kube umuntu omdala osemncane.
Imisebenzi ye-lobes yangaphambili ihlanganisa ukubamba umqondo futhi uvumele lo mbono uqondise ukuziphatha kwethu esikhathini esizayo.
I-lobes yangaphambili isisiza ukuba sibeke imigomo nemisebenzi yethu, sikhethe phakathi kwezinyathelo ezifanele, siphendule ukusabela okungamukelekile nezimpendulo futhi sinqume ubuhlobo phakathi kwezinto nemicabango.
Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-lobes yangaphambili: i-cortex nezindawo ze-paralimic. I-cortex iqukethe imizimba yamangqamuzana e-nervous laying ngqo endaweni engqondweni. Lawa maseli axhumana omunye nomunye ngezinqubo ezinjengezintambo ezide ezibizwa nge-axons. Amanye ama-axons agxila kakhulu ebuchosheni, lapho axhumane khona nezakhiwo eduze nombono wengqondo.
Phakathi kwezakhiwo eziseduze nesikhungo sobuchopho yizifunda ze-paralimic, okucatshangwa ukuthi zihlobene nemizwelo, imisebenzi kanye nokushayela okuyisisekelo. Lokhu kuqhathanisa nezifunda ezinobuso ezicatshangwa ukuthi ziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi okungasenza sikwazi ukucabanga. Ngokubambisana, ama-cortex nama- paralimic ukwahlukana kwe-lobes yangaphambili kusenza sikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ephakathi nalokho esikucabanga ngakho.
Ukubeka Imisebenzi
Ngokungafani nezilwane ezivele ziphendule ngokwemvelo kulokho okuphambi kwabo, abantu banekhono lokuhlela kusengaphambili. Ukwenza lokhu, kudingeka sikwazi ukubamba ulwazi engqondweni yethu. Uma kungenjalo, siyobe sikhohlwe njalo lokho esikucabanga ngakho. Lokhu kubambelela kolwazi, ngisho nasebusweni bokuphazanyiswa, kwenzeka endaweni yesifundazwe se-prefrontal cortex.
I-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex izokwazi ukuphatha ulwazi ukuze uhlele uhlelo.
Ukuqalisa nokusekela umsebenzi
Izakhiwo ezingxenyeni eziphakathi nendawo yangaphambili yobuchopho (izakhiwo zangaphakathi) zicatshangelwa ukuqhuba ukuziphatha. Uma lezi zindawo zonakaliswa, umuntu angase alahlekelwe yizo zonke izizathu zokwenza ngisho nomsebenzi olula . Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi abulia noma i- akinetic mutism ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Umsebenzi Wokuqapha
I-cortex ye-orbitofrontal inquma futhi ikulindela amanani omvuzo wezibonakaliso, izinto, nokukhetha. Isibonelo, lesi sifundazwe singasisiza ukuthi sinqume ukuthi ngabe kukhona okuyosilimaza noma kusilimaze esikhathini esizayo. I-cortex yomsindo we-medibitofrontal kucatshangwa ukuthi iphendule kumvuzo kanye ne-coralx ye-oralofrontal ye-orbitofrontal ekujezisweni. Isifunda esiseduze nangemuva kwengqondo (ngemuva) kukhonkolo kakhulu - lena yingxenye engase ibone ngokushesha ukubaluleka komzwelo wekhekhe le-chocolate njengento ehlwabusayo futhi efiselekayo. Izingxenye ze-cortex ye-orbitofrontal eziseduze nengaphambili yebuchopho (anterior) zisebenzelana nemiphumela eminingi engabonakali futhi engokomfanekiso, njengemali engayithola ekuthengeni ikhekhe lekhekhethi.
Ukulindela nokuqapha i-Stimuli
I-cortex yangaphakathi ye-cingulate isiza ukulandelela izimpawu ezizayo zombili ngaphandle kwezwe langaphandle nemicabango yethu nomzimba wethu.
Noma yini engalindelekile ingabangela ukucubungula okwengeziwe ngaphambi kokuba impendulo ihlinzekwe. Isibonelo, kusivivinyo esidumile se-Stroop, uhlu lwamagama agqamile aluboniswa. Ukuqamba ukuthi igama elithi "obomvu" linganyatheliswa ngohlobo oluhlaza. Othile othatha isitifiketi se-Stroop utshelwe ukuthi uyayinaki igama elilotshiwe futhi usho nje umbala. Ukukhethwa ngokucophelela nokugxila kwisici esisodwa sezwe langaphandle kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-anterior cingulate.
Umthethonqubo womzwelo
I-cortex ye-orbitofrontal ibonisa umsebenzi okwandisiwe uma othile elawula imizwelo yabo. Lokhu kuhlobene ngokuhlobene nomsebenzi ku-amygdala.
Ukulimala kwe-cortex ye-orbitofrontal kuholela ekuvinjisweni nokuziphatha okungacabangi, njengoba kuboniswe kulesi cala esidumile sikaPineas Gage.
Ukusabela Ekushintsheni Obuthakathaka
Ubuqotho buyisilinganiso sokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani futhi kufanelekile isignali ethile kuwe ngesikhathi esithile. Isibonelo, uma ulambile, ucezu lwekhekhe le-chocolate lithembekile kakhulu. Ngemuva kokudla isigamu sekhekhe, ukukhishwa kwekhekhe kuthanda. Ukunquma ukubaluleka kolwazi, ingqondo kufanele ihlanganise ngokushesha izibonakaliso ezizwakalayo, ezibonakalayo, nezizimele. Inethiwekhi yomthamo ihlanganisa i-insula kanye nengxenye ye-cortex yangaphambili eyosisiza ukuba sinikeze izincazelo.
Shintsha
Abantu banamandla okukhetha ukuthi yini okufanele siyiqaphele. Lokho kusho, kuye ngezimo, ukunakekelwa kwethu kungashintsha ngokushesha phakathi kwezinto ezihlukene endaweni yethu.
Inethiwekhi yokunaka i-ventral ihlanganisa izingxenye ze-gyrus ezisezingeni eliphansi nelingaphansi kanye ne-cortex ye-temporoparietal. Lokhu kusisiza ukuba siqondise okuthile ngokushesha, ngisho noma kuphazamisa umgomo, futhi kusenze sikhethe ukuthi kufanele siqhubeke sigxile ekuvuseleleni okusha noma sibuyele emsebenzini owenzile.
Ukulawula okuPhezulu
Amakhono we-lobes angaphambili angabonakala sengathi abe negalelo kulokho ama-neurologists abiza ngokuthi "ukulawula okuphezulu." Lokhu kubonisa amandla ethu okulawula izimpendulo zethu endaweni yethu, kunokuba nje senze noma yini esibhekene nathi okwamanje.
Ukulawula okulawulayo kusivumela ukuhlunga iziphazamiso ezizungezile. Ibuye isenze sikwazi ukulawula lokho esikucabangayo, futhi sishintshe ukugxila kwethu ngendlela ukuze singaphazamiseki imicabango yethu. Ukulawulwa okuphezulu kwezimzwelo kusenza sikwazi ukulawula ukuthi sibonakala kanjani kwabanye futhi sizikhuthaze uma singavamile ukugqugquzelwa. Okokugcina, ukulawula okuphezulu phezu kwenethiwekhi yemoto kusivumela ukuba sithume amehlo noma sifinyelele okuthile.
Imithombo
Giedd, Jay N .; Blumenthal, J; UJeffries, CHA; I-Castellanos, i-FX; U-Liu, H; I-Zijdenbos, A; I-Paus, T; Evans, AC et al. (Okthoba 1999). "Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho ebuntwaneni nasekukhuleni: isifundo se-MRI eside". Imvelo Neuroscience 2 (10): 861-863.
RG Gross, M. Grossman; IziNsiza eziPhezulu, ukuqhubeka nokuPhila kokuFunda konke nge-Neurol 2010; 16 (4) p. 140-152.
Sollberger, M., Rankin, KP, & Miller, BL (2010). Ukuqanjwa komphakathi. Ukuqhubeka kwe-Learning Lifelong Neurol, 16 (4), 69-85.