Ososayensi "baqeqesha" amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba ukuze abe ababulali abaphumelelayo
Eminyakeni yamuva, abacwaningi baye bagxila kakhulu ezindleleni ezihlukahlukene zokuzivikela nge-immunologic zokunciphisa i- HIV , lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela somzimba senziwa ngokuzivikela okusebenzayo ngegciwane elihlasela. Kubantu abaningi, ikhono lomzimba lokuzivikela lithinta ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba amangqamuzana okuthiwa "ama-killer", aziwa ngokuthi ama- CD8 + T-cells , kancane kancane alahlekelwa amandla abo okubona igciwane eliguquguqukayo ngokushesha.
Ukuncintisana nezindaba, i-HIV inamandla okuzakhela ngokushesha kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi izindawo zokugcina ezigciniwe-okuyizindawo zokufihla-lapho zingakwazi khona ukuqhubeka iminyaka eminingi ngisho nangamashumi eminyaka ngisho nasebusweni obuyimpumelelo ye- antiretroviral (ART).
Ukuze kukhishwe i-HIV emzimbeni, ososayensi akudingeki nje bakhulule i-HIV engalahleki kulezi zindawo ezingcwele kodwa bazibulale nge-ejenti ethile ehlukumezayo ngokugcwele noma ngokubangela ukuphendula kwe-immune okuphakeme (noma kokubili). Ngisho nabaphenyi bahlola izindlela ezintsha nezithembisayo zokuthi bakhiphe i-HIV ngaphandle, kuze kube yimanje asikaze sithole izindlela zokubulala igciwane uma selikhishwe.
Ososayensi eJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, eholwa ngumphenyi omdala uRobert Siciliano, MD, Ph.D., ababonanga ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka kodwa bahlongoze isu elingase livule umnyango wokwakha umgomo wokugoma ngokuphelele ukuchitha izinhlayiya zegciwane.
Isibonelo sokuthi "Ukuqeqesha" Ukubulala Amaseli E-T
Ekucwaningeni kwabo, uSiciliano kanye neqembu lakhe baye babika ukuthi i- HIV esanda kukhishwa ivame ukuguqulwa ukuze ingaqondakali ngokuphelele kuma-CD8 + T-cells. Bakholelwa ukuthi ngokuthi "ukuqeqesha" la maseli avikelayo ukuze athole indawo engcono futhi abulale amangqamuzana ayenesifo esinikezwe indawo eyaziwa njengememori ye- CD4 + T- angakwazi ukuhlanza umzimba we-HIV noma, okungenani, alawule igciwane ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imithi.
Abaphenyi baqala ngokuthatha amasampula egazi kusuka ku-25 iziguli ezine-HIV, ezingu-10 zazo zaqala i-ART zingakapheli izinyanga ezintathu zokutheleleka kanti abanye abasele baqala ukwelashwa kamuva ngesikhathi sokutheleleka uma izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo sezivela kuqala.
Akumangalisi ukuthi labo abaqala i-ART ekuqaleni babeningi le-HIV ngenkathi labo abaqala kamuva bebizwa ngokuthi "ukuphunyuka" okuguquguquka okuvumela ukuthi amaprotheni wegciwane ukuba azifihle ekutholeni. Kodwa-ke, yikuphi uSiciliano nabacwaningi bakhe abakwazi ukuthola ukuthi kokubili i-HIV engaguquki neyashintshayo igcina ingxenye encane yeprotheyini yabo yangempela yegciwane. Ngokubamba i-CD8 + T-cells ukuze iqaphele le phrotheni "uphawu," ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi iseli lingase likwazi kangcono ukukhomba nokubhubhisa igciwane.
Ezifundweni ze- vitro laboratory, abaphenyi baqala ukuthola ama-T-cells avela ezigulini zabo futhi bawavulela ku-HIV noma i-virtual protein chunks esithathwe kokubili i-HIV ethintekayo nengenayo i-HIV. Isampula kamuva yabekwa obala nge-CD4 + T-cells esetshenziswe ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ethathwe ezigulini eziyaziwa ukuthi zinezinkinga zokuguquka. Ngemuva kokuhlaziya imiphumela, uSiciliano kanye neqembu lakhe bathola ukuthi ama-T-cell abulawe kuzo zonke izandulela ngculaza ezingenakushintshwayo akwazi ukubulala amangama-63% amangqamuzana athelelekile ngenkathi labo abathole i-HIV emangalisa bekwazi ukubulala 23% kuphela.
Abacwaningi base behlola imodeli yamagundane anomuntu (okungukuthi, amagundane aphikisiwe ukuze abe nempendulo yegciwane lesandulela-ngculazi) eyayisetshenziswe yilowo nalowo ku-HIV. Lapho amagundane aqhutshwa kamuva-isigaba, izifo eziphawulekayo futhi zijojowe noma eyodwa noma enye "eqeqeshiwe" ibulali T-cell amasampula, imiphumela efanayo. Bonke labo ababethole ama-T-cell amangqamuzana abanjwe yi-HIV kuphela eguquliwe. Labo ababethole ama-T-amaseli abanjwe nge-HIV abaguquguqukayo nabangenakushintshwayo babhekene nokudonsa okujulile, okuyizinkulungwane ezilinganiselwa emzimbeni wegciwane , kanti abanye banqatshelwe emazingeni aphelele angatholakali.
Ucwaningo lukaJohn Hopkins lunikeza ubufakazi obunamandla bokuthi kungase kugcine kuveze indlela yokuqeda noma ukulawula i-HIV ngokuphelele.
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