Enye ye-conundrum ye- AIDS yokugoma imithi ukuthi i-virus inekhono elihlukile "lokuzifihla" ngokwayo kusukela ekuzichazeni kokubili amasosha omzimba kanye nezidakamizwa okuhloswe ngazo ukuyibuyisela. Esikhundleni sokujikeleza ngokukhululekile egazini lapho kungabonakala khona kalula, igciwane lizihlanganisa ngokwawo amaseli namathishu kuwo wonke umzimba kulokho owaziwa ngokuthi umbuso we-proviral.
Esimweni saso se-proviral, igciwane lesandulela ngculazi lifaka nje izinto zalo ezifuywayo kulelo lensimu yalo. Ngakho esikhundleni sokuphindaphinda njengegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, livele liphindaphindiwe njengoba iseli lesikhulu lichaza. Ngenxa yalokho, isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba asikwazanga ukuba khona kwegciwane phakathi nalesi sikhathi se-latency, sivumele siqhubeke singagciniwe kusukela esizukulwaneni kuya esizukulwaneni.
Ngenkathi i-HIV ngokuqinisekile ayiyona kuphela i-pathogen ye-viral eyaziwa ukwenza lokhu, ikhono layo lokuzifihla lenze ukuqeda okungenakwenzeka kakhulu, kuphazamisa abacwaningi ngengxenye engcono yeminyaka engu-30.
Njengamanje, ososayensi abaqiniseki ngokugcwele ukuthi ukungena kwe-proviral kuningi kangakanani. Ucwaningo oluvela kuJohn Hopkins University ngo-2103 lwaphakamisa ukuthi izikhumba zamagesi ezibhekele i-HIV zingase zibe zikhulu izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-60 kunalokho okucatshangwa ngaphambilini.
Ngenkathi kwenziwa imizamo yokusebenza futhi "ukukhahlela" igciwane kusuka kulawa maseli aphethwe, ambalwa ama-agent agunyaziwe akwazi ukufeza amazinga okusebenza okudingekayo ukuze enze ukwelashwa okuqeda.
Ukuqonda isimo seProviral
Ngencazelo, i-provirus i-genetic material (genome) yegciwane elihlanganiswe ne-DNA yesitokisi esithintekayo.
Kunezimboni ezimbili zama-proviral. Owokuqala nje isiteji sokuphindaphinda kwe-viral uma i-provirus "iduna" i-coding i-coding cell cell-ngokusebenzisa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-mRNA yokubhalisa-futhi iqondisa ukuhlanganiswa kwegciwane elisha, eliqhubeka ukuthelela amanye amangqamuzana angene.
Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukutheleleka okukhiqizayo.
Owesibili yisimo lapho igciwane lingaphenduki khona kodwa liqhutshelwa ngaphandle kwe-DNA yeli cell esithintekayo njengoba liphindaphinda kusukela esizukulwaneni kuya esizukulwaneni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukutheleleka okulindelekile , futhi amaseli abambeleleke anesifo se-provirus ajwayele ukubhekwa njengama- reservoir .
Ukutheleleka okulindelekile kungahle kwenzeke ngokuphumelelayo ekuphenduleni izinguquko endaweni yokusingatha noma impilo yomuntu ogulayo. E-HIV, lokhu kwenzeka kaningi lapho ukwelashwa kwe-antiretroviral kwehluleka , ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kokumelana noma ukunamathela ngokuqinile , kanye / noma uma ukuvikelwa komzimba kuphelile ngenxa yokutheleleka.
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, i-provirus "engathuli" ingase ivele isebenze futhi iqale ukuveza i-genome yayo, ikhiqize igciwane elisha ngenkathi ibulala iseli lesikhamuzi.
Enye yezinselelo zokugonywa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza uthola izindlela zokuqeda i-HIV ngokuphumelelayo esimweni sayo esilandelayo, se-proviral. Ngenxa yokuthi igciwane lesandulela ngculazi alibheki izidakamizwa ukutheleleka okulindelekile, izidambisigciwane- okusebenza ngokuvimbela ukuphindaphinda okubangelwa amagciwane-kunomthelela omncane. Ngenxa yalokho, igciwane lingabonakali, likwazi ukuhlala lifihlekile ngisho noma ubuso bomuthi wokwelashwa we-antiretroviral ngokucindezela ngokugcwele .
Ososayensi manje bahlola izindlela zokuqalisa izikhumbi ezilindile ngokusetshenziswa kwe-agent eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yezidakamizwa. Uma kuphumelele, amanye amasu (ukwelapha, i-immunologic) angahle aqashwe ngokucophelela ukuze aqede i-HIV esanda kuvezwa. Ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi "ukubulala," indlela engase iholele ekutholeni ukhetho lomgomo wokugoma kanye / noma isu.
Ukubizwa ngegama: pro-VY-rus
Imithombo:
I-Ho, Y .; futhi al., "Izimpendulo ezinamandla ezingaphenduliyo ezikhungweni ezingenalutho emgodini okhulayo okhulisa umkhawulo wokuphilisa i-HIV-1." Iseli. 2013; 155: 540-551.
I-Wu, Y. "Inkulumo yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza-1: izifundo ezivela ku-provirus ne-DNA engahlanganisiwe." I-Retrovirology. Meyi 21, 2004; 1 (13): ini: 10.1186 / 1742-4690-1-13.
U-Eisele, u-E. no-Siciliano, R. "Ukuhlenga kabusha izindawo zokugcina amagciwane ezivimbela ukuqedwa kwe-HIV-1." Ukungakhulelwe. Ngo-September 21, 2012; 37 (3): 377-388.
I-Ho, Y .; UShan, uL .; Hosmane, N .; et al. "Ukuphendulela-Amakhono Okuncintisana Amandla Asemandleni Esikhungweni Esiseduze Ukwandisa Umkhawulo Wokuthola I-HIV-1." Iseli. Ngo-Okthoba 23, 2013. 155 (3): 540-551.