Imibuzo engu-7 evame ukubuzwa njalo
Nakuba ukuthuthukiswa kwamuva kwindlela yokwelashwa kwe-antiretroviral akuyona into emangalisa-okwenza abantu abanesandulela-ngculazi eduze-okujwayelekile isikhathi sokuphila-kunokuhlala igebe eliphazamisayo ekunakekeleni phakathi kwalabo abaswele kakhulu. Eqinisweni, kulaba baseMelika abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1.2 abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza namuhla, abangaphansi kweyodwa kwabangu-4 bayakwazi ukufeza ukhiye wokucindezela ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo ekuphumeleleni ekwelapheni.
Futhi lokhu kuyinkinga. Ngaphandle kwamandla okuthola ukulawulwa kwegciwane, abantu abanesandulela ngculaza basengozini enkulu yokuhluleka ukwelashwa, ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nezidakamizwa eziningi, kokuthola izifo ezihlobene negciwane lesandulela ngculazi kanye nokungenalo i-HIV, nokudlulisela abanye igciwane.
Ukwelapha i-HIV namuhla ekugcineni kungaphezu kokuthatha amaphilisi kuphela. Ngokuphathelene nokuthola amathuluzi okuphatha kahle isifo sakho ngokubambisana nodokotela wakho noma umtholampilo. Ngokuphathelene nokuqala ukwelashwa kuqala ukugwema izifo kanye nezinkinga zokwelapha. Ngokuphathelene nokuzigcina uhlanganiswe nokunakekelwa ukuze ukwazi ukuhlala unempilo ngaphezu kwesikhathi eside.
Ngokuphathelene nokuthatha imali futhi ubeke i-HIV njalo ekuphileni kwakho ukuze ulawule isifo sakho kunokuba isifo sakho sikulawulwe.
Konke kuqala ngemfundo nangokuzibuza imibuzo efanele.
1. Yimaphi ama-Antiretrovirals futhi asebenza kanjani?
Akungabazeki ukuthi izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-HIV ziye zaqhubeka kakhulu ngonyaka odlule.
Ukuze uqaphele indlela abaphumelele ngayo-futhi kungani kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelapha kusukela lapho uthola ukuhlolwa-kufanele uqale uqonde ukuthi ama-antiretrovirals asebenza kanjani, ukuthi kungani asebenza, nokuthi ukusebenza kwawo kungenziwa kanjani uma kungathathwa ngendlela efanele .
2. Ngabe Kufanele Ngiqale Ukwelashwa Ngini?
NgoSepthemba 30, 2015, i-World Health Organization (WHO) ivuselele iziqondiso zayo zokwelapha ezandulela i-HIV ukugqugquzela ukuqaliswa ngokushesha kwe-antiretroviral therapy ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-CD4 count, isigaba sesifo noma indawo.
Funda ukuthi kungani isinqumo senziwe nokuthi iSikhathi Esiqakathekileko Sokwelashwa Kwe-Antiretroviral (START) sithinte kanjani indlela esiphatha ngayo i-HIV emhlabeni jikelele.
3. Yiziphi izidakamizwa ze-HIV okufanele ngiziqale ngazo?
UMnyango WezeMpilo WezeMpilo wase-United States usanda kuvuselela iziqondiso zabo zokwelashwa nge-HIV, ukhuthaze kuphela ukuqaliswa kokwelapha ngokushesha kubantu bonke abadala abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi kodwa bebeka phambili amakilasi amasha ngezidakamizwa emithi yokuqala. Funda ukuthi kungani lezi zinguquko zenziwe nokuthi zisho ukuthini kuwe.
4. Yiziphi izidakamizwa ezivunyelwe ukwelapha i-HIV?
Namuhla, kulawa makilasi amahlanu wezidakamizwa ezidambisigciwane ezivunyelwe ukwelashwa, kukhona ama-agent angu-27 kanye nama-12 ahlanganisiwe ama-dose ahlanganiswa nezidakamizwa ezinamakhemikhali amabili noma ngaphezulu. Funda kabanzi mayelana nale mithi nokuthi zisetshenziswe kanjani eshadini elilula ukuliqonda.
5. Kwenzekani Uma Ukwelashwa Kuhluleka?
Ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa kwehluleka ngenxa yempikiswano engavumeleki yecala lomuthi. Ngezinye izikhathi, kuwumphumela wokuhluleka kwe-virologic noma i-immunologic, lapho izidakamizwa zakho zingakwazi ukuvimbela inani legciwane emzimbeni wakho noma ukukwazi ukuvuselela ukusebenza komzimba. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuthi kunqunywe ukuthi imiphi imithi emisha ezofeza imigomo efanele yokwelapha wena njengomuntu ngamunye.
Funda ukuthi kungani ukwehluleka kokwelashwa kwenzeka nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa okwamanje ezinconywa uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka.
6. Ukunamathela Kwanele Kwanele?
Njengomthetho, sekuyisikhathi eside kunconywa ukuthi iziguli zilondoloze ukunamathela kwezidakamizwa eziseduze (ezingaphezulu kwama-95%) ukuze kutholakale ukucindezelwa okuphelele okuqhubekayo kwegciwane. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ingozi yokumelana nezidakamizwa iyanciphisa, kanti ukusebenza kwezidakamizwa ngokwabo kuqhubeka. Kodwa kwenzekani uma ama-dose ephuthelwa noma ukwelashwa kungaphazanyiswa okwesikhashana? Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuhluleka kokwelapha konke kodwa okungenakugwemeka? Funda ukuthi lolu cwaningo olusha lusitshela yini, futhi kungani lubaluleke kunanini ngaphambili ukuqonda ubuhlobo phakathi kokunamathela kokwelashwa nokuphumelela kokwelapha.
7. Noma yimaphi Amathiphu Wokuthuthukisa Ukuhambisana Nezidakamizwa?
Ukwethembeka yindawo eyodwa yokulawulwa kwe-HIV oyikhokhela ngokugcwele; lapho unokuzimela ngokuphelele phezu kokuqondisa impilo yakho nenhlalakahle yakho ithatha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukubambelela okunamandla kungenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokuhluleka kokwelashwa, okuholela ekukhetheni okuncane nokumbalwa kwezidakamizwa. Nazi amathiphu angu-18 alula (futhi ahlakaniphile) okufezekisa ukunamathela kwezidakamizwa eziningi, okwethulwa kwisigcawu esilandelayo segalari.