Kuye kwaqaphela kabanzi ukuthi izinhlobo zezilwane zokuhlola izidakamizwa nezinye izidakamizwa zinezokwelapha eziningana. Kwezinye izimo, lezi zindlela azikho emthethweni futhi zinonya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zifundo azikwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubikezela ngokunembile umzimba wezemvelo. Eziningi zalezi zifundo ziza nezindleko ezinkulu, okusho ukuthi ezinye izidakamizwa angeke zenze isigaba sokuhlola.
Abacwaningi emhlabeni jikelele bebelokhu besebenza ekuthuthukiseni izitho zomuntu ezincane ezingahle zithathele ukuhlolwa kwesilwane futhi ziphuthume ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa. Ukuhlolwa kwabo kubonisa ukuthi le teknoloji evelayo ingakwazi ukubikezela ukuphendula komzimba ezidakamizweni nezifo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izifundo eziphilayo. Imbonini yezokwelapha iveza isithakazelo kulobu buchwepheshe bezempilo obusakazayo, okusiza ukuthungela emisha yayo.
I-Org-On-A-Chip yokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa
I-organ-on-a-chip yidivayisi edalwe ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokukhiqiza ze-microchip. Iqukethe amakamelo aqhubekile ahlanganiswe namaseli aphilayo aphilayo. Ubukhulu bemininingwana encane yememori yekhompiyutha, le divayisi ilingisa i-biology nemisebenzi yezitho zangempela futhi iyathuthukisa izinhlelo ezikhona ezisetshenziswa namuhla (njengezitokisi eziphilayo ezitshalwe esitsheni se-petri).
Ososayensi kakade basebenze izitho ezahlukene-on-chips: amaphaphu, inhliziyo, intumbo, nesibindi.
I-Lung-on-chip, isibonelo, iqukethe amaseli wamapulmeri nama-capillary ohlangothini olulodwa oluvezwe enkanjeni efana negazi kanti elinye liya emoyeni. Lokhu kunikeza ososayensi ukuthi baqonde ngengxenye yamaphaphu lapho kwenzeka ukushintshwa kwegesi. Lona yindawo lapho izinkinga zamaphalona ezifana nezifo nomdlavuza kuvame ukuvela.
I-chip-in-chip iguquguqukayo, ngakho ilula futhi ivumelanise nokufana namaphaphu omuntu - ukuchaza umsebenzi wegciwane eliphilayo.
Ubuchwepheshe-on-chips ubuchwepheshe buvela emalabs of Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering eHarvard University. Ezinye izinkampani zentengiselwano manje zikhiqiza izikhumba eziphinda ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde ziphinde zenzeke. Abanye babheka indlela izidakamizwa - zombili ezivunyelwe futhi ezisanda kuthuthukiswa - ziphathe kulezi zixhobo uma ziqhathaniswa nomzimba womuntu. Njengoba izinkampani zokwelapha ziyavuma ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezobuchwepheshe be-chip kuyisimo esifanelekayo, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo nokulungiswa okulandelayo kuzokwenza izitho-on-chips zibuye ziwusizo nakakhulu esikhathini esizayo.
Ngonyaka odlule, u-Emulate, Inc. umemezele ukusebenzisana kocwaningo noJohnson & Johnson kanye ne-Wyss Institute ukuhlola isiteji sabo se-thrombosis-on-a-chip esingase lisetshenziswe ukuhlola izidakamizwa ezaziwa ngenxa yegazi. Izibonelo ze-chip ziyizinto ezihlukahlukene ezingasiza ekwakheni i-clot yegazi. Uma uphumelele, lobu buchwepheshe bungasetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kwezidakamizwa zokwelapha ukunciphisa ubungozi obubangelwa ezinye izidakamizwa - ezifana nezidakamizwa ze-immuno-therapeutics kanye ne-oncology - ezaziwa ngemiphumela emibi ehlangene ne-blood clotting.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwakamuva kwezitho ezikhulayo ezikhulayo kusuka kumaseli we-stem nakho kungase kusekele ubuchwepheshe be-organ-on-chip. Izivivinyo zibonisa ukuthi amangqamuzana angama-stem angenziwa ahlelwe ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezicubu. Nakuba kuzothatha isikhathi ngaphambi kokuba le nqubo ingasetshenziselwa ukukhulisa izitho zomuntu siqu zokufakelwa iziguli, kungenzeka isetshenziswe kakade ukukhulisa izicubu zomuntu ngamamodeli we-organ-on-chip.
Ingabe Maduzane Kuyoba Umuntu-On-A-Chip?
Ososayensi e-Wyss Institute manje basebenzela iphrojekthi yokuziqhenya: Bafuna ukuxhumanisa izitho ezihlukene-ukuze zidale isifanekiso somzimba wonke womuntu.
Lokhu kungasiza ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa ngendlela engafani nalutho. Izihloko eziningi ze-in vitro "zingahlolwa futhi zihlaziywe ngenxa yokusabela kwabo kwesinye isidakamizwa esikhathini esifushane.
I-Homo chippiens , njengoba imodeli ibizwe ngokuthi ihlaziye, ibuye ihlolwe yi-US Environmental Protection Agency njengendlela ehlukile yokutadisha imiphumela yezinyosi zemvelo, njengemiphumela ye-dioxin ne-Bisphenol A (BPA) enesibindi somuntu.
Okwamanje, cishe noma yisiphi isidakamizwa esisha sisadingeka ukuba sivivinywe isikhathi eside futhi sihlolwe kubantu kuqala ngaphambi kokushaya emakethe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezitho ezincane zesintu kungenza inqubo yokuthuthukiswa ifinyelele ngokunciphisa ingxenye yenqubo yokuhlola yezidakamizwa ezintsha. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abathile baxwayisa ukuthi ama-chips awakwazi ukubamba ukubunzima okugcwele kwesitho somuntu nokuthi lobu buchwepheshe bunemikhawulo okuzodinga ukubhekana nayo ngaphambi kokuba ibe usizo njengezinye izindlela zangempela ezingxenyeni zangempela.