Izinto Eziphezulu Eziyishumi Wonke Umuntu Kufanele Akwazi Nge-HIV

Amaqiniso Okubalulekile Okuzokusiza Ukuthola Ukulawula Ukuphila Kwakho Nempilo Ehle

Ukuzifundisa nge-HIV, ngokungangabazeki, indlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlala unempilo uma une-HIV noma uzama ukugwema ukutheleleka. Nakuba izindlela zokwelashwa zanamuhla zilula kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili - njengokulula njengephilisi elilodwa ngosuku - ukuvimbela, ukulawula nokuphatha lesi sifo kuthatha okungaphezu kwamaphilisi kuphela. Kudinga ukuqonda.

Sithanda ukunikela ngezinto ezingu-10 ongayenza namhlanje ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlala ujabule, kahle futhi uveza iminyaka eminingi ezayo, ngabe unayo i-HIV noma cha.

1 -

Qala Ngokukwazi Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso

Ukuqonda izimpawu nezimpawu ze- HIV kusivumela ukuba siphathe ngokucophelela (ngisho nokugwema) izifo ezithile ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu lapho kuqala ukutheleleka nge-HIV, nokuthi uma izimpawu ekugcineni zivela, ngokuvamile kuvame ukuthi ngemuva kokuba igciwane lidale umonakalo ongenakuqhathaniswa nesistimu yomzimba yomuntu.

Ukwesaba nemicabango engafanele nge-HIV kungavimbela abantu ukuthi bangafuni ukwelashwa nokunakekelwa abayidingayo, ngokungaqondakali kahle igama elithi "ukungabonakali" njengokusho ukuthi "ngaphandle kokutheleleka." Abanye, okwamanje, bangayinaki izimpawu zokuqala kuze kube yilapho ekugcineni behluleka, behluleka ukubona ukuthi ukubethelwa kwezimpawu zesikhathi esifushane akuyona inkomba yokuthuthukisa noma isibonakaliso "esicacile" sokuthi ukutheleleka kuye kwavinjelwa.

Okuningi

2 -

Ukwelapha i-HIV ekuxilongweni kwandisa Ukulindela Ukuphila, Kunciphisa Ukugula

Ngo-Septemba 30, 2015, i-World Health Organization (WHO) ivuselele imihlahlandlela yayo yokwelapha i-HIV yonke ukuze iphakamise ukuqaliswa ngokushesha kwe- antiretroviral therapy (ART) ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa.

Kungani? Ngokusho kocwaningo oluvela esimweni esibucayi seSikimu Esiqakathekileko sokutadisha i-Antiretroviral Treatment (START) , eshicilelwe ngo-2015, ukwelashwa ekuhlolisweni akugcini nje kuphela ukunikeza amathuba amaningi okuphila okuvamile, kunganciphisa ingozi yokugula ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-50 kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imali engenayo, ubuhlanga, geography, noma isimo se-immune.

Okuningi

3 -

Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV Kuwomuntu Wonke (Kunjalo, Wonke umuntu)

Ukuxilongwa okusheshayo = ukwelashwa kokuqala = impilo engcono = impilo ende. Ifomula ayikwazanga kube lula. Noma kunjalo, cishe amaphesenti angama-20 kuya kwangu-25 kuya ku-1.2 million aseMelika aphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza ahlala engaziwa.

Ekuphenduleni, i-US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) ikhishwe izincomo ukuthi bonke abantu abaneminyaka engama-15 no-65 bahlolwe i-HIV njengengxenye yokuvakashela odokotela njalo. Izincomo zenziwe ngokuhambisana nobufakazi obonisa ukuthi ukuqala kokuqala kwe-antiretroviral therapy kuzoholela ekutheni kuncane izifo ezihambisana negciwane lesandulela ngculazi kanye nokungenalo i-HIV , futhi kuncishiswe ukutheleleka komuntu one-HIV.

4 -

Ukhathazekile Ngokuthi Uyimfihlo? Cabanga nge-In-Home Test ye-HIV

Ngo-July 2012, i-US Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) yase-United States inikeze imvume yokuhlolwa kwe- OraQuick In-Home Test , ukuhlinzeka abathengi nge- test yokuqala ye- HIV ngomlomo wokuqala, ekwazi ukunikeza imiphumela eyimfihlo emaminithi angu-20. Imvume ye-FDA yamukelwa yizinhlangano eziningi ezisekelwe emphakathini, okuye kwasho isikhathi eside izinzuzo zokuhlolwa kwekhaya ngesikhathi lapho amaphesenti angama-20 abantu baseMelika abanesifo sengculaza abanesandulela ngculaza bengakwazi ngokuphelele isimo sabo.

Okuningi

5 -

Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV Kunganciphisa Ingozi Yokudluliswa Ngama-96%

Ukwelashwa njengokuvimbela (noma i-TasP) kuyindlela encike ebufakazini lapho abantu abathintekayo be- HIV abathintekayo abanegciwane elingenakutholakali kakhulu amathuba okudlulisela igciwane kumlingani ongathintwa (noma ongaphenduliwe).

Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-TasP inganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kumibhangqwana esezingeni elixubile (serodiscordant) ngokunciphisa ukutheleleka komlingani ogciwane lesandulela ngculazi ngokuqinisekisa ukucindezelwa okuqhubekayo nokuphefumula.

Okuningi

6 -

Ufuna Ukugwema Ukuthola Ukutheleleka? I-PrEP ingasiza

I-pre-exposure prophylaxis (i-PrEP) iyindlela yokuvimbela i-HIV lapho ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kwemithi ye- antiretroviral kuyaziwa ngokunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yomuntu yokuthola i-HIV nganoma ikuphi amaphesenti angu-75-92. Indlela esekelwe ebufakazini ibhekwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yeqhinga lokuvimbela igciwane lesandulela ngculazi, elibandakanya ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwamakhondomu nokunciphisa inani labalingani bocansi. I-PrEP ayihloselwe ukusetshenziselwa ukuzihlukanisa.

Okuningi

7 -

Kufanele Ngithathe Ukuthatha I-PreP?

I-HIV ngaphambi-exposure prophylaxis (i-PrEP) ibhekwa njengendlela ephawulekayo yokuvimbela ukutholakala kwe-HIV kumuntu ongenalo igciwane. Kodwa ingabe kufanele wonke umuntu?

NgoMeyi 14, 2104, i-US Public Health Service (USPHS) yakhipha izikhombisi-ndlela zokuvuselela imitholampilo yazo ebizwa ngokuthi i-PrEP kubantu abangenayo igciwane lesandulela ngculazi kubhekwe "engozini" yokutheleleka.

Okuningi

8 -

Yebo, Ungaba Nengane ... Ngisho noma Umlingani Wakho Enganaki

Ngokusho kwe- United Nations Joint Program on HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS) , cishe isigamu sabo bonke imibhangqwana ethintekayo ngeHIV emhlabeni jikelele, iyinhlangano ye-serodiscordant, okusho ukuthi umlingani oyedwa unesandulela ngculazi kanti enye ingenayo i-HIV. E-US kuphela, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunamabhangqwana angaphezu kuka-140 000 abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane, abaningi babo abaneminyaka yobudala obubeletha izingane.

Ngokuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwe- antiretroviral therapy (ART) , kanye nokunye ukungenelela kokuvimbela, imibhangqwana e-serodiscordant inamathuba amakhulu kakhulu okukhulelwa kunanini ngaphambili - ukuvumela ukukhulelwa ngenkathi kuncishiswa ingozi yokudluliselwa kokubili kwengane nomlingani ongathintekile.

Okuningi

9 -

Ungakhohlwa Amakhompiyutha (Ngempela, Awukho)

Naphezu kwalesi sikhathi lapho izidakamizwa ze-HIV ziyaziwa khona ukunciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwegazi, kokubili kubantu abangathintekile nalabo abaphila nalesi sifo, iqiniso elilodwa lihlala lingenakulinganiswa: ukuyeka ukuzivimbela, amakhondomu aseyindlela eyodwa ephumelelayo yokuvimbela i-HIV namuhla.

Ngenkathi amamodeli okutadisha ahlukahluka, ucwaningi oluningi lubonisa ukuthi amakhondomu anganciphisa ingozi ye-HIV noma yikuphi ukusuka kumaphesenti angu-80 kuya kuma-93%. Uma kuqhathaniswa, i- pre-exposure prophylaxis (i-PrEP) inganciphisa ingozi yokudlulisela phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-62 namaphesenti angama-75, kuyilapho ukwelashwa njengokuvimbela (i-TasP) - ukusebenzisa imishanguzo ye-antiretroviral ukunciphisa ukutheleleka komuntu onesandulela ngculazi - kubonisiwe izindlela eziphumelelayo zokunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka ngaphakathi kwezingqinamba zobuhlobo obuxubile (ubuhlobo be-serodiscordant).

Okuningi

10 -

Inkinga Yokukhokha Imithi Yakho Ye-HIV? Thola Usizo

Nakuba ukufinyelela kokwelashwa kuye kwanda kubantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi kusukela ekusebenzisweni kwe- Care Affordable Act (ACA) ngo-2014, izindleko zokwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane zihlala zinselele-ngisho nomkhawulo-wabaningi. Ngokwe-Non-profit Fair Pricing Coalition (FPC), abanye abathintekayo baye bazama ukukhipha umthetho ngokwenza izidakamizwa ze-HIV kungatholakali noma kuyabiza kakhulu kunezinye izidakamizwa ezingapheli ezinqunywe yi-ACA.

Emzamweni wokuqinisekisa ukutholakala okungabizi, i-FDC ixoxisane nezinhlelo zosizo lwe-co-pay kanye neziguli (PAPs) nabaningi abakhiqizi bezidakamizwa ze-HIV. Zombili izinhlelo zinikeza usizo ezigulini ezihlangabezana nezindlela zokufaneleka ezisekelwe ohlelweni oluhlelwe minyaka yonke lwe-Federal Poverty Level (noma i-FPL).

Okuningi