Uhlolojikelele lwe-Osteoarthritis
I-osteoarthritis, enye yezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-100 ze-arthritis nezimo ezihlobene , uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-arthritis. E-United States, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-27 bahlala nesimo. I-osteoarthritis ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, kodwa abantu banoma iyiphi indala bangayithuthukisa.
Ukukhula kuphakama kakhulu emva kweminyaka yobudala engama-50 emadodeni nasemuva kweminyaka engama-40 kwabesifazane. Ngokwe-American College of Rheumatology, amaphesenti angu-70 abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-70 anesibindi se-x-ray se-osteoarthritis .
"Gqoka futhi ubeke"
> I-bone cartilage yehla nge-osteoarthritis.
I-osteoarthritis ivame ukubhekwa njenge-arthritis ye-wear-and-tear. Amanye amagama afaka isifo esihlangene esizimele, i- arthritis ephuzayo, i-DJD, ne-osteoarthrosis.
Sekuyisikhathi eside i-osteoarthritis ichazwa njengomphumela wokuwa kwe- cartilage kwelinye noma ngaphezulu. I-cartilage ikhiwa ngamaphesenti angama-65 kuya kwangu-80 amanzi, i-collagen (amaprotheni ama-fibrous), ama-proteoglycans (amaprotheni noshukela ohlangene ne-collagen), kanye nama-chondrocytes (amangqamuzana akhiqiza u-cartilage).
I-cartilage iyisicubu esinzima kodwa esishukumisayo esisebenza njengendlela yokuhlangana emathanjeni amathanga, okuvumela amathambo ukuba agxilane. Iphinde iphazamise ukunyakaza ngokomzimba.
Uma ukulahleka kwe-cartilage kwenzeka, amajoyina angase ahlasele kuze kube seqophelweni lokubhoboza amathambo ngethambo . Izinguquko ezakhiweni ezizungezile amajoyina (imisipha kanye namathenda), ukuqoqwa kwamanzi, kanye nokwehla kwamabhomu (ama- osteophyte noma ama-bone spurs) kungahlakulela, okuholela ekuhluphekeni okungapheli okukhulu, ukulahlekelwa ukuhamba, nokukhubazeka.
I-osteoarthritis ingathinta amalunga ezandleni naseminwe, ezinqulwini , emadolweni , ezinyaweni nasemgodini . Ngokusekelwe ebufakazini bama-x, ama-distal and proximal interphalangeal joints esandleni asithinteka kakhulu yi-osteoarthritis, nakuba engase ingahlanganiswa nezimpawu ezijwayelekile.
Izindebe namadolo yizindawo ezilandelayo ezijwayelekile kakhulu ze-osteoarthritis futhi cishe zihlale zizibonakalisa. Amalungu okuqala we-metatarsal phalangeal kanye ne-carpometacarpal nawo amasayithi avamile we-osteoarthritis abhekwe kwi-x-ray. Amahlombe, i-elbow, i-wrist, nama-metacarpophalangeal amalunga ayizindawo ezingavamile ze-osteoarthritis ngaphandle uma ehlobene nokulimala, ukuhlukunyezwa noma umsebenzi.
Ezinye Izinto
Ngenkathi incazelo ekhonjiwe ngenhla yokugqoka nokuqeda (isifo sokuqothulwa komzimba) akuyona into engalungile, ayiphelele. Eqinisweni, kuningi kunalokho. Akuyona nje imishini. Ezinye izinto eziningi zidlala indima ekuthuthukiseni i-osteoarthritis kubandakanya izici ze-biologic, abaxhumanisi abathintekayo kanye nama-proteases. Lezi zici zingase zibe izakhi zofuzo, imithi, imvelo, noma ingozi.
Ngenkathi ukubhujiswa kwe-joint cartilage kuyisici esaziwa kakhulu se-osteoarthritis, kufanele siqonde ukuthi ukugqoka nokuphumula ekulayisheni okuhlangene kuvuselela ukukhiqizwa kwezici ezifisa ukulimaza kanye nama-proteases okufaka ukulimala okuhlangene.
Kuhlangene okuthintekile yi-osteoarthritis, zonke izicubu ezihlangene ziyathinteka, hhayi nje i-cartilage.
Ukuthuthukiswa Nokuthuthukiswa
Kungaba nzima ukuthola ukuthi i-osteoarthritis iqala nini nokuthi yiziphi izicubu ezihlangene ezithintekayo kusenesikhathi ngaphandle uma kukhona umcimbi ohlukumezayo obangela ukulimala nokuthi kungabonakaliswa, njengendlebe ephukile.
Ngenkathi izifundo ze-MRI zingathola izinguquko zokuqala zesakhiwo ezihambisana ne-osteoarthritis, ama-x-rays athalakala njalo, okungenani ekuqaleni. Kodwa, ngesikhathi sinobufakazi bama-x-ray we-osteoarthritis, lesi sifo singaphumelela kakhulu. Ama-X aveza ukulahleka kwe-cartilage , indawo ehlangene yokunciphisa , i- subchondral sclerosis , ama-subchondral cysts nama-osteophytes. Imifanekiso ye-MRI ingabonisa izinguquko ezicashile eziya emathambo , i- synovitis, i- bone marrow lesions , nezinguquko ezishintshayo ngaphakathi kwezicubu ezithambile.
Njengoba i-osteoarthritis iqhubekela phambili, wonke ohlangene angabandakanyeka, okwenza izingxenye zezinxenye zingaphumeleli. Naphezu kokwazi lokho, ukubikezelwa komunye umuntu osteoarthritis kunzima ukubikezela.
Akuwona wonke umuntu onesimo esiqhubekayo ngesilinganiso esifanayo, esabela esimweni esithile sokwelashwa ngendlela efanayo, noma eba nezimpawu ezibucayi uma kudala noma kumancane.
Izingozi Zezingozi
Izinto ezandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-osteoarthritis zihlanganisa:
- Ukuguga -Kwaziwa ukuthi izifo kanye nokusabalalisa kwe-osteoarthritis kwanda ngeminyaka. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuguga kwenza ama-joints angene kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni i-osteoarthritis-kukhona ukuguga kwamaselula kanye nezinguquko ze-extracellular (thinning of cartilage ubudala). Ngo-2030, cishe amaphesenti angu-20 aseMelika ayoba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala futhi engozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-osteoarthritis.
- Ubulili besifazane -I-knee ne-knee-osteoarthritis ivame kakhulu kubantu besifazane kunamadoda. Ukusabalala kwe-hip osteoarthritis kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu nabesifazane.
- Ukulimala kwamalungu -Ngemva kokulimala okuhlangene kwenzeka, i-osteoarthritis ehamba phambili isathuthuka ingathuthuka. Izinguquko zivame ukugcinwa phakathi neminyaka eyishumi yokulimala. I-osteoarthritis ingahlakulela, ngemva kokulimala, kumathisto amancane, njengenhlanzi ye-ligament, ngoba abathinteli be-proinflammatory baqhuma endaweni yokulimala futhi bangase baqale ukuthuthukiswa kwe-osteoarthritis. Kukhona futhi ukulimala okuhilela ngqo amalunga, njengama-fractures).
- Umsebenzi wokuziphilisa -Ukusebenza okudinga ukulayishwa okuhlangene okukhulu, ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe, kunengozi eyengeziwe yokuthuthukisa i-osteoarthritis. Lokhu kuyiqiniso emisebenzini edinga ukuphakamisa, ukuguqa, ukukhipha noma ukukhuphuka. Njengoba kulindeleke, ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe kanye namandla engeziwe kunandisa umthwalo emajoyini abandakanyekayo.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala -Isisindo somzimba esiphuthumayo sinomthwalo emajoyini anesisindo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kwandisa ingozi yokuhlinzeka i-osteoarthritis, futhi. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi kungase kube nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ehambisana nokuqhathanisa ngokweqile nokukhuluphala okwandisa ingozi ye-osteoarthritis.
- I-Genetic predisposition -Izifundo ziye zahlobanisa ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo nengozi eyengeziwe yokuthuthukisa i-osteoarthritis.
Izwi elivela
Ukuqonda ukuthi i-osteoarthritis ingaphezu nje kokubangela ukuguga noma amalunga agqamile kubalulekile. Ukuqaphela ukuthi kunezici ezandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-osteoarthritis nokuthi ezinye zingashintsha nazo zibalulekile. Siye safunda eminyakeni edlule ukuthi lesi sifo sinzima kakhulu kunokuthi "siphethwe yi-cartilage". Eqinisweni, izakhiwo ezinhlangothini ezizungezile nazo zithinteka yi-osteoarthritis.
Abacwaningi basebenza ekuthuthukiseni imithi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu eyenza ngokufanayo ne- DMARD (izidakamizwa eziguqula izidakamizwa eziphikisana nesifo sofuba) ngezinhlobo zokuvuvukala kwe-arthritis ngokunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Ngenkathi i-DMOAD ye-acronym ye-drug-modifying i-osteoarthritis izidakamizwa sesivele isetshenzisiwe, sisalindele ukuthuthukiswa nokukhangiswa kwe-DMOAD ephumelelayo.
Imithombo:
I-osteoarthritis. I-Handout ku-Impilo. I-NIAMS. April 2015.
I-Osteoarthritis Epidemiology Nezici Zengozi. Isikhungo se-Arthritis sikaJohn Hopkins. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Ephreli 25, 2012.
UPawulu E. Di Cesare et al. Isahluko 98. I-Kelley's Bookbook of Rheumatology. Elsevier. Umagazini wesishiyagalolunye.
URichard F. Loesner. MD. I-Pathogenesis ye-Osteoarthritis. Kusesikhathini. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Juni 21, 2016.