I-Pneumothorax nezinye izinhlobo ze-Air Leaks
Iyini i-Pneumothorax?
I-pneumothorax wuhlobo lwephasi elahlekile lapho umoya uqoqa ngaphakathi kwesikhumba esifubeni, phakathi kwamapayipi nodonga lwesifuba. I-pneumothorax, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi "i-pneumo," ingaba mnene noma inzima kuye ngokuthi ingakanani umoya okhona.
I-pneumothorax ingabangelwa yi-air engena esifubeni ngaphandle komzimba noma emaphashini ngokwazo.
Ku-NICU, iningi lama-pneumos lwenzeka uma umoya ovela ngaphakathi emaphashini uphela. I-pneumothorax yindlela eyodwa kuphela yokuvuza kwemoya. Uma umoya uhamba kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwesigxobo sesifuba, ukuvuza emoyeni kunamagama ahlukile.
Yini Ebangelwa I-Pneumothorax?
I-pneumothorax noma enye ukuvuza kwemoya iqala lapho i- alveoli , ama-sac amancane emoyeni emaphashini lapho i-oksijeni ne-carbon dioxide ishintshaniswa khona. Lapho i-alveoli iqhuma, umoya ubalekela futhi ubangele umoya.
Izingane zineziphunga ezinzima kakhulu, kanti izinto eziningi zingandisa ingozi yengane ye-pneumothorax noma enye ukuvuza kwemoya. Nakuba ezinye izingane zisengozini enkulu kunabanye, noma yikuphi ukuzalwa okusha kungakha i-pneumo njengoba amaphaphu abo ekhula ngemva kokuzalwa. Izinto ezibeka ingane yakho ithuba elikhulu lokuthuthukisa i-pneumo zihlanganisa:
- Ukuzalwa kusenesikhathi : Izithasiselo zinamaqhwa amaphaphu amancane, futhi i-alveoli yabo iphela kalula. Amantombazane anesisindo esingaphansi kuka-1500 g (3 lb 5 oz) ngesikhathi sokuzalwa ayengozi enkulu.
- Siza ukuphefumula ekubelethweni: Uma izingane zingaphefumuli ngokushesha nje emva kokuzalwa, ithimba lokuvuselela lizosebenzisa isikhwama se-ambu noma enye idivayisi ukunikeza umoya ophefumulayo kuze kube yilapho ingane iqala ukuphefumula. Noma kunesidingo, losizo ukuphefumula kungabangela i-pneumo.
- I-ventilation ye-mechanical: Izingane ezidinga usizo olwedlulele ukuphefumula, kusuka ku-ventilator noma ku-CPAP, zinengozi ephezulu ye-pneumo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umoya we-air mechanism uqhube umoya emoyeni emaphashini ukuze ugcine ugcwala futhi ugcine amazinga e-oksijeni wengane.
- I-Meconium aspiration: Izingane eziphefumula nge-meconium ngesikhathi sokuzalwa zingagula kakhulu. I-Meconium ingaxhuma imimoya yomoya, ivumela umoya ukuba ungene kodwa hhayi emaphashini. Lokhu ukuqoqa umoya kungakhuphula ingcindezi ku-alveoli futhi kubangele ukuba baqhume.
I-Pneumothorax iphathwe kanjani?
Uma odokotela bacabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ine-pneumo, izokwenza i-x-ray yesifuba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ixilongwa. Uma kungekho x-ray etholakalayo, zingase zikhanye ngokukhanya esifubeni somntanakho (ukuguqulwa kwamanzi) ukufuna izindawo ezikhanyayo lapho umoya uqoke khona.
Ukwelashwa kokuvuza kwemoya kuncike ekutheni izimpawu zimbi kangakanani nokuthi ukukhululeka komoya kukhulu kangakanani. Izingane ezinokuvuza kancane zingenayo izimpawu nhlobo futhi zingase zingadingi ukwelashwa. Ukuvuza kuyokwelapha yedwa, futhi umzimba uzobuyisela umoya.
I-pneumo enkulu ingabangela ingane ukuba nenkinga yokuphefumula okukhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwomoya kungashukumisela inhliziyo, imithwalo yegazi emikhulu, kanye nomoya wokuphefumula ovela endaweni efanele futhi kungaba yingozi esiphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. Ukwelashwa kusekelwe ebukhulu bezimpawu, futhi kungafaka:
- I-oxygen eyengeziwe: Kwezinye izimo, ukunikeza umntwana i-100% oksijeni kungasiza umzimba ukuba ubuyekeze umoya ovela pneumo. Le nqubo isetshenziswe kuphela ezinganeni zesikhashana ngenxa yengozi ye- ROP kuma-preemy.
- I-needle aspiration: Inaliti ehlanganiswe nesirinji ingafakwa ngodonga lwesifuba futhi isetshenziselwe ukuhoxisa umoya oqoqwe. Le naliti isuswe bese isikhumba siboshwe.
- I-tube chest: Esikhathini se-pneumothorax esinzima noma ezinganeni ezingakabiphi ku-ventilator, ithubhu yesifuba ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukususa umoya kuze kufike ukuvuza kwe-air. I-tube encane yepulasitiki izofakwa efubeni lomntwana iphinde ivikeleke, bese ixhunywe ekuthandeni. Ukutshala kuzosusa umoya njengoba iqoqa. Ithebhu yesifuba izosuswa ngemuva kokuba wonke umoya owengeziwe ususwe futhi ukuvuza kuphelile.
Emva kokuphathwa kwe-pneumothorax, odokotela bazophindaphinda i-x-ray esifubeni ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi ukuvuza kuphulukisiwe futhi akukho moya omusha oqoqiwe.
Izinkomba:
I-University of Rochester Medical Center I-Health Encyclopedia. "Pneumothorax." Ifinyelele kusuka ku-http: //www.urmc.rochester.edu/Encyclopedia/Content.aspx?UkuqukethweTypeID=90&ContentID=P02397
URennie, J. (2012). Rennie & Robertson's Bookbook of Neonatology, 5th ed. Elsevier.
I-Litmanovitz, I. & Carlo, W. (Nov. 2008). "Ukuphathwa okulindelekile kwe-Pneumothorax ku-Neonates esebenzayo." Izifo zezingane, 122 (5); e975-e979.