Naphezu kokubili izifo ze-neurological, kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-100 ze-peripheral neuropathy, ngokusho kweNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, futhi zihlukaniswa ngokususelwa kuhlobo lomonakalo wezinzwa ezibangelwa.
Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izinzwa ze-neuropathies zithinta isisodwa esisodwa (okuthiwa i-mononeuropathies) kuyilapho ezinye zithinta izinzwa eziningi (ezibizwa nge-polyneuropathies). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye ze-neuropathies zengqondo zibangelwa umonakalo wezibilini zomzimba kanti ezinye zibangelwa umonakalo emgodini we-myelin (nezinye kokubili).
Ngenkathi i-peripheral neuropathy ihlanganyela izimpawu ezimbalwa ezivamile nge- multiple sclerosis (MS), njengobuhlungu nokuzwa okungavamile, kubalulekile ukuqonda lezi zifo ezihluke ngokuphelele.
Ake sihlolisise umehluko omane phakathi kwe-peripheral neuropathy ne-multiple sclerosis.
Umehluko # 1: I-Peripheral System yeNervous Verses System Central Nervous
I-Peripheral Neuropathy
I-peripheral neuropathy ibhekisela emonakalweni wezinzwa ezibandakanya isimiso sezinzwa zomzimba, okuyinto leyo mizwa engaphandle kobuchopho nomgogodla. Amagciwane we-peripheral awonakele futhi angabangela ukuzwela okungavamile, ubuhlungu, nokushisa. Lezi zinto ezingavamile kakhulu zithinta kakhulu izinyawo, imilenze ephansi, nezandla. Ububuthakathaka besisu bungatholakala nakwabantu abanesifo esiyingozi noma esesimweni eside se-peripheral neuropathy.
Multiple Sclerosis
Ngokungafani ne-neuropathy ye-peripheral, i-MS ithinta isistimu yomgogodla eyinhloko, ehlanganisa ubuchopho, imbono ye-optic, nomgogodla.
Izinzwa ezisemkhatsini wezinzwa zomphakathi ziqinisa umonakalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, eziphazamisa ikhono labo lokuxhumana nesistimu yezinzwa zomzimba. Lo monakalo ungabangela ukuzwela okungavamile, ubuhlungu, nokungabi namagundane okungafani nalokho okubangelwa yi-peripheral neuropathy.
Ububuthakathaka besisu buvame ukuqala nge-MS.
Eqinisweni, ubuthakathaka bemisipha bukhula ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi bunzima ngokweqile kunokuba kubonakale ku-peripheral neuropathy.
Umehluko # 2: Izimbangela ezingaphansi
I-Peripheral Neuropathy
I-peripheral neuropathy ihlanganisa iqembu lezinkinga ngezimbangela ezihlukile. Nakuba isifo sikashukela singumphumela ovame kakhulu we-peripheral neuropathy phakathi kwabantu baseMelika, ezinye izimo zezempilo eziningi zingase zibe yizizathu ezimbi. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka:
- Isifo esiphelele sezinso
- I-Hypothyroidism
- Ezinye izifo ezizimele (isibonelo, i-systemic lupus erythematosus noma i-rheumatoid arthritis)
- Ukutheleleka nge-HIV
- I-Herpes simplex virus ukutheleleka
- Izinxube, ezifana nokuhola, i-mercury, nokudla okudakayo kotshwala
- Umonakalo wezinzwa ezihlobene nokulimala
- Ukuphuza utshwala
- Imithi ethile (isibonelo, imithi ethile ye-HIV kanye ne-chemotherapies)
Multiple Sclerosis
Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-peripheral neuropathy, kunezinhlobo ezine kuphela ze-MS , ne-ejwayelekile kakhulu ukubuyisela kabusha i-MS (RRMS). Ku-RRMS, izilonda zenzeka ebuchosheni nasendlini yomgogodla, ngenxa yokuvuvukala okuqhubekayo. Lokhu ukuvuvukala kubangelwa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela somuntu esihlasela umgogodla we-myelin wezinzwa ezithile.
Umehluko # 3: Ukuxilongwa
I-Peripheral Neuropathy
Ukunquma imbangela yezibonakaliso zakho nokwenza ukuxilongwa kuqala ngomlando ophelele wezokwelapha, kuhlanganise nokubukezwa ngokucophelela kwazo zonke izimpawu ozibonayo.
Okulandelayo kunempilo ephelele nokuhlolwa okuphelele kwegazi.
Kuncike emiphumeleni yalezi zivivinyo zokuqala, uma udokotela wakho esho ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo, angase ancoma ukuhlolwa okungeziwe okungabandakanya umsebenzi wegazi, i-MRI, kanye / noma izivivinyo zezinzwa, njenge-electromyography (EMG) kanye / noma i- nervous conduction velocity (NCV) ukuhlolwa.
Multiple Sclerosis
Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa kwe-MS, udokotela wakho uzophinde ahlele i-MRI, futhi angenza ukukhishwa kwe-lumbar . Umsebenzi wegazi uvame ukuqhutshwa ukuze kukhishwe izimo zezempilo ezingalingisa lokho okwenziwa yi-MS.
Umehluko # 4: Ukwelashwa
I-Peripheral Neuropathy
Uma sekutholakala ukuxilongwa, wena nodokotela wakho bazosebenza ndawonye ohlelweni lwezokwelapha.
Lapho ukwelapha isifo se-peripheral neuropathy, udokotela wakho uzocabangela isizathu esiyinhloko. Isibonelo, uma isifo sikashukela singumlandu, bese uthola ushukela wegazi lakho ngaphansi kokulawula umgomo oyinhloko.
Uma imithi noma i-toxin ibangela umphumela ohlangothini, ukususa noma ukumisa i-agent ekhubazayo (uma kungenzeka) kubalulekile.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-fibre yezinzwa kwisistimu yakho yesifo sezinzwa ingabuyisa, ngakho-ke ukuphatha isimo esibucayi kungathuthukisa (ngisho nokuphulukisa, kwezinye izimo) umqondo womuntu we-peripheral neuropathy.
Ngenxa yobuhlungu obunzima be-peripheral neuropathy, udokotela wakho angase ancoma eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yale mithi elandelayo:
- Ama-anti-inflammatories (ama-NSAID) angasebenzi
- Amanye ama-anti-depressants afana no-Elavil (amitriptyline) noma i-Cymbalta (duloxetine)
- Ama-anticonvulsants athile afana ne-Lyrica (pregabalin) noma i-Neurontin (gabapentin)
- Imithi yokwelapha njengama-lipiocaine noma i-capsaicin
- I-Tapentadol (kuphela ye-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela)
Ngaphandle kwemithi, ezinye izinkinga zokunciphisa izinhlungu ezingase zelukwe, zibandakanya:
- I-Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
- Ukwelashwa okuhambisanayo okufana nokwenza umzimba noma ukusikhipha
- Imikhuba yokuphila (ngokwesibonelo, ukuyeka ukubhema, ukuvivinya umzimba nokuzinakekela njalo uma unesifo sikashukela)
- Ukuhlinzwa-ngezinye izinzwa ze-peripheral ze-neuropathies lapho i-nerve eyodwa icindezelekile (isibonelo, i-carpal tunnel syndrome)
Multiple Sclerosis
Ukwelashwa kwe-multiple sclerosis kunamacala amabili, okubandakanya kokubili imishanguzo yokuguqula isifo (ukulwa nokuvuvukala kwe-MS) nemithi yokusiza umuntu ukuphatha izimpawu zabo eziyingqayizivele.
Ukuze uthole ukuzwa okungavamile ku-MS, udokotela wakho angase ancoma ezinye zemithi efanayo ekusetshenziseni ukuhlukumezeka ku-peripheral neuropathy njengoCymbalta (duloxetine) noma i-Neurontin (gabapentin).
Uma i-neuropathy yakho iyingxenye ye-MS ephindaphinda noma ephazamisa ngokukhethekile, udokotela wakho angase anikeze inkambo emfushane ye-corticosteroids.
Izwi elivela
Nakuba ungase ulingeke ukuba ubambezele ukubona udokotela wakho, izimpawu zesistimu zesisindo akufanele zizinakwa. Uma ubhekene nezimpawu ezingase zihlobene nanoma iyiphi i-peripheral neuropathy noma i-MS, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okudingekayo ukuze ahlolwe kahle.
Ngesikhathi ulinde usuku lwakho lokuqokwa, kuyasiza ukugcina i-log yezimpawu zakho ukuze ukwazi ukuwachaza ngokuningiliziwe, kanye nanoma yimaphi amaphethini lapho kwenzeka khona, nanoma yiziphi izinto ezimbi noma ezicasulayo.
> Imithombo:
> Afialo M, Morlion B. Ukusebenza kwe-tapentadol ER yokuphatha ukulinganisela ebuhlungu obukhulu obungapheliyo. Udokotela Wezinhlungu . 2013 Jan; 16 (1): 27-40.
> Aminoff MJ, Daroff RB, ama-eds. I-Encyclopedia ye-Sciences Neurological . I-2nd ed. Waltham, MA: I-Academic Press; 2014.
> Hersch CM, i-Fox RJ. (2014). Multiple Sclerosis. I-Cleveland Clinic Center ye-website yokuqhubekayo yezemfundo.
> Levin MC. Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Ku: Porter RS, Kaplan JL, Lynn RB, et al. I-Merck Manual Professional Version .
> I-National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke. (2014). I-Peripheral Neuropathy Fact Sheet.