Izimpawu, Ukuxilongwa, Nokunakekelwa
Enye yezinto ezivame ukukhubaza ngokuphelele ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa e-United States, i-spina bifida ngokwezwi nezwi isho "umgqa wokuhlukanisa." Usuku ngalunye, cishe izingane eziyisishiyagalombili zizalwa nge-spina bifida eMelika.
Isimo sinesici lapho i - vertebrae yomgogodla engenzi kahle ngokuzungezile ngentambo yomgogodla wengane. Ingahluka kusuka komnene kuya komthelela kumthelela wayo.
Ezimweni ezinzima, akukho ukwelashwa okudingekayo; ezimweni ezinzima, kukhona umonakalo omkhulu wezinzwa.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-spina bifida:
- I-Spina bifida occulta : Iphutha elincane elivame ukubangela izimpawu ezincane noma ezingekho
- I-Spina bifida cystica meningocele : Icala eliyinkimbinkimbi elenza ezinye zekhanda elizungeze intambo yomgogodla ukunamathela ngaphandle kokuvula
- I-Spina bifida cystica i-myelomeningocele : Ifomu elibi kunazo zonke lapho ezinye izintambo zomgogodla ngokwazo ziphuma ngaphandle kokuvula emgodleni.
Izingane ezizalwa nge-spina bifida zingase zibe nezinye izinkinga zesimiso sezinzwa ezifana ne-hydrocephalus noma i-Chiari malformation.
Izimbangela
Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abaqiniseki ukuthi yini eyenza ukuba isipina bifida senzeke. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kubangelwa ukuxuba kwezakhi zofuzo nezendalo.
Izingozi Zezingozi
E-US, i-spina bifida ivela kaningi phakathi kwama-Hispanics namaCaucasus futhi ngokuvamile kuvamile kuma-Asia nakwa-Afrika-aseMelika.
Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye ezinsana ezalwa nge-spina bifida azikho umlando womndeni wazo. Kodwa-ke, uma umama enengane ene-spina bifida, ingozi yokuthi iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ikhuliswe.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lokuhlola ukubizwa ngokuthi i-alphafetoprotein test (AFP) kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa igazi lomama okhulelwe lapho ephakathi kwamasonto angu-15 kuya kwangu-17 ekukhulelwe.
Uma imiphumela engavamile, i-ultrasound eningiliziwe (Level II) yenziwa okungabonisa ukuba khona kwe-spina bifida. I-amniocenteis (isampula se-amniotic fluid esibelethweni) ingenziwa ukuze iphinde ibuyele izinga le-AFP.
Ukwelapha
Ayikho ikhambi eliphelele le-spina bifida. Ukuvulwa komgogodla kungavalwa ukuhlinzwa ngaphambi noma emva kokuzalwa futhi lokhu kunganciphisa imiphumela yayo emzimbeni.
Njengoba i-spina bifida ibangela ukulimala emthonjeni womgogodla, ngokuvamile kudingeka ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo ukuphatha izimpawu ezinzima njengokuma, ukuhamba, noma ukuvota. Abanye abantu bazokwazi ukuhamba ngamathanga noma amabhande omlenze; abanye bangadinga isitulo sabakhubazekile ukuze bajikeleze kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo. Izingane kanye nabantu abadala abane-myelomeningocele bazoba nezinkinga zezokwelashwa kakhulu futhi badinga ukwelashwa okukhulu kakhulu.
Umbono wezingane ezine-spina bifida ushintshile kakhulu eminyakeni. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamuva kubonise ukuthi labo abane-spina bifida bangaphila ngokuphila okuvamile. Amaphesenti angu 90% azalwa ngesimo asinda aze abe abantu abadala futhi 75% bayakwazi ukudlala imidlalo futhi bahlanganyele eminye imisebenzi.
Ngesikhathi uthola ingane yakho ine-spina bifida ingaba yinkimbinkimbi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamuva kwenziwa ukulawula isimo.
Imithombo:
Bowman RM, McLone DG, Grant JA, Tomita T, Ito JA. Umphumela we-Spina Bifida: Unyaka wama-25 ongenayo. I-Pediatr Neurosurg, 2001, 114-120.
Mathews TJ, Honein MA, u-Erickson JD. "I-Spina Bifida ne-Anencephaly Prevalence - United States." I-MMWR Incomo Rep, 2002, 9-11.
I-Spina Bifida Foundation. "Uyini u-Spina Bifida?" 2015.